Comparison on Performance of Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Evaluating Bone Health of Adults Aged 18-40 Years / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the consistency of quantitative ultrasound(QUS)and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)in measuring bone mineral density(BMD)of adults aged 18-40 years in Guangzhou and evaluate the diagnostic value of QUS for identifying low bone mass.Methods DXA was employed to measure the BMD and QUS to measure the speed of sound(SOS)in 731 participants.The Bland-Altman analysis was performed to evaluate the consistency of Z scores between SOS and BMD.With the BMD Z ≤-2.00 as the diagnostic criterion for low bone mass,the receiver operating characteristics curve of QUS was established,and the area under the curve(AUC)and the sensitivity,specificity,and correct diagnostic index for the optimal cut-off of SOS Z score were calculated.Results The results of Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences in the Z scores of SOS and BMD in males and females were 1.27(-0.94 to 3.47)and 0.93(-1.33 to 3.18),respectively.The AUC of SOS Z score in the diagnosis of low bone mass in males and females was 0.734(95%CI=0.380-0.788)and 0.679(95%CI=0.625-0.732),respectively.In males,the optimal cut-off of SOS Z score for low bone mass was -0.35,with the sensitivity,specificity,and correct diagnostic index of 64.1%,68.6%,and 0.327,respectively.In females,the optimal cut-off value of SOS Z scores for low bone mass was -1.14,with the sensitivity,specificity,and correct index of 73.9%,54.8%,and 0.285,respectively.Conclusion QUS and DXA show poor consistency in the diagnosis of BMD in the adults aged 18-40 years in Guangzhou,while QUS demonstrates an acceptable value in identifying low bone mass.

Association Between Dietary Knowledge and Food Preferences in Residents Aged 18 and Over in China Based on Latent Class Analysis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the food preferences and explore the potential association between dietary knowledge and food preferences in residents aged 18 and over in China,so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy diets.Methods The latent class analysis was carried out with the 2015 cross-sectional data of China health and nutrition survey to categorize the food preferences among 8 783 residents aged 18 and over.Multinomial Logistic regression was adopted to assess the association between and dietary knowledge and food preferences.Results The food preferences of the residents aged 18 and over in China were classified into preference for less vegetable(3.28%),lack of preference(11.20%),diverse preferences(4.19%),and preference for healthy diets(81.33%).The proportion of the adults with dietary knowledge was 36.87%(3 238/8 783).The dietary knowledge varied in the adults with different food preferences(all P<0.001).After adjusting for gender,age,urban and rural distribution,education background,and annual household income,for each point increase in the dietary knowledge score,there was an estimated reduction of 22% in the probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.76-0.80, P<0.001),13% in the probability of lacking preference(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.86-0.89, P<0.001),and 3% in the probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.97,95%CI=0.94-1.00, P=0.030).Compared with those lacking dietary knowledge,the individuals with dietary knowledge had a 77% less probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.23,95%CI=0.16-0.32, P<0.001),a 55% less probability of lacking preference(OR=0.45,95%CI=0.39-0.53, P<0.001),and a 23% less probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.77,95%CI=0.61-0.96, P=0.023).Conclusions The residents aged 18 and over in China presented four food preferences,including preference for less vegetables,lack of preference,diverse preferences,and preference for healthy diets,the last of which had the highest proportion.The individuals with lower levels of dietary knowledge have higher probability of preferring unhealthy food.

