Effect of hypochloric acid on Escherichia coli biofilm and the clinical efficacy of hypochloric acid for wounds with Escherichia coli infection / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypochloric acid on Escherichia coli biofilm and the clinical efficacy of hypochloric acid for wounds with Escherichia coli infection. Methods: One strain of Escherichia coli with the strongest bacterial biofilm forming ability among the strains isolated from specimens in 25 patients (16 males and 9 females, aged 32-67 years) from five clinical departments of the 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force was collected for the experimental study from September to December 2019. The Escherichia coli was cultured with hypochloric acid at 162.96, 81.48, 40.74, 20.37, 10.18, 5.09, 2.55, 1.27, 0.64, and 0.32 μg/mL respectively to screen the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of hypochloric acid. The Escherichia coli was cultured with hypochloric acid at the screened MBC for 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min respectively to screen the shortest bactericidal time of hypochloric acid. The biofilm formation of Escherichia coli was observed by scanning electron microscopy at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation, respectively. After 72 h of culture, hypochloric acid at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 times of MBC was respectively added to Escherichia coli to screen the minimum biofilm eradicate concentration (MBEC) of hypochloric acid against Escherichia coli. After hypochloric acid at 1, 2, 4, and 8 times of MBEC and sterile saline were respectively added to Escherichia coli for 10 min, the live/dead bacterial staining kit was used to detect the number of live and dead cells, with the rate of dead bacteria calculated (the number of samples was 5). From January to December 2020, 41 patients with infectious wounds meeting the inclusion criteria and admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA were included into the prospective randomized controlled trial. The patients were divided into hypochloric acid group with 21 patients (13 males and 8 females, aged (46±14) years) and povidone iodine group with 20 patients (14 males and 6 females, aged (45±19) years) according to the random number table. Patients in the 2 groups were respectively dressed with sterile gauze soaked with hypochloric acid of 100 μg/mL and povidone iodine solution of 50 mg/mL with the dressings changed daily. Before the first dressing change and on the 10th day of dressing change, tissue was taken from the wound and margin of the wound for culturing bacteria by agar culture method and quantifying the number of bacteria. The amount of wound exudate and granulation tissue growth were observed visually and scored before the first dressing change and on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th days of dressing change. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett-t test, independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact probability test. Results: The MBC of hypochloric acid against Escherichia coli was 10.18 μg/mL, and the shortest bactericidal time of hypochloric acid with MBC against Escherichia coli was 2 min. Escherichia coli was in a completely free state after 6 and 12 h of culture and gradually aggregated and adhered with the extension of culture time, forming a mature biofilm at 72 h of culture. The MBEC of hypochloric acid against Escherichia coli was 20.36 μg/mL. The Escherichia coli mortality rates after incubation with hypochloric acid at 1, 2, 4, and 8 times of MBEC for 10 min were significantly higher than that after incubation with sterile saline (with t values of 6.11, 25.04, 28.90, and 40.74, respectively, P<0.01). The amount of bacteria in the wound tissue of patients in hypochloric acid group on the 10th day of dressing change was 2.61 (2.20, 3.30)×104 colony forming unit (CFU)/g, significantly less than 4.77 (2.18, 12.48)×104 CFU/g in povidone iodine group (Z=2.06, P<0.05). The amounts of bacteria in the wound tissue of patients in hypochloric acid group and povidone iodine group on the 10th day of dressing change were significantly less than 2.97 (2.90, 3.04)×106 and 2.97 (1.90, 7.95)×106 CFU/g before the first dressing change (with Z values of 4.02 and 3.92, respectively, P<0.01). The score of wound exudate amount of patients in hypochloric acid group on the 10th day of dressing change was significantly lower than that in povidone iodine group (Z=2.07, P<0.05). Compared with those before the first dressing change, the scores of wound exudate amount of patients in hypochloric acid group on the 7th and 10th days of dressing change were significantly decreased (with Z values of -3.99 and -4.12, respectively, P<0.01), and the scores of wound exudate amount of patients in povidone iodine group on the 7th and 10th days of dressing change were significantly decreased (with Z values of -3.54 and -3.93, respectively, P<0.01). The score of wound granulation tissue growth of patients in hypochloric acid group on the 10th day of dressing change was significantly higher than that in povidone iodine group (Z=2.02, P<0.05). Compared with those before the first dressing change, the scores of wound granulation tissue growth of patients in hypochloric acid group on the 7th and 10th days of dressing change were significantly increased (with Z values of -3.13 and -3.67, respectively, P<0.01), and the scores of wound granulation tissue growth of patients in povidone iodine group on the 7th and 10th days of dressing change were significantly increased (with Z values of -3.12 and -3.50, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusions: Hypochloric acid can kill Escherichia coli both in free and biofilm status. Hypochloric acid at a low concentration shows a rapid bactericidal effect on mature Escherichia coli biofilm, and the higher the concentration of hypochloric acid, the better the bactericidal effect. The hypochloric acid of 100 μg/mL is effective in reducing the bacterial load on wounds with Escherichia coli infection in patients, as evidenced by a reduction in wound exudate and indirect promotion of granulation tissue growth, which is more effective than povidone iodine, the traditional topical antimicrobial agent.

Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of spine trauma in the epidemic of COVID-19 / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Outbreak of COVID-19 is ongoing all over the world. Spine trauma is one of the most common types of trauma and will probably be encountered during the fight against COVID-19 and resumption of work and production. Patients with unstable spine fractures or continuous deterioration of neurological function require emergency surgery. The COVID-19 epidemic has brought tremendous challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. To coordinate the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease prevention and spine trauma so as to formulate a rigorous diagnosis and treatment plan and to reduce the disability and mortality of the disease, multidisciplinary collaboration is needed. This expert consensus is formulated in order to (1) prevent and control the epidemic, (2) diagnose and treat patients with spine trauma reasonably, and (3) reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and medical personnel during the treatment.

Effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets in treating rheumatoid arthritis:a systematic review and Meta-analysis / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets extract in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis( RA). Clinical trials of treating rheumatoid arthritis with Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets published by Meta-analysis were retrieved from EMbase,PubMed,Clinical Trials,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM and Chi CTR,and comprehensively analyzed. A total of 3 studies were enrolled,the modified Sharp score( m TSS),tender join joint erosions( JE) and joint space narrowing( JSN) of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets group were significant superior to those of control group,including positive drugs methotrexate( MTX) and salazopyridine( SSZ)( P<0. 01). Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets had an effect in treating RA. Due to the small sample size,this study shall be verified with high-quality,large-sample-size double-blinded RCTs.

Immune cell trafficking and dynamic immunity / 中国免疫学杂志

Immune cell trafficking is a fundamental feature and common phenomenon in immunity. The dynamic trafficking of immune cells and interactions among immune cells and microenvironmental stromal cells underlie various immune events and play important roles for immune development and function. In this review,the major and representative progresses in this field in recent years were summarized and discussed.

Isolation, culture and identification of New Zealand white rabbit talar chondrocytes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Based on the previous studies,the New Zealand rabbit talar chondrocyts were isolated,cultured and identified in vitro.OBJECTIVE:To explore the isolation,culture and identification of New Zealand rabbit talar chondrocyts in vitro.METHODS:The chondrocyts were isolated from the talar cartilage of New Zealand white rabbits by type Ⅱ collagen enzyme digestion,and then cultured in vitro.The cells were identified by inverted phase contrast microscope,toluidine blue staining and collagen type Ⅱ immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the inverted phase contrast microscope,most of passaged chondrocytes presented with polygonal or triangle shape and had round or oval nuclei.Toluidine blue staining showed the hyacinthine chondrocytes and blue cellular matrix.Collagen type Ⅱ immunohistochemical staining showed that the chondrocytes appeared with brown granules in the cytoplasm and membrane.To conclude,a system that can isolate,culture and identify talar chondrocytes from New Zealand rabbits is successfully established.Talar chondrocytes at passages 1-3 grow well and have stable biological properties.

