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Objective:To explore the risk factors of recurrence after resection of thigh soft tissue malignant tumors and the evaluation of the postoperative lower limb function.Methods:A total of 211 patients who underwent thigh soft tissue malignant tumor resection in the Department of Orthopaedics of the second affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University from May 2011 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 117 males and 94 females, aged 53 (43, 65) years. There were 59 cases of atypical/well-differentiated liposarcoma, 30 cases of other types of liposarcoma, 33 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 19 cases of fibrosarcoma, 12 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, 12 cases of leiomyosarcoma, 9 cases of synovial sarcoma, and 37 cases of others. The tumor involvement of muscle, bone, blood vessel, nerve tissue and intermuscular compartment, postoperative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score and recurrence were recorded. The relationship between anatomical structure and postoperative recurrence was analyzed by Cox logistic regression to determine risk factors; the cumulative recurrence rate of different compartment groups (medial compartment, anterior compartment, and posterior compartment) were compared; The Box plot was used to compare the postoperative function of patients with resection of different anatomical structures (e.g., vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, femur, etc.).Results:A total of 34 out of 211 patients relapsed, with a recurrence rate of 16.1%. The recurrence time ranged from 2.6 months to 91.6 months after operation, with a median recurrence time of 37.0 (18.2, 52.8) months. Three independent risk factors were found to be associated with recurrence, namely: pathological grade [ HR=3.86, 95% CI(1.75, 8.51)], involvement of vastus intermedius [ HR=3.05, 95% CI(1.53, 6.06)], and involvement of vastus medialis [ HR=3.17, 95% CI(1.56, 6.41)]. The recurrence rate of patients with anterior chamber tumor resection was 35.3%, which was higher than that of patients without tumor resection (16.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.020). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between patients with medial chamber tumor resection and patients without tumor resection ( P>0.05). The recurrence rate of patients with posterior compartment tumor resection was 12.3%, which was lower than that of unresectable patients (37.6%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.002).The postoperative MSTS score of 167 patients averaged 26±3.2 points (9-30 points). After intraoperative resection of part of the femur, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris, the patient's function was relatively poor [corresponding median MSTS score: 25 (23, 28), 26 (24 28), 26 (24,28), 26(24, 27)]. Conclusion:The risk factors for local recurrence after resection of thigh soft tissue malignant tumors include: pathological grade of the tumor, and whether the vastus intermedius or vastus medialis is involved. Anterior compartment tumors have a higher recurrence rate after surgery. If the tumor involves the above-mentioned anatomical structures, more attention should be paid to the risk of local recurrence after surgery.
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Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical effect of O-arm navigation mini-open burring for osteoid osteoma.Methods:Eighteen patients with osteoid osteoma were treated with O-arm guided grinding drill from June 2021 to May 2022, including 15 males and 3 females, the age was (18.4 ±10.9) years (range 2 to 44 years), and the course of disease ranged from 1 week to 3 years (mean 14.2 months). The lesions sites included 6 cases of proximal femur, 3 cases of distal femur, 4 cases of proximal tibia, 1 case of distal tibia, 2 cases of proximal fibula and 1 case of distal and proximal humerus. During the operation, the O-arm navigation was used to determine the location of the focus, the muscle and soft tissue was peeled off to the bone surface through a 1-4 cm small incision, the channel retractor was placed, and the burr was registered as a navigation recognition device to gradually remove the bone on the surface of the tumor nest, and the tumor nest was scraped with a curette for pathological examination; according to the navigation image, the focus was enlarged removed with burr and the grinding range was confirmed by the O-arm X-ray machine before the end of the operation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 15 months (mean 9.5 months). CT scans were performed before and after surgery for imaging comparison in order to figure out whether it had residual lesions or recurrence. The visual analogue score (VAS) of pain was used as a parameter for evaluating the clinical efficacy.Results:The operation time of 18 cases was 40-175 min, with an average of 89.3 min. The time required to establish navigation image was 18.0 ±4.1 min (range 13 ~ 22 min). The length of the incision was 2.7±1.1 cm (range 1-4 cm). All patients achieved complete curettage of the lesions, and osteoid osteoma was confirmed by pathology after operation. All the patients could move to the ground 24 hours after operation, and the pain was significantly relieved from 3 to 7 d after operation, and the pain almost disappeared 3 months after operation. The VAS score of 18 cases was 5.33±1.24 before surgery, 2.79±1.32 on the 3rd day, 1.86±1.21 on the 7th day, 0.86±0.93 on the 1st month, 0.33±0.48 on the 3rd month, and 0.09±0.29 on the 6th month after operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=58.50, P<0.001). There were no serious complications during and after operation, and the success rate of treatment (no recurrence of symptoms, no residual recurrence of imaging lesions, no serious complications after operation) was 100%. Conclusion:Treatment of osteoid osteoma with mini-open excision using burrs under the navigation of O-arm is a simple, safe, minimally invasive and efficient technique. Intraoperative precise positioning and the use of burr with navigation to remove a larger area than the tumor nest are the keys to successful treatment.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy of modified single-incision and traditional double-incision for flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer in the treatment of Myerson type III chronic Achilles tendon ruptures in the middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 106 patients with Myerson type III chronic Achilles tendon ruptures admitted to Ningbo No.6 Hospital from January 2015 to May 2021, including 54 males and 52 females; aged 48-82 years [(67.2±8.4)years]. Flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer was assigned to 60 patients using modified single-incision (modified single-incision group) and to 46 patients using traditional double-incision (traditional double-incision group). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss as well as American foot and ankle society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS), visual analogue score (VAS) before operation, at postoperative 12 months and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. Time to recover walking and self-care ability, and incidence of complications were compared as well.Results:All patients were followed up for 16-52 months [(37.4±9.5)months]. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were (51.6±7.4)minutes and (16.6±3.9)ml in modified single-incision group compared to (72.8±7.5)minutes and (32.9±5.2)ml in traditional double-incision group (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, FAOS and VAS between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). At postoperative 12 months and at the last follow-up, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and VAS were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05), but FAOS in modified single-incision group [(112.6±3.0)points, (114.4±3.1)points] was improved significantly compared with traditional double-incision group [(110.8±4.1)points, (112.7±4.3)points] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). At postoperative 12 months and at the last follow-up, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, FAOS and VAS in both groups were improved or decreased significantly compared with those before operation (all P<0.05). All patients recovered their pre-injury daily activities. The time to recover walking and self-care ability were (9.6±2.0)weeks and (12.7±1.7)weeks in modified single-incision group compared to (10.8±1.8)weeks and (13.7±1.9)weeks in traditional double-incision group (all P<0.01). In modified single-incision group, superficial incision infection ( n=1) was found and cured after oral antibiotics. In traditional double-incision group, superficial incision infection ( n=2), deep incision infection ( n=1), deep venous thrombosis ( n=1) and medial plantar nerve injury ( n=1) were found and cured after symptomatic internal medical therapy; claw toe deformity ( n=2) was found and relieved after wearing customized insoles and functional exercise. The incidence of complications was 1.7% (1/60) in modified single-incision group compared to 15.2% (7/46) in traditional double-incision group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:In contrast with traditional double-incision surgery, modified single-incision for flexor longus tendon transfer in the treatment of Myerson type III chronic Achilles tendon ruptures in the middle-aged and elderly patients has advantages such as shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, better functional recovery, faster postoperative recovery and less complications.
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Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly will seriously reduce their quality of life and life expectancy. For osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, spinal reconstruction is necessary, which should comprehensively consider factors such as the physical condition, fracture type, clinical characteristics and osteoporosis degree. While there lacks relevant clinical norms or guidelines on selection of spinal reconstruction strategies. In order to standardize the concept of spinal reconstruction for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, based on the principles of scientificity, practicality and progressiveness, the authors formulated the Clinical guideline for spinal reconstruction of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in elderly patients ( version 2022), in which suggestions based on evidence of evidence-based medicine were put forward upon 10 important issues related to the fracture classification, non-operative treatment strategies and surgical treatment strategies in spinal reconstruction after osteoporosis thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, hoping to provide a reference for clinical treatment.
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Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of dislocation after resection and reconstruction of tumors involving pelvic area II, and to try to propose intraoperative and postoperative techniques to prevent its occurrence.Methods:From March 2011 to March 2021, 122 patients with resection and reconstruction involving pelvic area II were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 17 had postoperative dislocation, 32 had pelvic area II, and 31 had pelvic area I+II. There were 40 cases in the pelvic area II+III, and 19 cases in the pelvic area I+II+III. There were 49 female patients and 73 male patients; the mean age was 47 years (9-73 years). The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score of lower extremity patients after reduction was evaluated, and the clinical characteristics of dislocation, such as dislocation direction, dislocation time and reduction method, were counted and analyzed, and feasible prevention measures were analyzed based on the imaging characteristics after resection and reconstruction. dislocation method.Results:Among the 122 patients, there were 17 cases of dislocation, and the dislocation rate was 13.7%. Among them, 12 cases were anterior dislocation, accounting for 70.6% of anterior dislocation; 5 cases were posterior dislocation, and the proportion of posterior dislocation was 29.4%, difference (χ 2=4.52, P=0.033). There were 12 cases of dislocation within 3 months after operation, accounting for 70.6%; 1 case of dislocation occurred in 5 months after operation, and the other 4 cases of dislocation occurred for more than one year. The MSTS score of the dislocation patients after reduction was 56.1±15.6% (20%-80%). Combined with postoperative imaging examinations, the feasible methods for preventing dislocation include: The anteversion angle of the acetabular cup can be appropriately reduced (0°-10°); The acetabular cup can be appropriately shifted to the rear of the rotation center; Appropriately reducing the anteversion angle of the femoral neck prosthesis, the combination of the three can reduce the occurrence of femoral-acetabular prosthesis impingement; at the same time, the affected limb is controlled in a neutral position with strict nail shoes after surgery to avoid the occurrence of external rotation. Conclusion:The dislocation after tumor resection and reconstruction in pelvic area II is mostly anterior dislocation. Postoperative CT scan of the pelvis shows that the space between the neck of the femoral stem prosthesis and the lower edge of the acetabulum is small, which is prone to impingement. If the anteversion angle of the acetabular cup is appropriately reduced, the acetabular prosthesis is appropriately displaced posteriorly, and the anteversion angle of the femoral neck is reduced by 5°, the possibility of femoral-acetabular impingement can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative dislocation.
