Predictive values of bilirubin for in-hospital adverse events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract Purpose To investigate the association between serum bilirubin levels and in-hospital Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) in patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 418 patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI were enrolled from October 1st, 2021 to October 31st 2022. The average age of enrolled participants was 59.23 years, and 328 patients (78.50%) were male patients. Patients were divided into MACE (patients with angina pectoris after infarction, recurrent myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, malignant arrhythmias, or death after primary PCI) (n = 98) and non-MACE (n = 320) groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between different bilirubin levels including Total Bilirubin (TB), Direct Bilirubin (DB), Indirect Bilirubin (IDB), and risk of in-hospital MACE. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the accuracy of bilirubin levels in predicting in-hospital MACE. Results The incidence of MACE in STEMI patients increased from the lowest to the highest bilirubin tertiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased total bilirubin level was an independent predictor of in-hospital MACE in patients with STEMI (p for trend = 0.02). Compared to the first TB group, the ORs for risk of MACE were 1.58 (95% CI 0.77‒3.26) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.13‒4.59) in the second and third TB groups, respectively. The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for TB, DB and IDB in predicting in-hospital MACE were 0.642 (95% CI 0.578‒0.705, p < 0.001), 0.676 (95% CI 0.614‒0.738, p < 0.001), and 0.619 (95% CI 0.554‒0.683, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions The current study showed that elevated TB, DB, and IDB levels are independent predictors of in-hospital MACE in patients with STEMI after primary PCI, and that DB has a better predictive value than TB and IDB.

Associations of negative life events and coping styles with sleep quality among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND@#Limited published research has examined the relationships of negative life events and coping styles with sleep quality in Chinese junior high school students. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and to clarify the role of coping styles between negative life events and sleep quality.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study of 3081 students was conducted in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Southeastern China. Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were applied to assess negative life events, coping styles, and sleep quality, respectively. Descriptive analyses, independent-samples t tests, one-way analyses of variance, Pearson correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 26.7%. Negative life events (B = 0.038, P 0.05). The association between negative life events and sleep quality was mediated by negative coping styles.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our results indicated that poor sleep quality was common in these Chinese adolescents. Negative life events and negative coping style were associated with an increased prevalence of poor sleep quality, while the positive coping style was related to a decreased prevalence of poor sleep quality. A negative coping style mediated the association between negative life events and sleep quality.

Establishment and associated factors of health records among young Chinese migrants

BACKGROUND@#Most Chinese migrants have been faced with obstacles to getting access to local public health services. Young migrants among internal migrants make a major contribution to the economy. However, the establishment of their health records has been ignored. This research was aimed at exploring the status and associated factors of the establishment of health records among young Chinese migrants.@*METHODS@#Data were obtained from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed to investigate the associated factors of the establishment of health records among young Chinese migrants.@*RESULTS@#Approximately 30.2% of young migrants had their health records established in inflow communities. Urban residence, medical insurance (insured), and lower average monthly household income were attributed to the establishment of more health records. Young migrants who were in northeast China and across provinces and immigrated for working or engaging in trade were less likely to have health records established. Young migrants who participated in social activities and public affairs activities and took type of people in touch as natives in the inflow area showed a higher possibility of establishing health records. Meanwhile, receiving health education and hearing about national basic public health services (BPHSs) were beneficial for establishing the health records of more young migrants.@*CONCLUSION@#This study showed that the health records of young migrants had a relatively low establishment rate. Sociodemographic and migration characteristics, health status, public health services, and social integration factors were all related to the health record establishment of young Chinese migrants.

Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of Chrysomyia Megacephala Pupae in Different Growing Periods / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the growth regulation, environmental adaption and epigenetic regulation of Chrysomyia Megacephala pupae, in order to obtain the transcriptome data of Chrysomyia Megacephala in different growing periods, and lay the foundation for forensic application. Methods The Chrysomyia Megacephala was cultivated and after pupation, 3 pupae were collected every 24 h from pupation to emergence, and stored at -80 ℃ for later use. High-throughput sequencing was performed by Illumina Hiseq 4000 and Unigenes were obtained. The Unigenes were compared by comparison tool BLAST from NCBI in databases such as NR, STRING, SWISS-PROT （including Pfam）, GO, COG, KEGG in order to obtain the corresponding annotation information. The expression amount of Unigenes obtained by sequencing in Chrysomyia Megacephala in six different growing periods was calculated by FPKM method, and the discrepant genes were screened according to the following standards： the log2 multiple absolute value of FPKM expression amount between two different growing periods must be larger than 1 （log2|FC|>1）, and the false discovery rate must be less than 0.05. Results When the mean temperature was 25.6 ℃, Chrysomyia Megacephala emerged 6 d after they pupated. A total of 43 408 pieces of Unigenes were obtained and their mean length was 905 bp, of which 32 500, 18 720, 13 542, 9 191 and 18 720 pieces were annotated by NR, SWISS-PORT, Pfam, STRING and KEGG databases. According to the discrepant gene analysis of pupae in two different growing periods, the number of genes with variants ranged from 801 to 5 307, and the total number of discrepant genes was 45 676. Conclusion The gene expressions of the transcriptome data of Chrysomyia Megacephala pupae in different growing periods are different. The results provided a good foundation for further research on the transcriptome changes in each period of the pupae of sarcosaprophagous flies and provided the basis for exploring the genes associated with the growth of Chrysomyia Megacephala pupae.

The Associations of Family Functioning, General Well-Being,and Exercise with Mental Health among End-Stage RenalDisease Patients

Objective@#This study aims to explore the relationships of family functioning, general well-being, and exercise with psychological distress.Furthermore, we investigated the special roles of general well-being and exercise on the association between family functioningand psychological distress. @*Methods@#Of 769 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients participated in the cross-sectional study which consisted of the 12-item GeneralHealth Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Family APGAR Scales, and the General Well-Being Schedule. The collected data were analyzedusing multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. @*Results@#The prevalence of psychological distress was 72.3%. Family functioning, general well-being and exercise were associated factorsof psychological distress (p<0.05). The indirect effect of family functioning on psychological distress was partially mediated by generalwell-being (Effect=-0.08, 95% CI=-0.11, -0.04). In addition, the effect of family functioning on general well-being was moderated byexercise (Index=-0.092, SE=0.033, 95% CI=-0.159, -0.029). @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of psychological distress among ESRD patients was high. Family functioning, general well-being and exercisewere associated with psychological distress. Family functioning could affect psychological distress partially by affecting general wellbeing.Furthermore, exercise had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between family functioning and general well-being.Psychiatry Investig 2020;17(4):356-365

Bioinformatics analysis of safflower WD40 transcription factor family genes / 中国中药杂志

The WD40 transcription factor family is a gene superfamily widely found in eukaryotes, which is closely related to plant growth and development regulation. It has been reported that the WD40 transcription factor was involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins, which is one of the vital components of safflower flavonoid compounds. In this study, 40 CtWD40 members in the safflower genome were identified though bioinformatics tools and gene expression analysis methods. According to the WD40 protein sequence and phylogenetic characteristics of Arabidopsis and other plants, the safflower CtWD40 family was classified into 7 subfamilies. Conservative motif analysis was used to reveal the specific conserved motifs and gene structures of each subfamily member, and there exist a certain degree of similarities in the conserved motifs and gene structure between the closely related family members. Subsequently, the search for cis-acting elements of gene promoters found CtWD40-specific promoter elements, revealing the metabolic pathways which may involve. Next, enrichment of function analysis was employed to analyze the functional categories and cellular localization of the CtWD40 protein. Furthermore, the interactions between CtWD40 proteins predicted its potential regulatory function. Finally, 19 members of the safflower CtWD40 subfamily were analyzed by qRT-PCR, the result showed the expression patterns of these members were different in diverse tissue and flowering period. This study provides a basis for the functional and expression research of the CtWD40 genes.

