The construction of human prostate specific homeobox gene NKX3.1 eukaryotic expression vector and preliminary study on the biological function of NKX3.1 / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the basic biological functions of NKX3.1 with construction of a series of eukaryotic expression vector of NKX3.1 to study its effects on cell cycle and apoptosis.Methods The full-length reading frames (ORF) of NKX3.1 was amplified from normal human prostate tissue with polymerase chain reaction (PCR),the ORF was cloned into T vector,and then NKX3.1 was cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+) and pcDNA3.1 (-) with this T vector as template.NKX3.1 in pEGFP C1 was transfected into PC3 cell line,and C1 pEFP was taken as control to observe the localization of NKX3.1 in cells.At the same time,NKX3.1 in pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA3.1 were transfected into PC3 cells and the cells were collected after 24 ～48 hours to detect cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry.Results The eukaryotic expression vector of NKX3.1 was constructed successfully.Fluorescent protein was ocated in the nucleus after transfection of NKX3.1 in pEGFP C1,but pEGP C1 was both expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm.There was significant effect on the early apoptosis (P＜0.01),but no effect on the cell cycle (P ＞ 0.05) after transfection of NKX3.1 compared to PC3 cell-transfected with empty vector of pcDNA3.1.Conclusions The result data suggest that NKX3.1 be nuclear protein and have effect on the early apoptosis of PC3 cell line based on the construction of eukaryotic expression vector.

Erectile function evaluation after adult circumcision / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the erectile function of adults after circumcision.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninty-five patients were investigated on erectile function by questionnaire before and after circumcision, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighteen patients suffered from mild erectile dysfunction before circumcision, and 28 suffered from mild or moderate erectile dysfunction after circumcision(P = 0.001). Adult circumcision appeared to have resulted in weakened erectile confidence in 33 cases(P = 0.04), difficult insertion in 41 cases(P = 0.03), prolonged intercourse in 31 cases(P = 0.04) and improved satisfaction in 34 cases(P = 0.04).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adult circumcision has certain effect on erectile function, to which more importance should be attached.</p>

Expression and significance of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule(ALCAM) protein in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma, and the relationship between ALCAM expression and clinicopathological features of prostatic carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ALCAM protein expression was evaluated in the tissues of 41 human prostatic carcinomas by using immunohistochemistry (EnVision method).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ALCAM was widely expressed in prostatic epithelia. Overexpression of ALCAM was found in most prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias and low-grade cancers, whereas a decreased expression shown in some high-grade cancers. The ALCAM protein expression in prostatic carcinoma was correlated with pathological grading. However, no correlation of ALCAM expression was found with preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen levels or clinical stages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Expression of ALCAM is disturbed in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma, indicating its involvement in the development of human prostatic carcinoma.</p>

Clinical significance of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate expressed in prostatic carcinoma / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) expression and the histologic grading of prostatic carcinoma (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Different prostatic tissues and non-prostatic tumors, 131 cases of PCa, 164 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and 56 cases of non-prostatic malignancies, were analyzed for the expression of STEAP by using STEAP monoclonal antibody and SP immunohistochemical staining. The positive area unit (PU) was introduced to describe the intensity of STEAP expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prostatic tissues of all but 3 cases of PCa and 5 cases of BPH were stained positively, while all of the non-prostatic tumors were stained negatively. There was a significant negative correlation between the STEAP expression and the histologic grading of PCa.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>STEAP can be a prognostic marker of PCa and a potential therapeutic target in PCa.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in the male genital system / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into and improve the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in the male genital system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen patients with the male genital system TB established by microbiological and pathological examinations were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male genital system TB was diagnosed by history, physical examination, semen analysis, TB culture and biopsy. Treatment consisted of antituberculous chemotherapy for all the patients before and/or after operation, including 5 cases of epididymectomy and 6 cases of orchi-epididymectomy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The male genital system TB tends to be atypical and semen polymerase chain reaction of TB (TB-PCR) may provide a new specific means for diagnosis in case of clinical suspicion. Surgical approaches should be cautiously adopted, especially for young patients.</p>