Effect of water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with molluscicide to control Oncomelania hupensis snails in rivers connecting with Yangtze River in Pukou District,Nanjing City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with mollus-cicide to control Oncomelania hupensis snails in the rivers connecting with the Yangtze River. Methods The water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects of Zhujiashan River,Qili River and Gaowang River were chosen as the study objects in Pukou District,Nanjing City. The data review method and field investigation were used to evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with molluscicide to control O. hupensis snails. Results After the projects of the wa-ter level control and concrete slope protection and mollusciciding were implemented,the snails in the project river sections were completely eliminated. The snail diffusion did not happen in the inland irrigation area too. In the outside of the river beach , though the snails still existed,the snail densities plunged below 1.0 snail per 1.0 m2. Conclusion The comprehensive mea-sures of the combination of water level control,concrete slope protection and mollusciciding can effectively control and eliminate the snails,and prevent the snails from spreading.

Significance of blood serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the significance of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 (OH)D3) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by comparing the differences of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy people.Methods One hundred and forty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as the T2DM group,and 135 healthy people were selected as the normal control (NC) group.The level of serum 25 (OH) D3 was detected by ELISA.Clinical data were recorded and biochemical indexes were also detected.Statistical analysis was performed.Results (1) Serum 25 (OH) D3 level in T2DM group was low,but there was no significant difference between two groups((23.10 ± 1.59) μg/L vs.(23.11 ± 1.65) μg/L; t =0.064,P =0.949),as well as between men and women in the 2 populations (T2DM men vs.women(23.22 ± 1.54) μg/L vs.(22.95 ± 1.65) μg/L; t =0.209,P ＞0.05; NC men vs women(23.03 ± 1.73) μg/L vs.(23.18 ± 1.59) μg/L; t =0.436,P ＞0.05) ; (2)The prevalence of vitamin D insufficient and deficiency in T2DM group was high,but it was not statistically significant between two groups (98.0％ vs.94.8 ％ and 2.0％ vs.5.2％ ; x2 =2.034,P =0.154) ; (3) Serum 25 (OH) D3 in T2DM group has a significant negative correlation with triglycerides (r =-0.218,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion (1) Vitamin D level was low in both the healthy and T2DM populations in the southern region of China,the prevalence of vitamin D insufficient and deficiency was up to 90％.(2)Triglyceride is the only independent risk factor to T2DM population.

Application of vacuum sealing drainage in open ankle fracture and dislocation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate therapeutic effects of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of soft tissue defect combined with tendon and bone exposure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2007 to February 2011, 397 patients (412 feet) with open ankle fracture and dislocation combined with soft tissue defected were treated by VSD. There were 301 males and 96 females with an average age of 36 years (ranging age from 20 to 73 years). According to AO classification, 74 feet were type I, 211 feet were type II, 108 feet were type III and 19 feet were type IV. The mean time from injury to operation was 5.6 h ( 2 to 12 h). The mean treatment time of was 10 months (4 to 19 months).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and forty-one patients were primarily healed, 97 patients were sutured at stage II. Split-thick skin grafting was performed at stage II was performed in 103 patients; free flap transplantation was performed in 25 patients. Three of the 34 patients with infection were removed steel plate; Eviscerate flap coverage wound was performed in 14 patients caused by the first metatarsal bone exposure; Toe amputation were performed in 22 cases caused by toes necrosis. Tarsometatarasl joints perforators' surgery was performed in 10 patients with forefeet necrosis. Thirty hundred and six patients were followed up from 3 to 20 months (averaged 10 months). The wounds healed well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VSD for soft tissue defects caused by ankle injury is a simple and effective method, but can not replace debridement and transfer flap.</p>