Efficacy of basiliximab in the treatment of 87 cases of steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent acute graft-versus-host disease / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of basiliximab in the treatment of steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent acute graft-versus-host disease (SR/SD-aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: Clinical data of 87 patients with SR/SD-aGVHD in the skin, intestine, and liver after allo-HSCT at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Transplantation Center from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The administration plan of basiliximab was as follows: 20 mg for adults and children weighing ≥35 kg and 10 mg for children weighing<35 kg. The drug was administered once on the 1st, 4th, and 8th days, respectively, and then once weekly. The efficacy was evaluated on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after basiliximab treatment. Results: ①There were 51 males (58.6%) and 36 females (41.4%) , with a median (range) age of 34 (4-63) years. There were 54 cases of classic aGVHD, 33 of late aGVHD, 49 of steroid-refractory aGVHD, and 38 of steroid-dependent aGVHD. ②Thirty-five patients (40.2%) achieved complete remission (CR) , 23 (26.4%) achieved partial remission (PR) , and 29 had no remission (NR) . The total effective rate[overall response rate (ORR) ] was 66.7% (58/87) . ③The ORR of the classic and late aGVHD groups was 77.8% (42/54) and 48.5% (16/33) , respectively. ④The median (range) follow-up time was 154 (4-1813) days, the 6-month overall survival (OS) rate of the 87 patients was 44.8% (95% CI 39.5%-50.1%) and the 1-year OS was 39.4% (95%CI 34.2%-44.3%) . ⑤After treatment with basiliximab, the 6-month OS in the CR (35 cases) , PR (23 cases) , and NR (29 cases) groups was 80.0% (95%CI 73.2%-86.8%) , 39.1% (95%CI 28.9%-49.3%) , and 6.9% (95%CI 2.2%-11.6%) , respectively (χ(2)=34.679, P<0.001) , and the 1-year OS was 74.3% (95%CI 66.9%-81.7%) , 30.4% (95%CI 20.8%-40.0%) , and 3.4% (95%CI 0%-6.8%) , respectively (χ(2)=43.339, P<0.001) . The OS of the classic and late aGVHD groups was 57.4% (95%CI 50.7%-64.1%) and 24.2% (95%CI 16.7%-31.7%) , respectively (χ(2)=9.109, P=0.004) , and the 1-year OS was 51.9% (95%CI 45.1%-58.7%) and 18.2% (95%CI 11.5%-24.9%) , respectively (χ(2)=9.753, P=0.003) . ⑥Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that late aGVHD (OR=3.121, 95%CI 1.770-5.503, P<0.001) , Minnesota score high-risk group before medication (OR=3.591, 95%CI 1.931-6.679, P<0.001) , active infection before medication (OR=1.881, 95%CI 1.029-3.438, P=0.040) , and impairment of important organ function caused by non-GVHD (OR=3.100, 95%CI 1.570-6.121, P=0.001) were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of basiliximab. Conclusion: Basiliximab has good efficacy and safety for SR/SD-aGVHD, but not in patients with late aGVHD, high-risk group of Minnesota score, and infection or impaired function of important organs.

Discontinuation Rate of Newly Prescribed Donepezil in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients in Asia

Background@#and Purpose The rate of donepezil discontinuation and the underlying reasons for discontinuation in Asian patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently unknown. We aimed to determine the treatment discontinuation rates in AD patients who had newly been prescribed donepezil in routine clinical practice in Asia. @*Methods@#This 1-year observational study involved 38 institutions in seven Asian countries, and it evaluated 398 participants aged 50–90 years with a diagnosis of probable AD and on newly prescribed donepezil monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of donepezil discontinuation over 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the reason for discontinuation,treatment duration, changes in cognitive function over the 1-year study period, and compliance as assessed using a clinician rating scale (CRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). @*Results@#Donepezil was discontinued in 83 (20.9%) patients, most commonly due to an adverse event (43.4%). The mean treatment duration was 103.67 days in patients who discontinued. Among patients whose cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 1 year, there were no significant changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Trail-Making Test–Black and White scores, whereas the Clinical Dementia Rating score increased significantly (p<0.001). Treatment compliance at 1 year was 96.8% (306/316) on the CRS and 92.6±14.1% (mean±standard deviation) on the VAS. @*Conclusions@#In patients on newly prescribed donepezil, the primary reason for discontinuation was an adverse event. Cognitive assessments revealed no significant worsening at 1 year, indicating that continuous donepezil treatment contributes to the maintenance of cognitive function.

