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Objectives To explore the correlation between the heteroplasmy level of mt5178C＞A mutation in ND2 gene of mitochondria DNA and essential hypertension(EH)in middle-aged and elderly adults.Methods EH patients and normotensive controls were recruited consecutively from 2014-2015 from general population.Demographics,clinical characteristics and blood leukocytes were collected.The mt5178C＞A mutation heteroplasmy level was quantified by the rapid and sensitive realtime polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method for each participant.Results A total of 108 EH patients and 109 controls were recruited.The mt5178C＞A mutation heteroplasmy level was(42 ± 11％)in EH patients and (54± 13)％ in control subjects,with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.01).Using a two-step cluster analysis,the mt5178C＞A heteroplasmy level exceeding 44％ was associated with a decreased risk of EH(OR=0.18,95％,CI:0.10-0.31,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed mt5178C＞ A heteroplasmy level was significantly negatively correlated with both systolic blood pressure (r =-0.38,P＜ 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r =-0.49,P＜ 0.01)in 109 controls.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in single-factor analysis,mt5178C ＞ A heteroplasmy level (OR =0.82,95 ％ CI:0.77 0.87,P ＜ 0.01) was protective factor for EH,however,BMI(OR=1.30,95％CI:1.12-1.45,P＜0.01),total cholesterol(OR=2.13,95％CI:1.39-3.28,P=0.00),triglyceride(OR=7.62,95％CI:3.45-16.84,P＜0.01)and blood urea nitrogen(OR =1.35,95 ％ CI,P =0.03) were risk factors for EH.And a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that mt5178C＞ A heteroplasmy level (OR =0.83,95 ％ CI:0.78-0.89,P＜ 0.01) was independent protective factor for E H,however,only total cholesterol (OR =2.17,95 ％ CI:1.58-2.98,P =0.02) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR =0.06,95％ CI:0.01-0.83,P =0.04) were independent risk factors for EH,and the P at critical 0.05 value.Conclusions Mitochondrial ND2 gene 5178C＞ A mutation heteroplasmy level exerts protective role against EH in middle-aged and elderly adults in Chinese population.
RESUMO
Flocculent gene FLO1 and its truncated form FLO1c with complete deletion of repeat unit C were expressed in a non-flocculent industrial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae CE6 to generate recombinant flocculent strains 6-AF1 and 6-AF1c respectively. Both strains of 6-AF1 and 6-AF1c displayed strong flocculation and better cell growth than the control strain CE6-V carrying the empty vector under acetic acid stress. Moreover, the flocculent strains converted glucose to ethanol at much higher rates than the control strain CE6-V under acetic acid stress. In the presence of 0.6% (V/V) acetic acid, the average ethanol production rates of 6-AF1 and 6-AF1c were 1.56 and 1.62 times of that of strain CE6-V, while the ethanol production rates of 6-AF1 and 6-AF1c were 1.21 and 1.78 times of that of strain CE6-V under 1.0% acetic acid stress. Results in this study indicate that acetic acid tolerance and fermentation performance of industrial S. cerevisiae under acetic acid stress can be improved largely by flocculation endowed by expression of flocculent genes, especially FLO1c.