Effects of malnutrition on child survival in China as estimated by PROFILES / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the benefits of reductions in underweight and Vitamin A deficiency for child survival in China that might be expected as a result of lowering the prevalence of these conditions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Profiles, a process of nutrition policy analysis was used to quantify the functional consequences of malnutrition in terms of child survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Underweight: The actual reduction in underweight between 1992 and 2001 (from 15.7% to the current 10.1%) resulted in saving of 176,000 child lives. As estimated, without improvements, 612,000 children will die due to underweight between 2001 and 2010, 281,000 (46%) of them living in western provinces. Reducing underweight prevalence from 10.1% to 8% could overall save 62,000 lives. The reduction of underweight prevalence in the west alone might save 56,000 lives. Vitamin A in China as a whole, vitamin A deficiency accounts, as estimated, for 7.5% of deaths of children 6-59 months old, representing 206,000 deaths over the past ten years. Halving the prevalence over the period would save 49,000 child lives. The higher prevalence and higher mortality rates in western provinces mean that even with only 28% of the Chinese population, over half of child deaths there are related to vitamin A.</p>

Effects of malnutrition on economic productivity in China as estimated by PROFILES / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To calculate the effects of malnutrition on economic productivity in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PROFILES was used to quantify the function consequences of malnutrition in term of protein energy malnutrition, iron deficiency and iodine deficiency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Productivity gained due to improved iodine nutrition. The reduction in the TGR in 1992 to 2001 increased the net present value of further economic productivity by yen 142 billion. Reduction of the TGR rate to 5% over next 10 years would result in future productivity gains with value of yen 40 billion. Productivity gain due to reductions in child stunting would result in future economic productivity gains with the value of yen 101 billion. Reducing stunting further over the next 10 years would gain yen 20 billion. Productivity gain due to reduction of iron deficiency anemia reduced by 30% over the next 10 years would gain worth yen 107 billion and if childhood anemia reduced by 30% over next 10 years would gain yen 348 billion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These interventions have huge economic payoff. That is likely to exceed their costs many times over.</p>

Epidemiological survey of chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetic in-patients in four municipalities / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide an epidemiological description and risk factors of chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetic in-patients in four municipalities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of the study came from 3,469 Type 2 diabetic in-patients from 1991 to 2000 in 10 medical centers of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing. A variety of parameters of in-patients were evaluated retrospectively to know the prevalence and risk factors of chronic vascular complications in the study patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, the detailed prevalence of chronic vascular complications is listed as follows: diabetic retinopathy 31.5%, diabetic nephropathy 39.7%, diabetic neuropathy 51.1%, hypertension 41.8%, coronary heart disease (CHD) 25.1%, cerebral vascular disease (CVD) 17.3%, vessel complication of lower limbs 9.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that diabetes family history, duration of diabetes (> 5 years), and systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg) are the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy; duration of diabetes (> 5 years), systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg), LDL-C (> 3.12 mmol/L), and triglyceride (> 1.70 mmol/L) are the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy; age (> 45 years), duration of diabetes (> 5 years), HbA1C (> 7.0%), systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg), and LDL-C (> 3.12 mmol/L), are the risk factors for CHD; age (> 45 years), duration of diabetes (> 5 years), systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg), and triglyceride (> 1.70 mmol/L) are the risk factors for CVD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In order to improve patients' outcome, multiple metabolic controls in type 2 diabetic patients are urgently needed, which include decreasing glycemia, reducing hypertension and improving lipid levels.</p>