Prevalence and associated factors of electronic screen exposure in preschool children in Longhua District, Shenzhen / 中国儿童保健杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the electronic screen exposure of preschool children in Longhua District of Shenzhen, and to analyze the influencing factors. 【Methods】 A total of 25 266 children in kindergarten in Longhua District of Shenzhen were selected as study subjects. A self-designed questionnaire (completed by their guardians) was used to investigate the use of electronic products in the families of preschoolers in April 2019. 【Results】 A total of 23 407 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey, of which 12 593 (53.80%) were boys and 10 814 (46.20%) were girls; and 17 188(73.43%) children were 5 years old. Among the surveyed children, the rate of excessive exposure to electronic screens (>1h/d) was 37.72%, and 6.40% of preschool children used electronic products for more than 2 hours per day. There were statistically significant differences between the excessive exposure group and the non-excessive exposure group in gender, household registration, parents′ educational level, average monthly household income, whether exclusive electronic products,whether restriction of children′s use of electronic products, whether living with elders, only children or not, and the type of main caregiver (P<0.05). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, mothers with college education or above,not living with elders,primary caregivers being parents or nannies/others,and no exclusive electronic products were protective factors for children′s excessive exposure to electronic products(P<0.05).Non-household resident population,not-only child,and non-restriction of children′s use of electronic products were risk factors for children′s excessive exposure to electronic products(P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The excessive use of electronic products in preschoolers is a common phenomenon in Longhua district, Shenzhen. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the intervention on the use time of electronic products in preschoolers, and pay more attention to the influence of family environmental factors.

Relationship between parenting styles and conduct problems in 3-year-old preschool children / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the role of different parenting styles plays in conduct problems of 3-years-old preschool children.Methods Participants were from 148 preschools in Longhua Shenzhen,China.A structured questionnaire covering family demographic characteristics,Conners' Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran-Parents (EMBU-P) were conducted among primary caregivers of each child.There were 9289 valid participants in the analysis and logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between three dimensions of parenting (rejection,emotional warmth and control/overprotection) and conduct problems.Results After allowing for certain confounders,parental rejection (OR =1.17,P＜0.01) and control/overprotection (OR =1.03,P＜0.01) was positively associated with conduct problems and emotional warmth was negatively related to conduct problems (OR=0.98,P＜0.01).Stratified analysis showed a significant relationship between conduct problems and both parents' rejection (OR father=1.16,P＜0.01;OR motber=1.17,P＜0.01),father's emotional warmth (OR=0.96,P＜0.01) and mother's control/overprotection (OR=1.04,P＜0.01).This relationship did not vary between boys and girls and between single and not single children.Conclusion Influence of parenting should be taken into consideration in the prevention and intervention of conduct problems.

Addictive tendency of internet and its influence factors among adolescents in Longhua District of Shenzhen / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the addictive tendency of internet and its influence factors among adolescents in Longhua District of Shenzhen. Methods A total of 6552 Students were selected from Longhua District of Shenzhen us?ing randomly stratified cluster sampling method. They were inquired about their gender, grade, family type, behaviors of surfing internet, risk behaviors, and internet addiction tendency with a self-report structured questionnaire and the adoles?cent pathological internet use scale (APIUS). Results The prevalence of addictive tendency of internet was 9.0%(590/6552) among adolescents in Longhua District of Shenzhen. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the addic?tive tendency of internet was significantly and positively associated with male (OR=1.32, P<0.05), living in Minzhi area (OR=1.66, P<0.01), secondary school stage (OR=1.62, P<0.01), uncomplete family type (OR=1.49, P<0.01), surfing in cy?bercafé frequently (OR=2.00, P<0.01), compared with surfing 0~2 h/d, surfing 2~4 h/d (OR=1.92,P<0.01), 4~5 h/d (OR=2.97, P<0.01) or more than 6 h/d (OR=4.90, P<0.01), playing games (OR=3.27, P<0.01), chatting (OR=2.80, P<0.01) or having other kinds of entertaining (OR=2.80, P<0.01), and having risky behaviors (OR=2.39, P<0.01). Conclusion The addictive tendency of internet is affected by multiple factors among adolescents in Longhua District of Shenzhen. There?fore, comprehensive intervention measures shall be used to regulate adolescents habits of using internet and prevent them from the internet addiction.

Interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on autism spectrum disorder behaviors in children aged 3 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behaviors.Methods Children aged about 3 years were enrolled at kindergarten entrance in Longhua district of Shenzhen in 2014.Self-administered questionnaires were completed by their primary caregivers and the information about children' s age,gender,history of preterm birth and low birth weight,parents' education level,parents' reproductive age and family income were collected.The children ASD behaviors were assessed with Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC).According to the cut point of ABC,the children were divided into normal group with score less than 31,sub-clinical group with score ranging from 31 to 61 and suspect clinical group with score no less than 62.After controlling for potential confounders,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the main effects and the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children ASD behaviors.Results Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.48;suspect clinical group:OR=2.85),and maternal folic acid supplement during pregnancy was not related to children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.04;suspect clinical group:OR=0.75).Stratified analysis showed that folic acid supplement during pregnancy was negatively associated with children ASD behaviors (suspect clinical group:OR=0.30) among children without mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy,and that mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy was positively associated with children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.52;suspect clinical group:OR=4.45) among the children whose mothers had folic acid supplement during pregnancy.Furthermore,an interaction effect on children ASD behaviors was found between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy (suspect clinical group:OR=5.30).Conclusion Passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy were related to children ASD behaviors and had an interaction on children ASD behaviors.

Interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on autism spectrum disorder behaviors in children aged 3 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behaviors.Methods Children aged about 3 years were enrolled at kindergarten entrance in Longhua district of Shenzhen in 2014.Self-administered questionnaires were completed by their primary caregivers and the information about children' s age,gender,history of preterm birth and low birth weight,parents' education level,parents' reproductive age and family income were collected.The children ASD behaviors were assessed with Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC).According to the cut point of ABC,the children were divided into normal group with score less than 31,sub-clinical group with score ranging from 31 to 61 and suspect clinical group with score no less than 62.After controlling for potential confounders,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the main effects and the interaction between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy on children ASD behaviors.Results Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.48;suspect clinical group:OR=2.85),and maternal folic acid supplement during pregnancy was not related to children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.04;suspect clinical group:OR=0.75).Stratified analysis showed that folic acid supplement during pregnancy was negatively associated with children ASD behaviors (suspect clinical group:OR=0.30) among children without mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy,and that mothers' passive smoking during pregnancy was positively associated with children ASD behaviors (sub-clinical group:OR=1.52;suspect clinical group:OR=4.45) among the children whose mothers had folic acid supplement during pregnancy.Furthermore,an interaction effect on children ASD behaviors was found between passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy (suspect clinical group:OR=5.30).Conclusion Passive smoking and folic acid supplement during pregnancy were related to children ASD behaviors and had an interaction on children ASD behaviors.