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Objective:To retrospectively analyze the patients with spinal metastases who received surgical intervention and summarize the evolution of their clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical methods.Methods:The data of 703 patients with spinal metastases from January 2007 to December 2018 were collected retrospectively. There were 395 males (56.19%, 395/703) and 308 females (43.81%, 308/703) with an average age of 58.14±11.46 years (range 13-84 years). According to the degree of invasion and thoroughness of tumor resection, the surgical methods could be divided into minimally invasive surgery, decompression surgery, separation surgery, piecemeal resection and total en-bloc spondylectomy surgery. The operative methods were minimally invasive surgery in 89 cases (12.66%), decompression surgery in 96 cases (13.66%), separation surgery in 303 cases (43.10%), piecemeal resection in 182 cases (25.89%) and total en-bloc spondylectomy in 33 cases (4.69%). To analyze the trend of the clinical, pathological types and surgical treatment of patients with spinal metastases over the years, and determine the relevant factors affecting the decision-making of surgical methods by multivariate logistic regression.Results:The ratio of male to female was 1.28:1. 39.54% (278/703) of patients with single-segment involvement in 703 patients, 24.04% (169/703) of patients with double-segment metastasis and 36.42% (256/703) of patients with multi-segment metastasis. The most common type of primary tumor was lung cancer (34.57%, 243/703), followed by breast cancer (8.25%, 58/703), myeloma (8.11%, 57/703), gastrointestinal tumor (6.82%, 48/703) and renal malignant tumor (6.40%, 45/703). From 2007 to 2018, there was no significant difference in the percentage change of different age, gender and primary tumor source composition (age: χ 2=14.01, P=0.233; gender: χ 2=35.73, P=0.341; primary tumor: χ 2=120.09, P=0.074). The percentage of patients with sacrococcygeal metastasis decreased from 20.00% in 2008 to 1.89% in 2017 and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=8.09, P=0.005). The percentage of patients with multi-level metastasis increased from 26.67% in 2008 to 52.83% in 2017, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.23, P=0.007). The percentage of patients with minimally invasive surgery decreased from 25.00% in 2007 to 5.88% in 2018, and the percentage of patients with segmented resection decreased from 53.33% in 2008 to 10.29% in 2018. The proportion of the two surgical methods showed a significant downward trend, and the differences were statistically significant (minimally invasive surgery: χ 2=1.46, P=0.026; segmented resection surgery: χ 2=19.56, P<0.001). The percentage of patients undergoing separation surgery increased from 13.33% in 2008 to 64.71% in 2018, and the proportion of patients undergoing total en-bloc spondylectomy increased from 0 in 2007 to 10.29% in 2018. Both surgical methods showed a significant growth trend and the differences were statistically significant (separation surgery: χ 2=27.09, P<0.001; χ 2=4.16, P=0.042). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, metastatic site, number of metastatic segments, pathological vertebral fractures, Frankel grade, SINS score and VAS score were independent factors influencing surgical decision-making ( P<0.05). Conclusion:With different time and age, the invasiveness and thoroughness of surgery are increasing, which shows that the percentage of patients who underwent separation surgery and to-tal en-bloc spondylectomy is significantly increasing. Age, metastatic site, number of metastatic segments, pathological vertebral fractures, Frankel grade, SINS score and VAS score are independent factors affecting surgical decision-making.
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Objective:To analyze the surgical techniques, surgical indications and early clinical effects of 3D printed hemipelvic prostheses in the reconstruction of pelvic malignant tumors resected by the sacroiliac joint.Methods:From January 2016 to March 2020, a retrospective analysis of 9 patients with malignant tumors involving pelvis I+II or I+II+III region were treated with sacroiliac joint osteotomy and 3D printed pelvic prosthesis reconstruction. There were 7 males and 2 females; their age was 51.1±10.5 years (range 27-66 years). Among them, 5 cases were chondrosarcoma, 1 case was pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, 2 cases were metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and 1 case was metastatic primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Resection of pelvic area I+II or I+II+III were according to the extent of tumor involvement. During the resection of pelvic I region, osteotomy was done through sacroiliac joint surface, and 3D printed hemipelvic prosthesis that fits the sacral auricular surface was used for reconstruction. Postoperative imaging examination was used to evaluate the acetabular rotation center deviation of the pelvic prosthesis; the International Bone Tumor Society (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, MSTS) function score was used for functional evaluation; the patient's oncology outcome and postoperative complications were evaluated.Results:All 9 patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 3.5-6 hours, with an average of 4.5 hours. The intraoperative blood loss was 800-3 000 ml, with an average of 1 400 ml. 3 patients underwent resection and reconstruction of pelvis I+II area, 4 patients underwent pelvic resection and reconstruction of I+II+III area, 2 patients underwent pelvic I+II+III area combined with proximal femur resection and reconstruction; all patients were followed up. The follow-up time was 6-50 months, with an average of 16 months. At the last follow-up of 9 patients, the MSTS score was 12-26, with an average of 20.2; the postoperative rotation center horizontal displacement distance was 10.67±7.12 mm, and the vertical displacement was 8.56±4.22 mm. One case of metastatic cancer was found to have multiple metastases throughout the body during chemotherapy 3 months after surgery, and died in 7 months after surgery; 1 case of pelvic metastatic renal cell carcinoma developed multiple metastases within one and a half years after surgery, controlled by targeted drugs, and survived with the tumor; the rest seven cases had no recurrence at the surgical site and no distant metastasis was found.Conclusion:The semipelvic prosthesis with 3D printed auricular surface has potential advantages in reconstructing the bone defect of the pelvis I+II or I+II+III area after the sacroiliac joint osteotomy. The short-term efficacy is relatively satisfactory, and the long-term efficacy remains to be further observed.