Posteromedial approach for the treatment of distal tibial fractures accompanying with anterior soft tissue injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical results of distal tibia fractures accompanying with anterior soft tissue injury by posteromedial approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2008 to August 2010,31 patients (21 males and 10 females, ranged in age from 24 to 68 years with an average of 46 years) with distal tibia fractures accompanying with anterior soft tissue injury were treated with open reduction and internal fixation through posteromedial approach. Of the 31 cases, 14 cases were open fractures (including 5 cases Gustilo-Anderson type I, 5 type II, 2 type III A, and 2 type III B) and 17 cases were closed fractures (including 3 cases Tcherne-Oestern type I, 12 type II, 2 type III). According to typing of AO, type 43A were in 26 cases and type 43C1 were in 5 cases. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, AOFAS ankle score, and complications were recorded to evaluate clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 21 months. The mean operation time was 70 min (ranged, 40 to 110 min) and the mean blood loss was 100 ml (ranged, 50 to 200 ml). Average healing time for closed fractures was 13 weeks (ranged, 10 to 18 weeks), while open fractures was 19 weeks (ranged, 15 to 29 weeks). Cross-foot of 40 occurred in 1 case and pes valgus of 30 in 1 case at final follow-up; and AOFAS ankle scores were from 69 to 100 with an average of 88.4 +/- 9.7. Of them, 10 cases obtained excellent results, 17 good, 4 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Postermedial approach is an effective method for distal tibia fractures especially accompanying with local soft tissue injury or bad skin condition.</p>

Radiological studies on the best entry point and trajectory of anterior cervical pedicle screw in the lower cervical spine / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the best entry point and trajectory of anterior cervical screw in the cervical screw by radiological studies, and provide reference for clincal application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2008 to December 2010,50 patients were scanned by cervical CT and confirmed no obvious defect of lower cervical spine. Of them, 27 cases were males and 23 were females, ranged the age from 38 to 83 years ( mean 58.5 years). On horizontal axis, the camber angle of C3-C7 anterior lower cervical pedicle of vertebral arch axis (alpha) and distance between (axial length, AL) of anterior cervical pedicle axial line was measured from C3 to C7. Vertebral were divided into four areas, and from measured side of pedicle of vertebral began to record, orderly 1 to 4, the area of pedicle vertebral arch intersert into vertebral were recorded. On sagittal view, the head or tail angle (beta) and length (sagittal length, SL) of anterior cervical pedicle axial line was also measured from C3 to C7. Vertebral were divided into four areas, and from measured side of pedicle of vertebral began to record, orderly 1 to 4, the area of pedicle vertebral arch arch intersert into vertebral were recorded. The above data were statistically analyzed to find the best entry point and trajectory of anterior cervical screw in the cervical screw and insert pedicle screw.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lateral angle of lower cervical spine was 38 degrees to 45 degrees on transverse plane, C3 to C5 increasing gradually, C5 to C7 decreasing. On sagittal view, C3,C4 pedicle were head tulting, C5 were basic level, C6,C7 were tail. C3 to C5 decreasing gradually, C5 to C7 increasing gradually. C3 to C7 in AL and SL increased gradually. On horizontal axis, the intersection of C3,C4 and C5 were in the second area, the number of C6 in the second and third area were the same, but C7 were in the third area. The intersection in the first and forth area were less. On sagittal view,the intersection of C3,C4 and C5 were in the first area,the number of C6 in third and forth area were less. Six pedicle screws of 3 cases were insert into lower cervical spine, and obtained good effects, no complications occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The best entry point of C3,C4 and C5 were located in the center line and slightly to opposite vertebral body side and upper 1/4 area; C7 were located the vertebral body side and upper 2/4 area; C6 were located between them. The best insertion point were extraversion 38 degrees to 45 degrees, C3 to C5 increased graduallly, C5 to C7 decreased on horizontal axis; On sagittal view, C3,C4 for head 5 degrees to 10 degrees, C5 were basic level, C6,C7 for tail 5 degrees to 10 degrees. The anterior cervical pedicle screw for lower cervial spine is a good and feasible internal fixation.</p>

