RESUMO
Objective:To understand the iodine nutritional status of Tibet residents and provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in Tibet.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 67 counties (districts) of 7 cities of Tibet. Each county (district) was divided into 5 sampling areas according to its east, west, south, north and middle location, and 1 township (town) was selected from each sampling area. Four administrative villages were selected from each township (town), and 15 household's salt samples were sampled for salt iodine detection. Twenty pregnant women and 1 primary school were selected from each township (town). Forty non-boarding children aged 8-10 years (half male and half female) were selected from each primary school, urine samples were collected for urinary iodine detection. Thyroid volume was also measured in children aged 8 to 10 years in 3 cities.Results:In 2018, the median of salt iodine in Tibet was 25.33 mg/kg (22 136 samples). The coverage rate of iodized salt, the qualified rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were 97.75% (21 637/22 136), 87.00% (18 824/21 637) and 85.04% (18 824/22 136), respectively. The difference between 7 cities were statistically singnificant ( P < 0.01). Naqu City had the lowest levels [92.03% (2 923/3 176), 69.41% (2 029/2 923), 63.89% (2 029/3 176)]. The median of urinary iodine of 13 516 children aged 8-10 years was 187.0 μg/L. The urinary iodine of boys was 188.6 μg/L, girls was 185.6 μg/L. The median of urinary iodine of 2 920 pregnant women was 165.6 μg/L. The differences in urinary iodine of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods were statistically significant ( H=13.33, P < 0.01). The urinary iodine of pregnant women was the highest in early pregnancy (178.9 μg/L) and the lowest in late pregnancy (162.3 μg/L). The goiter rate of children aged 8-10 years was 1.01% (34/3 364). The goiter rate of children in different cities was different (χ 2=59.28, P < 0.01), and Changdu had the highest (4.25%, 17/400). Conclusions:In 2018, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt among Tibet residents is relatively low, and the comprehensive prevention and control measures of iodine deficiency disorders need to be further strengthened. We should strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition level of pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy, strengthen health education and raise the awareness of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders among residents.
RESUMO
This study was aimed to establish a stable animal model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the development of LVH. The abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats (80-100 g) was constricted to a diameter of 0.55 mm between the branches of the celiac and anterior mesenteric arteries. Echocardiography using a linear phased array probe was performed as well as pathological examination and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement at 3, 4 and 6 weeks after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The results showed that the acute mortality rate (within 24 h) of this modified rat model was 8%. Animals who underwent AAC demonstrated significantly increased interventricular septal (IVS), LV posterior wall (LVPWd), LV mass index (LVMI), cross-sectional area (CSA) of myocytes, and perivascular fibrosis; the ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and cardiac output (CO) were consistently lower at each time point after AAC. Notably, differences in these parameters between AAC group and sham group were significant by 3 weeks and reached peaks at 4th week. Following AAC, the plasma BNP was gradually elevated compared with the sham group at 3rd and 6th week. It was concluded that this modified AAC model can develop LVH, both stably and safely, by week four post-surgery; echocardiography is able to assess changes in chamber dimensions and systolic properties accurately in rats with LVH.
RESUMO
This study was aimed to establish a stable animal model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the development of LVH. The abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats (80-100 g) was constricted to a diameter of 0.55 mm between the branches of the celiac and anterior mesenteric arteries. Echocardiography using a linear phased array probe was performed as well as pathological examination and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement at 3, 4 and 6 weeks after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The results showed that the acute mortality rate (within 24 h) of this modified rat model was 8%. Animals who underwent AAC demonstrated significantly increased interventricular septal (IVS), LV posterior wall (LVPWd), LV mass index (LVMI), cross-sectional area (CSA) of myocytes, and perivascular fibrosis; the ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and cardiac output (CO) were consistently lower at each time point after AAC. Notably, differences in these parameters between AAC group and sham group were significant by 3 weeks and reached peaks at 4th week. Following AAC, the plasma BNP was gradually elevated compared with the sham group at 3rd and 6th week. It was concluded that this modified AAC model can develop LVH, both stably and safely, by week four post-surgery; echocardiography is able to assess changes in chamber dimensions and systolic properties accurately in rats with LVH.