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Objective:To investigate the alteration of immune microenvironment in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) after denosumab treatment from the aspect of immune cellsat single-cell level.Methods:During Nov 2018 and May 2020, fresh tumor excision tissues from GCTB cases were collected and received CyTOF analyses. CyTOF datasets were analyzed and visualized by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (TSNE) method of reduction dimension. The compositions of immune cells in GCTB with or without denosumab treatment were compared. The supernatant of culture medium of ex vivo inoculated primary tumor tissues was harvested to clarify if the culturing supernatant could affect cell growth.Results:A total of 15 primary GCTB cases and three denosumab-treated samples were included in this study and were sent for CyTOF and multicolor FACS assay. GCTB was featured of T-cell and macrophage-like myeloid cell-dominant immune microenvironment. After denosumab treatment, the percentage of T-cells was significantly elevated, while the number of macrophage-like myeloid cells were reduced. Furthermore, the ratio of macrophage-like myeloid cells in total live cells was associated with the treatment period of denosumab. The multinuclear osteoclast like giant cells were characterized by the expression of γδTCR, while most of the intratumoral CD8+ T-cells were activated PD-1+CD69+T-cells. The culturing supernatant of denosumab treatment-free GCTB tissues reinforced cell proliferation in vitro, while this phenomenon was not seen when using denosumab treated tissues.Conclusion:Illustrated the immune cell atlas of GCTB, and preliminarily investigated the potential effects of immune cells on tumor progression in GCTB, providing some theoretical clues for prolonged use of denosumab in unresectable GCTB cases.
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Objective:To explore the curative effect of the "domino" sequential method with prosthesis preservation in the treatment of infection around the prosthesis after limb salvage surgery for bone tumors.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 11 patients with peripheral prosthetic infections after limb salvage surgery with prosthesis preserving "domino" from January 2016 to January 2020 was retrospectively analyzed, including 8 males and 3 females; age 21-74 years old, with an average of 51.8 years old. There were 6 cases of knee prosthesis for distal femoral tumor, 2 cases of proximal tibia knee prosthesis, 2 cases of pelvic prosthesis infection, and 1 case of middle femoral prosthesis. Before the operation, 8 cases had fever, and 2 cases had sinus. Sequential treatment failure is defined as: recurrence of infection. The treatment method is the debridement and lavage of the prosthesis and the systemic combined local application of drug-sensitive antibiotics to evaluate the patient's blood routine, C-reflective protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other indicators, X-ray and CT of the surgical site, and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.Results:The positive rate of microorganism culture was 72.7% (8/11), including 2 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 case of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, abalone There were 2 cases of Acinetobacter mannifolia and 1 case of Streptococcus degalactiae. The MSTS score before treatment and at the last follow-up after treatment increased from 10.91±2.31 points to 20.73±3.52 points, the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.162, P<0.05). A total of 3 cases of sequential treatment failed to control infection, and the operation success rate was 72.7% (8/11). One case was amputation, one case was long-term replacement of wound dressing, and one case was switched to antibiotic bone cement combined with intramedullary nail reverse double insertion technique to control infection. Conclusion:For bone tumors with clinical infection symptoms less than one month after limb salvage surgery, the use of prosthesis-preserving "domino" sequential method for treatment of prosthetic infections is desirable for early and mid-term clinical efficacy.
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Objective:To summarize the indications, early functional outcome, complications and precautions of modular reverse shoulder tumor prosthesis in the treatment of proximal humerus tumor.Methods:From September 2018 to October 2019, there were 7 patients with proximal humeral tumor underwent tumor resection and modular reverse shoulder tumor prosthesis replacement in our hospital, including 6 males and 1 female. The average age of the patients was 32 years (14-59 years), including 3 cases of giant cell tumors, 2 cases of osteosarcomas, one case of myeloma and one case of renal cancer metastasis. The prosthesis reconstruction was performed after the removal of the proximal humerus tumor according to malawer type I. Postoperative outpatient follow-up included X-ray of shoulder joint, measurement of shoulder joint activity, functional evaluation using Constant-Murley function score and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) function score.Results:All the 7 patients successfully completed the operation, the operation times were ranged from 125 to 215 min, averaged 158 min; the intraoperative hemorrhage were ranged from 100 to 500 ml, the averaged 257 ml; the length of resected proximal humerus were ranged from 10 to 16 cm, averaged 12 cm. All patients were followed up for 4-17 months, with an average of 8 months. At the last follow-up, the average active abduction of shoulder was 108° (80°-175°), and the average active flexion was 124° (90°-175°). Three patients complained of mild discomfort in the shoulder, the rest of the patients had no pain in the shoulder. Sleep was not affected in all patients, and the hands of seven patients could go over the top of head, and they could live and work normally. In 7 patients, the rotation of shoulder joint was limited, the abduction force of shoulder joint was decreased, the Constant-Murley function score was 72% (59%-78%), and the MSTS function score was 84% (67%-93%). None of the 7 patients had incision infection, hematoma and other related complications. There was one dislocation occurred one month after the operation because the humeral adhesion of deltoid was resected. After open reduction, a larger glenoid ball was used and tension of deltoid muscle was tightened, and no dislocation was found.Conclusion:The combined tumor prosthesis of reverse shoulder has the advantages of simple installation, lower operative requirements compared with the common reverse shoulder prosthesis compounded with allograft, easy to control the length of the prosthesis, and also can achieve satisfactory results.