Case-control study on minimally invasive percutaneous locking compression plate internal fixation for the treatment of type II and III pilon fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical efficacy of delayed open reduction and internal fixation with minimally invasive percutaneous locking compression plate for the treatment of type II and III Pilon fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to September 2009, 32 patients with type II and III Pilon fractures were treated with open reduction and anatomic plate fixation (AP group) and minimally invasive percutaneous locking compression plate osteosynthesis (LCP group). There were 11 males and 6 females in AP group, with an average age of (37.4 +/- 13.3) years (ranged, 19 to 55 years). And there were 10 males and 5 females in LCP group, with an average age of (34.6 +/- 11.3) years(ranged, 21 to 56 years). The operating time, fracture healing time, aligned angulation and ankle function were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the during ranged from 12 to 25 months, with a mean of (15.0 +/- 1.7) months. The average operation time was (76.5 +/- 8.3) min for AP group and (58.3 +/- 3.4) min for LCP group; the average time of fracture healing was (20.5 +/- 0.4) weeks for AP group and (15.7 +/- 0.2) weeks for LCP group; the total angulation between anterior posterior film and lateral film was averaged (6.6 +/- 0.5) degrees for AP group and (3.6 +/- 0.2) degrees for LCP group. As to above index, the results of LCP group were better than those of AP group (P < 0.05). According to Kofoed criteria for ankle joint, the results of LCP group were better than those of AP group in ankle joint pain, wakling and ankle joint function (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of minimally invasive percutaneous locking compression plate internal fixation is effective in the treatment of Pilon fracture with less invasion, faster bone union, more stabilized fixation, quicker recovery of ankle function and fewer complications, which is more advantaged for type II and III Pilon fractures.</p>

Evaluation of the surgical treatment of Lisfranc injuries / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical results of surgical treatment for Lisfranc fracture-dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to September 2009, 57 patients with Lisfranc injuries were treated by surgical operation included 41 males and 16 females with an average age of 33.8 years old ranging from 20 to 64 years. According to Myerson's classification, there were 31 cases of middle column injuries, 15 cases of medial-middle column injuries and 11 cases of three-column injuries. Among them, 25 patients accepted the emergency operation (<24 hours) and 32 patients were treated in average 7 days (3 to 11 days) after injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the wounds were healed primarily with a mean operative time of 50 min (30 to 70 min). All patients were followed up for 4 to 70 months (averaged 35 months). The total AOFAS scores (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) was in averaged of(84.73 +/- 14.26). All the patients returned to normal daily life after a mean time of 5.1 months (3 to 12 months). The average AOFAS scores of 52 anatomical reduction cases was (87.63 +/- 13.71), 5 non-anatomical reduction cases was (74.31 +/- 21.96), 26 multiple column trauma cases was (76.58 +/- 11.51). Complications of osteoarthritis occurred in 8 cases, confirming it was the main complication of these injuries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lisfranc injuries can be surgically treated well. Reduction of the middle column is the key to reestablishment the stability of the tarsometatarsal joint complex. The quality of the reduction correlated with treatment outcome.</p>

Study on the feasibility of posterior thoracic transarticular screw fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility and technical parameters of posterior transarticular screw fixation in the thoracic spine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Since September 2009 to December 2009, 20 thoracic cadaveric spines (12 males and 8 females) were dissected. The lateral masses and pedicles were exposed carefully. After the entrance point of transarticular screws was determined, posterior transarticular screws implantation was performed under direct visualization into T(1,2), T(5,6) and T(9,10). Then CT scan was performed. On the CT scan,the angle and length of the transarticular screw trajectory were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The thoracic transarticular screw trajectory were caudal tilting in the sagittal plane and lateral tilting in the coronal plane with successful placement. There was little differences between different segmental of thoracic vertebrae of the angle, but without significance (P > 0.5). The average angles of the screws were (52.6 +/- 5.9) degrees caudal tilting in the sagittal plane and (12.4 +/- 2.9)0 lateral tilting in the coronal plane. The average trajectory lengths were (22.5 +/- 1.9) mm. There was significant differences statistically among T(1,2), T(5,6) and T(9,10) (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Posterior transarticular screw fixation is feasible. Transarticular screw fixation in the thoracic spine affords an alternative to standard pedicle screw placement for thoracic stabilization.</p>