Discontinuation Rate of Newly Prescribed Donepezil in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients in Asia

Background@#and Purpose The rate of donepezil discontinuation and the underlying reasons for discontinuation in Asian patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently unknown. We aimed to determine the treatment discontinuation rates in AD patients who had newly been prescribed donepezil in routine clinical practice in Asia. @*Methods@#This 1-year observational study involved 38 institutions in seven Asian countries, and it evaluated 398 participants aged 50–90 years with a diagnosis of probable AD and on newly prescribed donepezil monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of donepezil discontinuation over 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the reason for discontinuation,treatment duration, changes in cognitive function over the 1-year study period, and compliance as assessed using a clinician rating scale (CRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). @*Results@#Donepezil was discontinued in 83 (20.9%) patients, most commonly due to an adverse event (43.4%). The mean treatment duration was 103.67 days in patients who discontinued. Among patients whose cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 1 year, there were no significant changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Trail-Making Test–Black and White scores, whereas the Clinical Dementia Rating score increased significantly (p<0.001). Treatment compliance at 1 year was 96.8% (306/316) on the CRS and 92.6±14.1% (mean±standard deviation) on the VAS. @*Conclusions@#In patients on newly prescribed donepezil, the primary reason for discontinuation was an adverse event. Cognitive assessments revealed no significant worsening at 1 year, indicating that continuous donepezil treatment contributes to the maintenance of cognitive function.

The anti-hyperuricemic effects of compound CC18022 targeting xanthine oxidase / 药学学报

Hyperuricemia is not only the biochemical basis of gout, but also closely related to the development of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, etc. Xanthine oxidase (XOD) is the key catalytic enzyme for uric acid biosynthesis, therefore the vital target for anti-hyperuricemic drugs. In this study, compound CC18022 was designed and synthesized specifically targeting to XOD. Molecular docking analysis indicated a fairly tight binding between CC18022 and XOD. In the in vitro study, CC18022 significantly inhibited XOD activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value in the order of nmol·L-1, which is relative to the XOD inhibitor febuxostat. By using both acute and chronic hyperuricemic mice model, compound CC18022 was found to have serum uric acid-lowering effect in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. The animal welfare and experimental processes were in accordance with the provisions of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. In the acute hyperuricemic mice, CC18022 significantly inhibited serum XOD activity, and also the XOD activity in intestine and liver, which were related to purine absorption and metabolism. Therefore, the novel compound CC18022 exhibited significant inhibition on XOD activity and anti-hyperuricemic effects, making it a favorable candidate for further research.

Role of IL-38 and MIP-2 in pulmonary fibrosis in rats / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective: To investigate the expression of IL-38 and MIP-2 in lung tissue of rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin, and to explore the significance of IL-38 and MIP-2 in pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods: 45 Wistar rats were randomly divided into saline control group ( group N), bleomycin group ( group B) and dexamethasone group ( group D) according to the random and control principle. On the 7 th, 14 th, and 28 th day, 5 rats were killed in each group. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) staining in lung tissue. The expression of IL-38 and HYP in lung tissue of rats was measured by enzyme linked immunoassay ( ELISA) and the expression of MIP-2 in lung tissue of rats was measured by RT-PCR method. Results: (1) HE staining showed that the lung tissue from group B and group D developed from normal to inflammatory changes to pulmonary fibrosis. (2) The expression of IL-38 in group B and D decreased gradually, and the decrease was most obvious at 28 th day, which was lower than that in group N ( P＜0. 05), and the expression of IL-38 in group B was lower than that in D group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0. 05). (3) The expression of MIP-2 and HYP increased gradually in group B and D, which were higher than those in group N, and the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0. 05). The MIP-2 and HYP expressions in group B were higher than those of group D in the same period, and the difference was statistically significant ( P＜0. 05). Conclusion: IL-38 and MIP-2 play an important role in the occurrence and development of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The application of dexamethasone can improve the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The effect may be related to the up-regulation of IL-38 and the downregulation of MIP-2.

Establishment of a screening system for xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish a screening system for xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors. Methods The XOD activity in vitro, serum uric acid level, serum XOD activity, tissue XOD activity and the blood indexes related to liver and kidney function were determined by biochemical method, respectively. Pathological analysis was used to observe liver and kidney. Results The optimized reaction consists of 3 U . L 1 XOD and 50 u,mol . L 1 XA under pH7.4, 37 °C. for 20 min. The high throughput screening method was established for XOD inhibitors in vitro. The acute hyperuricemia models were induced by signle dose of hypoxanthine and oteracil potassium in ICR mice. In this case, the serum uric acid level had a transient elevation after inducer administered. The changes of serum uric acid levels and the area under the uric acid-time curve were used to evaluate the acute hyperuricemia mice. The chronic hyperuricemia models were selected from the ICR mice stimulated with oteracil potassium consecutively. No significant changes of XOD activities in serum and tissue, of function and pathological structure in liver and kidney were observed in both acute hyperuricemia mice and chronic hyperuricemia mice. Conclusions The high throughput screening method for XOD inhibitors in vitro and the evaluation in vivo, in acute or chronic hyperuricemia mice, respectively, are mutually verified, forming an experimental system for developing the anti-hyperuricemia drug targeting at XOD.