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Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid combined with local infiltration in reducing the perioperative bleeding of prosthetic replacement surgery after massive tumor resection around the knee joint.Methods:Retrospective analysethe patients treated in our hospital from December 2014 to November 2018 underwent tumor resection and prothesis replacement surgery for tumors around the knee, according to whether intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid combined local infiltration of tranexamic acid in the incision was divided into tranexamic acid group and control group. Statistical analysis of postoperative drainage volume, total blood loss, number of blood transfusion, hemoglobin and fibrinogen level in 3 days after surgery, drug-related side effects, wound complications. The differences between the measurement data of the two groups used independent sample t test to compare; the comparison between the count data groups was by χ2 test. Results:In all 116 patients, preoperative intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid combined with intraoperative local infiltration of tranexamic acid in 26 patients, 90 cases in control group; 39 of the replacement required preoperative chemotherapy, There were 8 cases in the tranexamic acid group. In the tranexamic acid group, there were 23 cases (88.46%) in the distal femur and 3 cases (11.54%) in the proximal tibia, and 59 cases (65.56%) in the proximal femur in control group, and 31 cases (34.44%) of the proximal tibia. The length of the osteotomy is similar, the control group is 14.01±3.26 cm, and the tranexamic acid group is 15.21±4.69 cm. The operation time in control group was 2.57 h, and the tranexamic acid group was 2.34 h. Bleeding volume: the bleeding in control group was 613.33±212.76 ml, and the tranexamic acid group was 440.39±208.48 ml ( t=3.636, P=0.002). There were 54 patients (60%) had blood transfusion in control group, and 15 patients (57.69%) in the tranexamic acid group. There was a significant difference between two groups ( χ2=4.771, P=0.029). The total drainage volume was 623.92±316.87 ml in control group, 468.08±220.74 ml in tranexamic acid group ( t=2.328, P=0.022); estimated total blood loss index: 440.47±194.23 ml in control group, tranexamic acid group: 236.75±116.56 ml ( t=5.046, P=0.000); hemoglobin level in 3 d after surgery, control group: 84.29±11.21 g/L, tranexamic acid group: 92.12±13.66 g/L ( t=-2.951, P=0.004), perioperative blood loss: 866.14±418.68 ml in control group, 586.75±409.93 ml in the tranexamic acid group ( t=2.985, P=0.003). There were significant differences between two groups. All patients were rechecked for coagulation function within 3 days after surgery. The PT time of the patients in the tranexamic acid group was 15.01±1.01 s at 3 d, which is 14.88±0.85 s in control group, and the APTT was 41.18±4.61 s in tranexamic acid group, but approximately 40.77±4.63 s in control group, fibrinogen was 3.26±0.66 g/L and 3.31±1.20 g/L in control group, there is no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion:Local infiltration of tranexamic acid intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid during surgery can significantly reduce the perioperative bleeding volume of limb salvage surgery aroundknee joint and reduce allogeneic blood transfusion.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of reduction and reconstruction of the removed bony structure after one-stage posterior resection of high cervical tumors.@*Methods@#From October 2009 to March 2018, 17 patients including 10 males and 7 females of high cervical tumors who underwent one-stage posterior resection with an average age of 57 years (26~84 years) were reviewed. There were 11 shwannomas, 3 meningiomas and 3 concurrent shwannoma and meningioma arising in the same level, respectively. Reduction with (14 cases) or without internal fixation (3 cases) were performed for the removed C1 posterior arch or C2 laminar and spinous process. The clinical effects were compared with Visual analogue score (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOA) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade. The cervical lordosis and range of motion were measured with the X-ray before the operation and at the last follow-up.@*Results@#There were no vertebral artery injury or massive hemorrhage during the surgeries. The operation time was 184±43 min, blood loss was 203±223 ml, and mean follow-up period was 29.1±28.2 months. No recurrence was found during the follow-up, and the motor and sensory were significant recovered in all patients after surgery. VAS score and JOA score were significantly improved at the last follow-up. ASIA grade was C for 1 case, D for 11 cases and E for 5 cases before surgery. After surgeries, C improved to D, 8 cases of D improved to E and 3 cases of D failed improved to E. Although the cervical lordosis and range of motion was decreased significantly in the last follow-up in X-ray, no patients complained stiffness and discomfort in rotation or flexion and extension of the neck. Cardiac arrest during operation was occurred in 1 case, and heartbeat recovered after stopping the manipulation. CSF leakage was found in 9 cases and no surgical site infection was occurred.@*Conclusion@#Resection of high cervical dumbbell-shape tumors is a demanding surgery with high incidence of complications. The reduction and reconstruction of removed bony structure without fusion could rebuild the stability of high cervical spine and preserve the cervical range of motion as much as possible which improves clinical effect.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of reduction and reconstruction of the removed bony structure after one?stage posterior resection of high cervical tumors. Methods From October 2009 to March 2018,17 patients including 10 males and 7 females of high cervical tumors who underwent one?stage posterior resection with an average age of 57 years (26~84 years) were reviewed. There were 11 shwannomas, 3 meningiomas and 3 concurrent shwannoma and meningioma arising in the same level, respectively. Reduction with (14 cases) or without internal fixation (3 cases) were performed for the removed C1 posteri?or arch or C2 laminar and spinous process. The clinical effects were compared with Visual analogue score (VAS), Japanese Ortho?paedic Association scores (JOA) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade. The cervical lordosis and range of motion were measured with the X?ray before the operation and at the last follow?up. Results There were no vertebral artery injury or massive hemorrhage during the surgeries. The operation time was 184±43 min, blood loss was 203±223 ml, and mean follow?up pe?riod was 29.1±28.2 months. No recurrence was found during the follow?up, and the motor and sensory were significant recovered in all patients after surgery. VAS score and JOA score were significantly improved at the last follow?up. ASIA grade was C for 1 case, D for 11 cases and E for 5 cases before surgery. After surgeries, C improved to D, 8 cases of D improved to E and 3 cases of D failed improved to E. Although the cervical lordosis and range of motion was decreased significantly in the last follow?up in X?ray, no patients complained stiffness and discomfort in rotation or flexion and extension of the neck. Cardiac arrest during operation was occurred in 1 case, and heartbeat recovered after stopping the manipulation. CSF leakage was found in 9 cases and no surgical site infection was occurred. Conclusion Resection of high cervical dumbbell?shape tumors is a demanding surgery with high in?cidence of complications. The reduction and reconstruction of removed bony structure without fusion could rebuild the stability of high cervical spine and preserve the cervical range of motion as much as possible which improves clinical effect.