Proximal femoral nail for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical results of the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) system in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2006 to September 2009, 90 patients (40 males and 50 females, ranged in age from 64 to 95 years with an average of 73.2 years with unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures were surgically treated with PFNA. Fifty patients had the fractures in the right hip, and 40 patients had the fractures in the left hip. The fractures were classified according to the AO classification: 11 patients were type A2.1, 21 patients were type A2.2,25 patients were type A2.3 9 patients were type A3.1,6 patients were A3.2 and 18 patients were A3.3. The patients underwent surgery within a mean of 3.2 days(ranged,2 to 20.1 days) from injury. The mean hospital stay was 12.8 days(ranged,7 to 24 days). Closed reduction was achieved in all the patients. Harris hip score were used for the evaluation of clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operation time was 36.8 min (ranged, 23 to 110 min) and the mean blood loss was 150 mi (ranged, 100 to 500 ml). The mean follow-up period was 12 months (ranged, 6 to 24 months). All the patients had fracture union. Sixty-nine patients got excellent reduction, 14 good and 7 bad. The mean collodiaphysial angle was 135.60 (ranged, 1260 to 1470). Postoperative complications included secondary varus in 2 patients,calcification at the tip of the greater trochanter in 5 patients, medial thigh pain in 7 patients,and screw cut-out in 1 petient. Ten patients had femoral shortness (mean 9.3 mm,ranging from 8 to 14 mm). The mean Harris hip score was (80.5 +/- 9.8). According to Harris hip scores evaluation system, 26 patients reached an excellent result, 37 good, 18 poor and 9 bad.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Due to advantages of high union rate, short operation time, and early postoperative mobilization, PFNA osteosynthesis is an idea method for surgical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures.</p>

Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 in breast carcinoma by tissue microarray / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) in breast carcinoma tissues and to discuss its relationship with clinical pathological data of breast carcinoma patients. Methods: The tissue microarray for 171 cases of breast carcinoma specimens, 18 adjacent tissues and 20 breast benign lesions were established. Then the expression of SOCS2, ER, PR, cerbB2, p53 and Ki-67 was detected by tissue microarray technique and S-P immunohistochemistry. Results: Positive rates of the SOCS2 protein in the breast carcinoma specimens, adjacent tissues and breast benign lesion were 57.89% (99/ 171), 94.44% (17/18), and 75% (15/20), respectively. The expression of SOCS2 was significantly different in breast carcinoma tissues of different TNM classification, different histological grades, and with or without Ki-67 expression and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The lower expression of SOCS2 might contribute to oncogenesis of breast carcinoma and poor prognosis.

The prevention and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leakage following cervical spine surgery / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate curative effect of the prevention and treatment in cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CFL) after cervical surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records of 607 patients who underwent cervical surgery at our hospital from Feb. 2004 to Feb. 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Six patients complicated by CFL after surgery were enrolled, of which 4 males and 2 females, age for 47-75 years with an average of 60 years. Course of disease was from 6 months to 5 years. 4 cases occurred at 1-3 days after operation and 2 cases at 5 days. 2 cases were treated through latero-incision drainage, 2 cases continuous subarachnoid drainage, and 2 cases pressure dressing. Clinical outcomes of surgical management were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CFL of all the cases was stopped within 1-3 days after operation,and subarachnoid drainage lasted 10-14 days with an average volume of 320 ml. Three cases had headache, nausea and vomiting; 1 case suffered from somnolence and hyponatremia, and symptoms subsided after treatment. All patients were followed up with an average of 30 months. No cerebrospinal fluid cyst or wound infection were found. There was no significant effects on neuromuscular function recovery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Timely and correct surgical intervention and postoperative management have good results for CFL. If it is severe, latero-incision drainage and continuous subarachnoid drainage should be adopted.</p>