Effect of intraoperative fluorouracil implant combined with raltitrexed regional chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer surgery / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intraoperative fluorouracil implant combined with raltitrexed chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of patients with advanced gastric cancer from November 2013 to November 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to intraoperative treatment method. Sixty-two cases (observation group) received intraoperative fluorouracil implant combined with raltitrexed regional chemotherapy, and 54 cases (control group) were not given the intraoperative chemotherapy drugs. The postoperative ventilation time, incidence of complications, peripheral blood white blood cell and platelets 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after operation, cumulative recurrence rate and cumulative survival rate 3 years after operation were compared between 2 groups. Results There were no significant differences in postoperative ventilation time and incidence of complications between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The white blood cell 1st and 3rd day after operation in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group: (5.21 ± 1.03)×109/L vs. (6.52 ± 1.08)×109/L and (5.29 ± 1.11)×109/L vs. (6.37 ± 1.06)×109/L, the platelet 1st, 3rd and 5th day after operation in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group: (172.64 ± 31.48) × 109/L vs. (188.34 ± 30.05) × 109/L, (175.81 ± 31.77) × 109/L vs. (190.36 ± 31.12) ×109/L and (178.46 ± 32.04) ×109/L vs. (191.18 ± 31.29) ×109/L, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05); but the white blood cell and platelets in 2 groups were in the normal range at all time points. The 3-year cumulative recurrence rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in control group: 75.8% (47/62) vs. 83.3% (45/54), the 3-year cumulative survival rate was significantly higher than that in control group: 71.0% (44/62) vs. 51.9% (28/54), and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Further analysis of patients with recurrent 3 years after operation, the incidence of local recurrence and extensive peritoneal metastasis in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group: 40.4% (19/47) vs. 68.9% (31/45), and there was statistical difference (P＜0.01). Conclusions It is a safe and effective treatment for intraoperative fluorouracil implant combined with raltitrexed regional chemotherapy to inhibit local recurrence and peritoneal metastasis in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Descending branch of anterior lateral malleolar artery based anterograde island flaps for reconstruction of foot and ankle defects / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore surgical method and clinical effects of descending branch of the anterior lateral malleolar artery based anterograde island flap for repairing foot and ankle wounds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine patients with skin defects of foot and ankle repaired by descending branch of the anterior lateral malleolar artery based anterograde island flap were studied from June 2015 to January 2017, including 6 males and 3 females aged from 32 to 63 years old. The wound were located on foot and ankle and associated with exposure of bone, tendon, blood vessels or nerves. The surface of wound located on foot in 6 patients, and 3 patients in ankle joint. The area of defect ranged from 1.5 cm×2.0 cm to 6.0 cm×13.0 cm, and the area of flap ranged from 2.0 cm×3.0 cm to 7.0 cm×15.0 cm. The donor site was skin grafted with split-thickness skin from abdomen. Appearance, texture, condition of donor site of island flaps after operation were observed, satisfied degree of clinical effects were evaluated by ZHANG Hao's evaluation, and AOFAS score were used to evaluate function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Circulations of flaps in 9 cases were stable without blockage, and healed well at 2 weeks after operation. All patients were followed up from 2 to 18 months with an average of(8.0±2.3) months. All flap were survived at stage I, pedicles looked smooth and tidy, no cat-ear formed, the texture of flap was soft with satisfied appearance, the color was near to surrounding skin. The surface of wound were tidy after skin graft of donor sites without scar hypertrophy. Nine patients got satisfied results according to ZHANG Hao's evaluation, and AOFAS score was excellent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Descending branch of the anterior lateral malleolar artery based anterograde island flap for repairing foot and ankle wounds, which has advantages of protect main vessel, thin flap, is a simple and effective method.</p>

Controllable Growth of Nanoporous Metal Oxide Composites on Nickel-Titanium Alloy Fibers for Selective Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 分析化学