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Objective To evaluate the local recurrence rate,limb function and complications of soft tissue sarcoma of thigh after muscle group resection.Methods Between January 2009 and August 2016,twenty-threepatients who were diagnosed as soft tissue sarcoma for the first time in our hospital,receiving thigh quadriceps muscle group resection,adductor muscle group resection or posterior compartment of the thigh resection were incorporated into this study.Patients who had received surgery of this lesion before,suffered from recurrent soft tissue tumor,had tumor involved multiple muscle groups which could not be resected completely,had sciatic nerve or femoral artery or vein affected by tumor or had distal metastasis were excluded.This retrospective study consisted of 12 male and 11 female.The age ranged from 20-80 with the average of 52.All the patients received CT and MRI of thigh to figure out the size of tumor,the invaded extension of the lesion and the specific muscle group involved.Chest CT scan and ultrasound of bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were arranged to exclude the tumor metastases.After all these examinations were done,needle biopsy with the guidance of CT scan was performed for the pathological diagnosis.The pathology included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (7 cases),rhabdomyosarcoma (2 cases),primitive neurotodermal tumor (1 case),synovial sarcoma (1 case),leiomyosarcoma (3 cases),fibrosarcoma (5 cases) and liposarcoma (4 cases).Sixpatients received quadriceps muscle group resection,eightpatients received adductor muscle group resection and the other 9 patients received posterior compartment of the thigh resection.Patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma,leiomyosarcoma,primitive neurotodermal tumor and synovial sarcoma received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.None of patients received radiotherapy.After surgery,drainage tube of negative pressure was placed until the volume of drainage was less than 50 ml within 24 h.The affected thigh was bound up tightly.Intravenous antibiotics were used for 3 days to prevent from postoperative infections.Patients received quadriceps muscle group resection stayed in the bed for 4 weeks.After that they could walk with the protection of orthosis with unbending position.Other patients got out of bed after 2 weeks.All the complications after surgery were recorded.Reexaminations were arranged in 3,6,12 and 24 months after surgery separately.After that,reexamination was arranged every half a year.Chest CT scan was used to detect lung metastasis and ultrasound or MRI was arranged for local recurrence.Lower limb function after surgery was evaluated by MSTS scores.Results All the surgeries of muscle group excision were successfully completed.The duration of surgery ranged 1.5-3.5 h with the average of 2.2 h.The bleeding volume during surgery ranged 100-1 100 mL with the average of 313 mL.The follow-up was a mean of 41 months (range,17-108 months).None was lost to follow-up.The local recurrence rate was 4.3％ (1/23).One patient with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma had positive surgical margin,who received posterior compartment of the thigh resection.Local recurrence occurred 6 months after surgery.Then he received expanded resection.Six patients had distant metastases,five patients for lung metastases,one patient for lung and inguinal lymph node metastases.Of these,five patients had died and one lived with the metastasis.The median MSTS score was 26.3 points (range,14-30 points).Specifically,the median musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score was 28 points (range,21-30 points) for 9 patients with posterior compartment of the thigh resection,twenty-nine points (range,27-30 points) for 8 patients with adductor muscle group resection,and 20.3 points (range,14-24 points) for 6 patients with quadriceps muscle group resection.Five patients had complications,including local recurrence (1 case),hematoma (2 cases) and cutaneous necrosis (2 cases),all of which were settled by reoperation.The rate of complication was 21.7％.Conclusion Muscle group resection is an effective surgical treatment for soft tissue sarcoma of thigh,which could reduce the risk of local recurrence,apart from quadriceps muscle group resection,the other two muscle group resections have limited impact on lower limb function,additionally,thigh muscle group resection is a safe procedure with few complications.
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Objective To explore the personalized treatment options and clinical results obtained by our hospital for different parts of bone destruction of different degrees of bone giant cell tumor.Methods Retrospective analysis from January 2005 to December 2014,according to the giant bone cell tumor diagnosis and treatment procedures used in thehospital to take wide resection or intralesional curettage and adjuvant therapy for the treatment of primary limb long bone giant cell tumor 281 cases.There were 150 males and 131 females,with overall age from 14 to 71 years and an average of 35.10 yearsold.The distal ulna was 9 cases.The distal radiuswas 26 cases.The proximal humerus was 19 cases.The distal humerus was 2 cases.The proximal femur was 38 cases.The distal femur was 95 cases.The proximal tibiawas 59 cases.The distal tibiawas 10 cases.There were 19 proximal fibula cases,3 distal fibula cases and 1 case of multiple giant cell tumor of bone.We chose curettage and/or adjuvant therapy or wide resection,then with bone cement,allograft or autograft,prostheses to reconstructionaccording to tumor site,the degree of destruction,pathological fractures.The x2 test and Cox regression analysis were used to detect the statistic differences.The KaplanMeier survival analysis was used to count the disease-free survival.The relationship between tumor location,destruction degree,Campanacci grading,pathological fractures,treatment methods at different stages and recurrence were analyzed.Results A total of 281 patients with long bone giant cell tumor were included in the follow-up study,including 37 pathological fracture and 244 non-fracture.According to the author's giant cell tumor diagnosis and treatment process,122 patients received a wide resection,159 cases were treated with curettage ± adjuvant therapy.23 patients had postoperative recurrence,the recurrence rate was 8.19％.The recurrence time after operation ranged from 9 to 75 months (average 30.95 months).There was no significant difference between the recurrence rate of lesions around the knee and other parts (x2=0.370,P=0.240).In the non-pathologic fracture group,the recurrence rate was significantly lower in the large section compared with curettage surgery (x2=9.393,P=0.002).Of the patients with intralesional surgery,126 patients reconstructed with cement and 28 patients reconstructed with autograft/allograft bone to rebuild mechanical stability.There were 14 recurrence cases (14/126,11.11％) in the bone cement group and 8 recurrence cases (8/28,28.57％) in the bone graft group.The recurrence rate in the bone cement group was significantly lower than that in the simple bone graft group (x2=5.846,P=0.017).The patients with lesion less than 50％,4 had recurrences (4/55,7.27％),12 recurrences occurred (12/76,15.79％) in more than 50％ and less than 75％ of the cross-sections,and if the lesion was more than 75％ cross-sectional area,4 cases of recurrence (4/113,3.54％).There was no significant difference in the proportion of bone destruction between different cross-sections in affecting tumor recurrence.The recurrence rate of Campanacci Grade Ⅲ patients was significantly higher than that of Campanacci Grade Ⅱ patients with curettage surgery (x2=9.909,P=0.002).Only 1 of the patients with pathological fracture had recurrence (1/37,2.70％),the recurrence rate was significantly lower than that the curettage group (x2=11.972,P=0.001).Among the early patients,79 cases (63.71％) were cured by surgery and 17 cases were relapsed,while in the last 5 years 80 cases (50.96％) were cured by surgery and 6 cases were relapsed,In two different periods,the curettage recurrence rate was significantly decreased (x2=9.246,P=0.003).Conclusion By selecting personalized treatment options for different patients,it is possible to increase the proportion of patients who maintain their knee joints while reducing the local recurrence rate,providing doctors and patients with a choice of treatment options.