Studies on sex hormone-binding globulin in the prostate / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assay the existence of SHBG in prostatic tissue and analyze the effects of SHBG on the prostate and prostatic hyperplasia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Prostate tissue cytosolic and nuclear fractions were obtained from 32 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 11 cases of elderly control, and 22 cases of the normal young and middle-aged. SHBG in cytosol and nucleus was evaluated by two-site immunoradiometric assay based on the 125I-labelled monoclonal antibody.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study testified the existence of SHBG in the cytosol of prostatic tissue. SHBG in BPH tissue [(5.11 +/- 1.37) fmol/g wet tissue] was a little more than that in the young and middle-aged group [(4.98 +/- 1.39) fmol/g wet tissue] and the elderly group [(5.06 +/- 1.27) fmol/g wet tissue], but there was no significance among the three groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SHBG in the prostate can bind and accumlate androgen, which is related to prostatic physiology and contributes to the etiology of BPH.</p>

Establishment of the animal model of induced high-cholesterol-atherosclerotic erectile dysfunction and the mechanisms of atherosclerotic erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the animal model of atherosclerotic erectile dysfunction induced by high-cholesterol diet and explore the mechanisms of atherosclerotic erectile dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male rabbits were divided into two groups randomly: normal diet (ND) group (n = 10) and high-cholesterol (HCH) group fed with 1.5% cholesterol diet (n = 20). Serum total cholesterol, plaque areas of the ascending aorta, the ratio of intima/media thickness and level of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) mRNA expression of internal pudendal artery were determined after twelve weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After twelve weeks, all rabbits of the HCH group got hyperlipemia, 9 of which presented typical atherosclerosis (ATH). The rate of atherosclerosis induced by high-cholesterol diet was 52.9%. Serum total cholesterol levels of the ATH and HCH groups were higher than that of the ND group (P<0.01). The penile erection times and rate in the ATH and HCH groups decreased significantly, compared with the ND group (P<0.01). Both the ratio of intima/media thickness and the level of VCAM-1 mRNA expression of internal pudendal artery in the ATH group were higher than those in the HCH and ND groups (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is easy, prectuable and reliable to establish the animal model of atherosclerotic erectile dysfunction induced by high-cholesterol diet. And one of the main causes of atherosclerotic erectile dysfunction is hypercholesterolemia, which through VCAM-1 may induce the structural and functional modifications of the endothelium of the internal pudendal artery and make the corpus cavernosum ischemia.</p>

Diagnosis of seminal duct system diseases by percutaneous vasography (a report of 70 cases) / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of percutaneous vasography in the diagnosis of the disorders of the seminal duct system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Percutaneous vasography was performed successfully in 63 male patients (24 cases of infertility, and 21 hemospermia, 16 chronic prostatitis, and prostate carcinoma) from November 1974 to December 2003.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Vasography revealed abnormal ducts in 28 and disorders in 38 (60.3%), including 8 cases of sterility, 13 seminal vesiculitis, 16 chronic prostatitis 5 seminal vesical cyst, and 2 prostate carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Percutaneous vasography is an effective method to identify diseases of the seminal vesical and ductal system.</p>

Incidental renal cell carcinoma: analysis of 109 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics, diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of incidental renal cell carcinoma(RCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>109 cases of incidental RCC treated in 20 years were analyzed retrospectively and compared with 247 cases of non-incidental RCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age, sex and side between incidental RCC and non-incidental RCC were not significant (P > 0.05). Compared to the non-incidental RCC,the diameter of incidental RCC [(4.1 +/- 1.7) cm] was smaller and its stage was lower (P < 0.01). Ultrasonography and CT can improve the detection rate of incidental RCC significantly, and operation is more effective for incidental RCC than for non-incidental RCC (P < 0.01). The 3 and 5 year cancer specific survival rates in patients with incidental RCC were higher than those of non-incidental RCC(P < 0.01). The detection rate of incidental RCC was higher from 1990 to 1999 (39.3%) than from 1980 to 1989 (15.6%) (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Incidental RCC is not another type of RCC, but a developing stage of RCC without appearance of a symptoms. Ultrasonography and CT are important to diagnose incidental RCC. Low pathological stage, small size, early diagnosis, and radical nephrectomy indicate better prognosis of incidental RCC.</p>

Expression profile and significance of homeobox gene NKX3.1 in primary prostate cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that NKX3.1 is prostate-specific homeobox gene,and it may play an important role in the development of prostatic carcinoma.It is shown that analysis of the expression of NKX3.1 in prostatic carcinoma will benefit the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic carcinoma.

Diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion (report of 39 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To improve the levels of diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion. Methods The clinical data of 39 cases of testicular torsions were summarized and analyed.All the 39 cases had the essential clinical symptom of colic in testis,and 20 cases had the positive Prehn's sign.Eight cases underwent out examination of radionuclide imaging of scrotum,which showed unilateral defect of radionuclide distribution.The 8 cases were all diagnosed as testicular torsions.B-ultrasound showed that the positions of testis and epididymis were changed in scrotum and the blood supply in testis was reduced clearly or disappeared. Results Five cases who received operation within 12 hours from attack time had testicles survival.Of 5 cases who had operation within 12 to 24 hours from attack time 3 had testicles survival.Of 27 cases who had operation more than 24 hours from attack time only 6 had testicles survival.Two cases had no operation. Conclusions It is helpful to get diagnosis for early testicular torsion by Radionuclide imaging of scrotum and B-ultrasound are helpful to make diagnosis of early testicular torsion.Early diagnosis and timely treatment are key of improving therapeutic effect.

Study of ultrastructure of acrosome in infertile male with SEM / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of male infertility. Methods Forty sperms from 8 normal males as control and 60 sperms from 12 males with infertility were observed by SEM.The ultrastructure of acrosomes was analyzed and compared. Results Spermatozoa with obscure ringed rips in infertile group acounted for 66.7%(40/60),serrate 65.0%(39/60);but in control group,the proportions were 10.0 % (4/40) and 5.0%(2/40),respectively.The ratios of acrosome to head in infertile group were ( 70.0 ?8.0)%,greater than controls (57.7?6.4)%.The ratios of acrosome membrane which was not intact were 70.0%(42/60) in infertile group and 22.5%(9/40) in control group.Acrosomes with rough surface were 68.3%(41/60) and 20.0%(8/40) respectively in the 2 groups;Acrosomes with particles adhesive to the surface were 65.0%(39/60) and 27.5%(11/40) respectively. Conclusions Abnormal acrosome structure is one of the causes of male infertility.

Retrocaval ureter (report of 21 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To present the experience of diagnosis and treatment of 21 cases of retrocaval ureter. Methods 21 cases of retrocaval ureter were retrospectively analysed. Results The main clinical symptom was right waist pain in 20 cases,4 of them with typical renal colic.8 cases had gross hematuria and calculus in the renal pelvis.1 case was void of symptom.The diagnosis of the disease depended mainly on intravenous urography (IVU) and retrograde ureteropyelography (RGU).IVU and RGU showed a "S" shaped upper ureteral segment with dilatation. Ureteral replacement and ureteroplasty were carried out in 20 cases which have been followed up from 2 months to 28 years with an average of 13 years.The symptom disappeared in 19 cases,with hydronephrosis and hydroureter significantly reduced on IVU and ultrasonography.1 case underwent ureteral reanastomosis because of stenosis at anastomosis site. Conclusions In patients with hydronephrosis and hydroureterosis of upper segment on the right side,the possibility of retrocaval ureter should be considered.Intravenous urography and retrograde ureteropyelography are the main means of diagnosis.Ureteral replacement and ureteroplasty are the treatment of choice.

Effect of RNA interference on HIF-2 in the renal cancer cell line 786-0 / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study the effect of RNA interference on hypoxia-inducible factor-2(HIF-2) in the renal cell cancer in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: HIF-2 RNAi was synthesized and inserted into RNA interference eukaryotic expression vector which was confirmed by sequencing.The vector was transfected into the renal cancer cell 786-0 and positive clone was selected by using G418.The HIF-2 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method.The growth of cells was measured by MTT method.Nude mouse xenograft assays were also done.RESULTS: Compared with empty vector group and control group,the amounts of HIF-2 mRNA and protein expression were lower in the HIF-2 RNAi group,the difference was significant(P