Hydrothermal oxidation was used to prepare a nickel-titanium alloy ( NiTi ) solid-phase microextraction fiber. The experimental results demonstrated that a nanoporous NiTi oxide composite coating was in situ grown on the surface of NiTi substrate by direct oxidation in aqueous H2 O2 solution at 80℃. The resulting composite oxide coating included more nickel and less titanium. The prepared NiTi fiber with Ni-rich oxide coating was used to extract typical aromatic compounds coupled with HPLC-UV and exhibited good extraction selectivity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs). The key factors affecting extraction efficiency of PAHs were examined. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range from 0. 05 to 500 ng / mL with correlation coefficients ≥0. 999, and the limits of detection were 0. 026-0. 056 ng / mL. Furthermore, the relative standard deviations ( RSDs) for intra-day and inter-day repeatability of the single fiber varied from 4. 8% to 6. 2% and from 5. 4% to 6. 5% for five replicates of PAHs at the spiking level of 50 ng / mL, respectively. The RSDs for the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility of five fibers prepared in different batches ranged from 6. 4% to 8. 4% . This method was suitable for selective enrichment and detection of target PAHs in environmental water samples with relative recoveries of 87. 4% -108. 2% and RSDs <8. 1% . Moreover, this novel NiTi fiber was mechanically strong and chemically stable, and its preparation was precisely controllable.

Relationships between training burnout, body mass index, plasma glucose and blood lipids of soldiers / 军事医学

Objective To explore the relationships between training burnout , body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and blood lipids of soldiers .Methods A total of 140 soldiers stationed in Xinjiang who had received intensive behavioral stress training before entering the plateau ( referred to as the "great intensity training") were studied by the integrated method of a questionnaire survey with test in situ .The questionnaire was a self-compiled soldiers′training burnout questionnaire ,in which BMI , FPG, and blood lipids were the observation indices .The relationships between the indices and training burnout were analyzed by linear regression analysis .Results The total score of training burnout and scores of training alienation among soldiers were significantly increased after high intensity training (P<0.01).While the values of FPG, TC, TG and BMI among soldiers were significantly decreased after high intensity training (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total scores of training burnout and score of training alienation among overweight soldiers were significantly compared to higher than those who had normal BMI (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of FPG were significantly increased those who had low levels of FPG (P<0.01).And the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of cholesterol were significantly higher than those of soldiers who had low levels of cholesterol (P<0.01).Regres-sion analysis showed that there was a linear regression relationship between physical and mental exhaustion , training aliena-tion on one hand, and BMI, FPG, total cholesterol (TC),and triglycerides (TG) on the other hand among soldiers before and after intensive training (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion Physical and mental exhaustion are important influencing factors of FPG and TC, while training alienation is an important influencing factor of TC and TG .

Relationships between training burnout, body mass index, plasma glucose and blood lipids of soldiers / 军事医学

Objective To explore the relationships between training burnout , body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and blood lipids of soldiers .Methods A total of 140 soldiers stationed in Xinjiang who had received intensive behavioral stress training before entering the plateau ( referred to as the "great intensity training") were studied by the integrated method of a questionnaire survey with test in situ .The questionnaire was a self-compiled soldiers′training burnout questionnaire ,in which BMI , FPG, and blood lipids were the observation indices .The relationships between the indices and training burnout were analyzed by linear regression analysis .Results The total score of training burnout and scores of training alienation among soldiers were significantly increased after high intensity training (P<0.01).While the values of FPG, TC, TG and BMI among soldiers were significantly decreased after high intensity training (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total scores of training burnout and score of training alienation among overweight soldiers were significantly compared to higher than those who had normal BMI (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of FPG were significantly increased those who had low levels of FPG (P<0.01).And the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of cholesterol were significantly higher than those of soldiers who had low levels of cholesterol (P<0.01).Regres-sion analysis showed that there was a linear regression relationship between physical and mental exhaustion , training aliena-tion on one hand, and BMI, FPG, total cholesterol (TC),and triglycerides (TG) on the other hand among soldiers before and after intensive training (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion Physical and mental exhaustion are important influencing factors of FPG and TC, while training alienation is an important influencing factor of TC and TG .