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Objective To investigate the factors related to the local recurrence of spine giant cell tumor (GCT) after surgical treatment and provide a reference for the treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis of GCT of the spine from January 2000 to June 2016 was conducted.A total of 73 patients with GCT of the spine who underwent surgical treatment in Giant Cell Tumor Team of China (GTOC) were collected,including 29 males and 44 females.The average age was 33.73±11.34 years (range:13-60 years).Clinical characteristics including gender,age,history of recurrence,tumor position,Ennecking stage,Frankel score,clinical symptoms,surgery procedures,surgical approach,preoperative selective artery embolism (PAE),radiotherapy and bisphosphonate treatment history are collected.The correlation between the factors and tumor recurrence were analyzed by single factor analysis and multiple-factor logistic regression.Results The mean follow-up time was 61.81 ±53.21 months (range:4-210 months).Surgical procedures,bisphosphonate treatment,history of recurrence and radiotherapy were found significant correlation with tumor recurrence by single factor analysis.The result of multiple-factor logistic regression showed that surgical procedures (P=0.026) and bisphosphonate treatment (P=0.017) were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence.Conclusion Total spondylectomy and bisphosphonate treatment could significantly reduce the recurrence rate of GCT of the spine.
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Objective To investigate the clinical charactistics,diagnosis,treatment options and surgical efficacy of spinal osteoblastoma.Methods From May 2007 to May 2016,the clinical manifestations,imaging data,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of 11 patients with spinal osteoblastoma were retrospectively reviewed.There were 7 males and 4 females.The age ranged from 15 to 44 years old with the average of 27.5 years.Two lesions were involved in cervical spine and 6 lesions were located in thoracic spine.The other 3 cases was in lumbar spine.All patients suffered from local pain.Four patients had neurological deficiency,with 3 suffering radicular pain and 1 suffering incomplete paraplegia (Frankel C).Four patients were staged as Enneking 2 and treated by intralesional curettage.Seven patients were staged as Enneking 3.Accordingly,4 patients were treated by expanded excision with single posterior approach and 1 patient was treated by expanded excision with combined anterior and posterior approach.The other 2 patients were treated by piecemeal total vertebrectomy with single posterior approach.The pain release,neurological recovery and tumor recurrence were evaluated by postoperative follow-up.Results The mean operation time was 3.5 h (range,1.5-7 h) and the average intraoperative blood loss was 800 ml (range,100-3 000 ml).1 patient had cerebrospinal fluid leakage and 2 patients had pleural effusion.No surgical infection was detected in any patient.After surgery,the pain was dramatically relieved in all patients.The radicular pain in 3 patients were relieved and the incomplete paraplegia in 1 patient was recovered to Frankel E.The mean follow-up period was 45.8 months (range,12-117 months).Recurrence occurred in 1 case of cervical 7 and thoracic 1 spine leison 4 years after the surgery.Another expanded excision of the tumor was conducted for this patient and no recurrence was detected till now.No other cases of recurrence were observed.No loosing or breakage of implantation was detected during the follow-up.Conclusion For Enneking 2 leisons,intralesional curettage was effective.For Enneking 3 leisons,the expanded excision or piecemeal total vertebrectomy were recommended.No matter the excision was intralesional or not,the satisfactory results could be achieved if complete tumor excision could be conducted.