Two-axis parallel method for tibial lengthening by metaphyseal osteotomy / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the two-axis parallel method in bone lengthening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among 54 patients (male 28, female 26, mean age 22) who performed tibial lengthening by metaphyseal osteotomy using two-axis parallel method, 26 patients were poliomyelitis sequelae, 13 patients were inequality in limb length after trauma, 4 patients were achondroplasia, 6 patients were genetic short stature, 1 patient was maculatum disease complicated with leg length discrepancy, 4 patients were pituitary dwarfism.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up and the duration ranged from 18 months to 45 months, with an average of 24.5 months. All patients had bone lengthened. The maximum increase of limb length was 12 cm and the minimum increase was 5 cm, averaged 6.2 cm. One patient had foot drop, 2 patients had foot drop complicated with strephexopodia, 1 patient had serious pinhole infection, and 1 patient had delayed union of the bone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The two-axis parallel method tibial lengthening by metaphyseal osteotomy can reduce postoperative complications and simplify the operative procedure, which is an ideal method for bone lengthening.</p>

Study of Cajal interstitial cells in intestine of rats with liver cirrhosis / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the changes of Cajal interstitial cells(CIC) in the intestine of rats with liver cirrhosis, so as to study the mechanism of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were equally randomized into control group and cirrhosis model group. Cirrhosis model was established by CCl4 in rats. The intestinal motility changes were assayed using Dextran blue-2000 as an indicator. Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the distribution of c-kit positive CIC in jejunum of rats. Meanwhile, the ultrastructure of CIC was observed by electron microscope. Results: Compared with control group, the intestinal motility and the c-kit positive CIC in jejunum were both markedly decreased in model group(both P< 0.01). The CIC, with less organelles and dissovled cytoplasm, had decreased connections with other cells and damaged structure. Conclusion: The intestinal motility of rats with liver cirrhosis is significantly decreased, which may be associated with the changes of CIC number and ultrastructure in intestine.

Experimental Study of Cerebral White Matter Damage in Premature Rats Induced by Lipopolysaccharide / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of cerebral white matter damage in premature rats induced by intrauterine infection.Methods30 mature pregnant Wistar-Imamichi rats were divided into the experimental group (n=18) and control group (n=12). The rats of the experimental group were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 0.2 mg/kg in abdomen on 15th and 16th day after gestation. Those of the control group were injected with distilled water in equal volume. 45 premature rats born in the experimental group and 45 full-term rats born in the control group were tested with RIA for interleukin-6 (IL-6). The brain tissues of another 47 premature rats and 41 full-term rats were stained with HE method. Finally water content in brain tissue were tested in 50 premature rats and 50 full-term rats.ResultsIL-6 concentration of brain tissue of the premature rats in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01); and water content of the premature rats' brain was also higher than that of the full-term rats ( P<0.01). The edema of periventricular white matter, loose neuropil, decreased cell numbers, broaden intercellular space, and cell swelling and rupture were found in the brain tissue of the premature rats, no abnormal form and structure were found in the control group.ConclusionWhite matter damage of premature rats can be caused by endotoxin, and accompanied by IL-6 and water contents increasing.

Clinical study on effect of tuihuan decoction rectoclysis in hyperbilirubinemia of newborn / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effect and feasibility of rectoclysis with Tuihuang decoction (RTD) in treating hyperbilirubinemia of newborns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventy-five newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group. They were treated with western medicine plus double faced blue treatment while the treated group were given RTD additionally. Blood bilirubin was detected by micro-bilirubin detector daily during the treatment course. The time of jaundice regression, the speed of blood bilirubin reducing, liver function, and condition of rebounding were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 7-day curative rate of jaundice in the treated group was superior to that in the control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). The average speed of blood bilirubin reducing daily in the treated group was quicker than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The improvement of liver function, such as AST, ALT and gamma-GT in the treated group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.01). Rebound rate of blood bilirubin in the control group was significantly higher than that in the treated group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RTD is an ideal therapy for treatment of hyperbilirubinemia of newborn, it shows obvious clinical efficacy and can effectively prevent the rebound of blood bilirubin.</p>