Positive Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Risk Alleles Near CDKAL1 and Reduced Birthweight in Chinese Han Individuals / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Fetal insulin hypothesis was proposed that the association between low birth weight and type 2 diabetes is principally genetically mediated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether common variants in genes CDKAL1, HHEX, ADCY5, SRR, PTPRD that predisposed to type 2 diabetes were also associated with reduced birthweight in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7756992/rs10946398 in CDKAL1, rs1111875 in HHEX, rs391300 in SRR, rs17584499 in PTPRD, rs1170806/rs9883204/rs4678017/rs9881942/rs7641344/rs6777397/rs6226243 in ADCY5) were genotyped in 1174 unrelated individuals born in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1921 to 1954 by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, of which 645 had normal glucose tolerance, 181 had developed type 2 diabetes and 348 impaired glucose regulation. Associations of these 12 genetic variants with birthweight and glucose metabolism in later life were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Birthweight was inversely associated with CDKAL1-rs10946398 (β = -41 g [95% confidence interval [CI]: -80, -3], P = 0.034), common variants both associated with increased risk of impaired glucose metabolism and decreased insulin secretion index later in life. After adjusting for sex, gestational weeks, parity and maternal age, the risk allele of CDKAL1-rs7756992 was associated with reduced birthweight (β = -36 g [95% CI: -72, -0.2], P = 0.048). The risk allele in SRR showed a trend toward a reduction of birthweight (P = 0.085).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study identified the association between type 2 diabetes risk variants in CDKAL1 and birthweight in Chinese Han individuals, and the carrier of risk allele within SRR had the trend of reduced birthweight. This demonstrates that there is a clear overlap between the genetics of type 2 diabetes and fetal growth, which proposes that lower birth weight and type 2 diabetes may be two phenotypes of one genotype.</p>

Variants of Interleukin-7/Interleukin-7 Receptor Alpha are Associated with Both Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis Among Chinese Han Population in Southeastern China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the central nerve system. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rα) were proved to be important in the pathogenesis of both diseases because of the roles they played in the differentiations of autoimmune lymphocytes. The variants of both genes had been identified to be associated with MS susceptibility in Caucasian, Japanese and Korean populations. However, the association of these variants with NMO and MS has not been well studied in Chinese Southeastern Han population. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association of six IL-7 variants (rs1520333, rs1545298, rs4739140, rs6993386, rs7816065, and rs2887502) and one variant of IL-7RA (rs6897932) with NMO and MS among Chinese Han population in southeastern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MassARRAY system) and Sanger sequencing were used to determine the variants of IL-7 and IL-7RA in 167 NMO patients, 159 MS patients and 479 healthy controls among Chinese Han population in southeastern China. Samples were excluded if the genotyping success rate <90%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Statistical differences were observed in the genotypes of IL-7 rs1520333 in MS patients and IL-7RA rs6897932 in NMO patients, compared with healthy controls (P = 0.035 and 0.034, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in the genotypes of IL-7 rs2887502 between MS and NMO patients (P = 0.014). And there were statistically significant differences in the rs6897932 genotypes (P = 0.004) and alleles (P = 0.042) between NMO-IgG positive patients and healthy controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The study suggested that among Chinese Han population in southeastern China, the variant of IL-7RA (rs6897932) was associated with NMO especially NMO-IgG positive patients while the variant of IL-7 (rs1520333) with MS patients. And the genotypic differences of IL-7 rs2887502 between MS and NMO indicated the different genetic backgrounds of these two diseases.</p>

Irradiation Response of Adipose-derived Stem Cells under Three-dimensional Culture Condition / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Adipose tissue distributes widely in human body. The irradiation response of the adipose cells in vivo remains to be investigated. In this study we investigated irradiation response of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) under three-dimensional culture condition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ASCs were isolated and cultured in low attachment dishes to form three-dimensional (3D) spheres in vitro. The neuronal differentiation potential and stem-liked characteristics was monitored by using immunofluoresence staining and flow cytometry in monolayer and 3D culture. To investigate the irradiation sensitivity of 3D sphere culture, the fraction of colony survival and micronucleus were detected in monolayer and 3D culture. Soft agar assays were performed for measuring malignant transformation for the irradiated monolayer and 3D culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3D cultured ASCs had higher differentiation potential and an higher stem-like cell percentage. The 3D cultures were more radioresistant after either high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ion beam or low LET X-ray irradiation compared with the monolayer cell. The ASCs' potential of cellular transformation was lower after irradiation by soft agar assay.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings suggest that adipose tissue cell are relatively genomic stable and resistant to genotoxic stress.</p>