Evaluating mucosal injuries of low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid regimen in bowel preparation / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the bowel-cleansing efficacy, patient security and mucosal injury of low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid regimen. Methods Five hundred patients referred for colonoscopy were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Group A received low-volume PEG regimen, Group B received sodium phosphate (NaP) regimen for bowel preparation. Patients of the two groups drank solution 5 h before colonoscopies, serum creatinine and electrolyte were monitored at 5 h and 3 h before colonoscopies. The bowel-cleansing efficacy was rated during colonoscopy. All mucosal injuries observed during colonoscopy were biopsied and histopathologically reviewed. Results The patients of group A completed bowel preparation of 233 cases, completed colonoscopy 226 Cases, group B completed bowel preparation 238 cases, completed colonoscopy 210 cases. There was no significant difference in bowel cleansing between the groups (P > 0.05). Group A reported less incidence rate of the mucosal injuries than Group B. Group A reported better patient security than Group B at the same time. Conclusion Compared with sodium phosphate (NaP) regimen low-volume Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) plus ascorbic acid regimen exhibited equivalent bowel-cleansing efficacy and less incidence rate of the mucosal injuries and better patient security.

Effect of Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Management Quality Control Center on Promoting the Rational Use of Antibacterial Agents in Hospitals / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To describe the effect of Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Management Quality Control Center(JPMQCC)on promoting the rational use of antibacterial agents in hospitals. METHODS:Measures in promoting the rational use of antibacterial agents taken by JPMQCC were introduced. Effect of quality control center on promoting the rational use of antibacterial agents was analyzed by collecting data(such as antibacterial prescription proportion,inpatients'use rate of antibacterial agents)about the clini-cal use of antibacterial agents during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2017 in"Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Management Quality Control Network Report-ing System"established by JPMQCC. RESULTS:Measures implemented and developed by quality center included strictly imple-menting classification management and filing system of antibacterial agents,and carrying out basic information survey for applying antibacterial agents,etc. Applying data of antibacterial agents in totally 65 hospitals were collected. Analysis results showed,com-pared with Jan. 2014,antibacterial prescription proportion for outpatient of sample hospitals in Jan. 2017 was decreased from 18.37% to 14.63%,and antibacterial prescription proportion for emergency was increased from 34.94% to 37.92%. Inpatients'use rate of antibacterial agents was decreased from 56.11%to 51.28%,and its intensity was decreased from 49.74 to 44.13. The preven-tive use rate for thyroid,breast and hernia surgery was decreased from 35.27% to 8.88%,and in interventional surgery diagnosis, it was decreased from 12.55% to 2.46%. Pathogenic detection rate of inpatients was increased from 48.44% to 54.60%. CONCLU-SIONS:The quality control management in JPMQCC for more than 3 years has promoted the rational use of antibacterial agents of 65 hospitals in Jiangsu province.

Analysis of Clinical Rational Use Evaluation and Blood Concentration Monitoring of Vancomycin in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:The medical records of 299 pa-tients receiving vancomycin in our hospital during Jan. 2015-Jun. 2016 were collected and analyzed statistically in respects of drug use,medication rationality,etiological test results,blood concentration of vancomycin,therapeutic efficacy,adverse drug reac-tion,etc. RESULTS:Vancomycin was mostly used as therapy drug in our hospital,mainly empiric treatment(90.30%);detection rate of samples before medication was 61.82%,and specific pathogens were detected in 52 cases(28.42%). There were 69 cases of irrational drug use(23.08%),which were unsuitable drug concentration. Monitoring rate of vancomycin concentration was 43.33%;trough concentration remained at 10-20 mg/L,accounting for 40.00%. Response rate was 79.39%.The incidence of acute kidney injury was 5.41% after treatment. CONCLUSIONS:The examination rate before medication and blood concentration moni-toring rate of vancomycin are in low level in our hospital. The patients with effective trough blood concentration accounts for low proportion.Clinical application management of vancomycin should be strengthened to promote individual medication.

Analysis of Clinical Rational Use Evaluation and Blood Concentration Monitoring of Vancomycin in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:The medical records of 299 pa-tients receiving vancomycin in our hospital during Jan. 2015-Jun. 2016 were collected and analyzed statistically in respects of drug use,medication rationality,etiological test results,blood concentration of vancomycin,therapeutic efficacy,adverse drug reac-tion,etc. RESULTS:Vancomycin was mostly used as therapy drug in our hospital,mainly empiric treatment(90.30%);detection rate of samples before medication was 61.82%,and specific pathogens were detected in 52 cases(28.42%). There were 69 cases of irrational drug use(23.08%),which were unsuitable drug concentration. Monitoring rate of vancomycin concentration was 43.33%;trough concentration remained at 10-20 mg/L,accounting for 40.00%. Response rate was 79.39%.The incidence of acute kidney injury was 5.41% after treatment. CONCLUSIONS:The examination rate before medication and blood concentration moni-toring rate of vancomycin are in low level in our hospital. The patients with effective trough blood concentration accounts for low proportion.Clinical application management of vancomycin should be strengthened to promote individual medication.