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Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of curettage and excision for giant cell tumor of the cervical spine.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 6 cases of giant cell tumors patients who underwent surgical resection of cervical spine between April 2006 and July 2015.There were 2 males and 4 females with an average age of 31.3 years old (ranged from 18 to 42 years).Among them,4 cases were located in C2 vertebral body,1 case located in C3 vertebral body,1 case in C4 spinous pro cess and vertebral lamina.In this study,all the 6 patients underwent intralesional surgery,3 patients were Enneking grade ⅡA,which 1 case underwent curettage,2 cases underwent extended curettage;three cases were Enneking grade ⅢB,which 1 case underwent extended curettage,and 2 cases underwent subtotal spondylectomy.Three patients received local inactivation of the lesion.One patient received local radiotherapy after first posterior occipital-cervical fixation,and underwent posterior and anterior tumor resection,bone grafting and internal fixation 3 months later.One patient was treated with denosumab preoperatively,3 patients were treated with bisphosphonates postoperatively.The neurological status was evaluated by Frankel classification pre-and postoperatively,the pain scale was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pre-and postoperatively.Imaging examination was used to assess the location and the extent of the tumor preoperatively,as well as the tumor recurrence postoperatively.Results The mean follow-up period was 61.1 months (ranged from 25 to 134 months).One case underwent posterior surgery,while other 5 cases underwent anterior and posterior surgery;3 patients underwent one-stage surgery,3 patients underwent multi-staged surgery.The mean intraoperative bleeding was 2 142 ml (ranged from 300 to 9100 ml).The mean preoperative VAS score was 3 (ranged from 2 to 5),the neck pain of the patients were all relieved postoperatively,and the mean VAS score was 0.The Frankel grade were E in all 6 patients of pre-and postoperation.One intracranial epidural hematoma occurred on the second day after operation,emergency evacuation of hematoma was then performed and the postoperative recovery was good.At the latest follow-up,no internal fixation loosening or failure occurred,and no tumor recurrence was observed in all patients.Conclusion Intralesional curettage and excision of the cervical spinal giant cell tumor is a safe and effective surgical method which can achieve satisfactory local control and prognosis.
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Objective To analyze clinical efficacy of artificial prosthesis in giant cell tumor in distal femur,and to investigate risk factors affecting prosthesis failure and functional outcomes.Methods 42 patients with giant cell tumor of bone in distal femur,who had undergo prosthesis replacement from January 2002 to May 2015,were enrolled in this study.There were 24 males and 18 females,with an average age of 38.53± 12.87 years.There were 28 primary patients and 14 relapsed patients,including 11 cases of recurrence once and 3 cases of twice.Three-dimensional finite element model was used to analyze the effect of different angles of deviation of the spinal needle on the deformation of the bone wall.The correlations between the factors such as age,sex,occupation,prosthesis type,and other factors on prosthesis loosening were compared.Biomechanical effect of lower limbs caused by prosthesis offset angle was analyzed through gait analysis.Analyzed the effects of primary tumor or recurrence,prosthesis service status,and length of surgical osteotomy on joint function.Results A total of 42 patients were followed up by 20-158 months,with an average of 68.7 months.The 3 year survival rate of prosthesis was 83.33％ for 3 years and 57.14％ for 5 years.The major reason of prosthesis failure was loose (18/42,42.8％).X-ray films showed 19 cases of prosthetic intramedullary nail and sagittal bias of medullary force line angle ＞ 3° in the first follow-up.Osteotomy length (OR=0.132,P=0.0027) and offset angle of needle (OR=25.000,P=0.000) were significantly correlated to prosthesis loose.A length more than 12 cm and angle more than 3° were easier to result in prosthesis loose.There were no significant correlation between prosthesis failure and patients age,gender,occupation and prosthesis type.Gait analysis shows that the unsuitable bias angle of the prosthesis can significantly change the joint force of the prosthesis.The average score of MSTS 93 function evaluation was 25.43±4.256,excellent in 33 cases,good in 7 cases and poor in 2 cases.Function of patients with primary GCT were better than that of recurrent ones.Patients with one 1 times recurrence were better than that of recurrence twice (P=0.003).Patients without prosthesis loosening and revision were better than that with loosening (P=0.001).Patients with an osteotomy length less than 12 cm had a poorer function than that with more than 12 cm (P=0.002).Conclusion The main factors affecting distal femoral prosthesis replacement therapy of GCT is loosening,which was caused by broach and medullary cavity mismatch,osteotomy length,prosthesis rotation,prosthesis position.The function of the prosthesis is mainly affected by operation times,prosthesis status,osteotomy length and low patella.
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Objective To monitor the autophagy in osteosarcoma cells by constructing three rLC3B fusion expression vectors,respectively.Methods Rat LC3B gene sequence was amplified by PCR and cloned into pEGFP-C 1 and pmCherry-C1 to construct the fusion expression vector of pEGFP-rLC3B and pmCherry-rLC3B.Subsequently,the EGFP-rLC3B sequence was obtained by PCR with the pEGFP-rLC3B as a template,and cloned into pmCherry-C 1,so the pmCherry-EGFP-rLC3B fusion expression vector was constructed.Three plasmids were transfected into U-2OS cells,and the starvation or Rapamycin was adopted to induce autophagy or the chloroquine or Baf-A1 was used to inhibit autophagy,to verify the above plasmids' function in autophagy detection by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Western blot was used to detect the endogenous LC3B and exogenous EGFPrLC3B,pmCherry-rLC3B and mCherry-EGFP-rLC3B,and to verify the correct expression of exogenous rLC3B and their function of autophagy detection.Finally,cleaved free EGFP was detected by western blot to evaluate the level of autophagic degradation.Results Three fusion expression vectors were constructed successfully through sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion validation.The starvation or Rapamycin was adopted to induce autophagy or the chloroquine or Baf-A 1 was used to inhibit autophagy in transfected U-2OS cells.Clear autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Endogenous LC3B and exogenous EGFP-rLC3B,pmCherry-rLC3B and mCherry-EGFP-rLC3B were detected through western blot.Finally,western blot verified that the expression of cleaved free EGFP was significantly up-regulated with the increase of starvation time.12 h group increased 1.05 times than the control group and 24 h group increased 1.56 times,showing that the levels of autophagic degradation increased.Conclusion EGFP-rLC3B can be used to detect autophagosome and evaluate the level of autophagic degradation.mCherry-rLC3B can be used to detect autophagosome and autolysosome,but can't distinguish autophagosome from autolysosome.The pmCherry-EGFP-rLC3B has an advantage in the detection of autophagic flux which can distinguish autophagosome from autolysosome.