Effect of NaFeEDTA-Fortified Soy Sauce on Anemia Prevalence in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA)-fortified soy sauce on anemia prevalence in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systematic review was performed to identify potential studies by searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, WHO Library, HighWire, CNKI, and other sources. The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce with that of non-fortified soy sauce. Anemia rates and hemoglobin levels were the outcomes of interest. Inclusion decisions, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria for anemia rate analysis, of which 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for hemoglobin analysis. All included studies assessed the effect of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce on anemia rates and hemoglobin concentrations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the intervention, the hemoglobin concentration increased and anemia rates decreased significantly as compared with the non-fortified soy sauce groups. For anemia rates, data from 16 studies could be pooled, and the pooled estimate odds ratio was 0.25 (95% CI 0.19-0.35). For hemoglobin concentrations, data from 12 studies could be pooled, and the pooled weighted mean difference was 8.81 g/L (95% CI 5.96-11.67).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce has a positive effect on anemia control and prevention in the at-risk population.</p>

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Dementia Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) dementia and Alzheimer(')s disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Levels of amyloid protein β (Aβ42, Aβ40) and phosphorylated Tau-protein (P-tau) in CSF and ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 were tested in 5 cases with CAA dementia and 20 cases with Alzheimer's disease collected at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2001 to March 2011.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, and P-tau in CSF and ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 were (660.4 ± 265.2) ng/L, (7111.0 ± 1033.4) ng/L, (71.8 ± 51.5) ng/L, and 0.077 ± 0.033, respectively in CAA dementia and (663.6 ± 365.6) ng/L, (5115.0 ± 2931.1) ng/L, (47.7 ± 38.8) ng/L, and 0.192 ± 0.140, respectively in Alzheimer's disease patients. There were no statistically significant differences between CAA dementia and Alzheimer's disease in terms of these CSF biomarkers (all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Measurements of CSF biomarkers may not be helpful in differential diagnosis of CAA and Alzheimer's disease.</p>

Variants of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 are Associated with Neither Neuromyelitis Optica Nor Multiple Sclerosis in the Southeastern Han Chinese Population / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a common susceptibility gene to different autoimmune disorders. However, the association of IRF5 variants with NMO and MS patients has not been well studied. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether IRF5 variants were associated with NMO and MS in the Southeastern Han Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry in 111 NMO patients, 145 MS patients and 300 controls from Southeastern China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>None of these 4 SNPs was associated with NMO or MS patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our preliminary study indicates that genetic variants in IRF5 may affect neither NMO nor MS in the Southeastern Han Chinese population. Further studies with a large sample size and diverse ancestry populations are needed to clarify this issue.</p>

Percutaneous fixation for the treatment of un-displaced scaphoid fractures with herbert cannulated screws through volar approach / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the experience of percutaneous fixation of scaphoid fractures with Herbert screws through volar approach, and provide a reliable and efficient treatment method for scaphoid fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2008 to September 2012,15 patients with scaphoid fractures were treated by percutaneous fixation with Herbert cannulated screws through volar approach including 14 males and 1 female with an average age of 35 years ranging from 25 to 45 years old. Among them, 10 cases were on left side and 5 cases were on right side. Durations from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 10 days with an average of 5 days. All these cases were identified as B2 type according to the Herbert classification based on X-ray and CT scan. In order to assess the function of wrist, all patients were calculated according to Krimmer's score postoperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The follow-up period were from 5 to 18 months with an average of 10 months. At 3 months after operation,X-ray was re-checked every month. All the patients achieved bone union with a mean time of 10 weeks (ranged from 7 to 14 weeks) postoperatively. According to Krimmer's score, 14 cases gained 100 scores as perfect and one case got 90 scores as good. The small volar incision of all patients were union at the first period. No operation complications such as infection and nonunion occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Percutaneous fixation with Herbert cannulated screws through volar approach is a reliable and efficient treatment method for scaphoid fractures with small invasion, high bone union rate, and fewer complications.</p>