Effect of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemia on Cognitive Performance in Adult Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-analysis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and extent of cognitive impairment in adult diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with episodes of recurrent severe hypoglycemia,by using meta-analysis to synthesize data across studies.PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane library search engines were used to identify studies on cognitive performance in DM patients with recurrent severe hypoglycemia.Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on seven eligible studies using an inverse-variance method.Effect sizes,which are the standardized differences between the experimental group and the control group,were calculated.Of the 853 studies,7 studies met the inclusion criteria.Compared with control subjects,the adult DM patients with episodes of recurrent severe hypoglycemia demonstrated a significantly lowered performance on memory in both types of DM patients,and poor performance of processing speed in type 2 DM patients.There was no significant difference between adult DM patients with and those without severe hypoglycemia in other cognitive domains such as general intelligence,executive function,processing speed and psychomotor efficiency.Our results seem to confirm the hypothesis that cognitive dysfunction is characterized by worse memory and processing speed in adult DM patients with a history of recurrent severe hypoglycemia,whereas general intelligence,executive function,and psychomotor efficiency are spared.

Application of RFID Medicine Logistic Box in the Inpatient Pharmacy of Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To achieve the drug intelligent supervision in transportation within hospital and storage process,and promote quality safety of drugs. METHODS:The function and operation of Radio frequency identification(RFID)medicine logis-tic box was introduced,its application in one year in inpatient pharmacy of our hospital since Sept. 2013 was summarized,and its application effect and deficiency were analyzed. RESULTS:RFID medicine logistic box showed heat preservation and locking func-tions,which can be used for the cold-chain medicine and lock packing transportation for the ward. It can achieve information bind-ing after connecting with corresponding platform,record real-time record temperature,logistic box opening and closing information and data,as well as a variety of ways to alarm by SMS and mail,etc. However,failed login server and unpacking caused by unsta-ble wireless signals were found when applying the box,also drug damage and other defects were caused by unreasonable box struc-ture. And the daily average incidence dropped from the initial period (Nov. 2013) 11.9 times (cases) to the late period (Sept. 2014) 3.3 times (cases) after continuous improvement. CONCLUSIONS:Applying of medicine logistic box can strengthen cold-chain transport integrity and regulatory information in our hospital,ensure the safety of drug transport and query traceability of information.

Polymorphisms of 19 STR Loci in Guizhou Han Population and Their Forensic Application / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the allelic distribution of 19 autosomal STR loci in Guizhou Han population,and to estimate the forensic application value.Methods The 19 autosomal STR loci in 520 unrelated healthy individuals from Guizhou Han population were studied using GoldeneyeTM 20A kit.The 310 genetic analyzer was used for capillary electrophoresis,and the GeneMapper(R) ID v3.1 for genotyping.Results The heterozygosis,the discrimination power,the probability of exclusion,the polymorphism information content,the cumulative discrimination power and the cumulative probability of exclusion of the 19 STR loci were 0.603 8-0.9164,0.7900-0.985 6,0.295 5-0.8269,0.553 5-0.9089,1-1.2300×10-22 and 0.999 999 99,respectively.Compared with other five Han populations in pairwise allelic frequencies,Guizhou Han only had significant differences with Shandong Han,Liaoning Han and Shanxi Han.Conclusion The 19 autosomal STR loci such as D19S433 have a highly genetic polymorphic in Guizhou Han population,which have application values in the researches of population genetics and forensic genetics.

Clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of high myopia with macular hemorrhage / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To study the treatment effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of high myopia macular hemorrhage, using Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation treatment, and provide the basis for the clinical treatment. METHODS: Eighty patients ( 135 eyes ) with high myopia macular hemorrhage were selected in the hospital from January 2012 to september 2014 as treatment group, and applied traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Forty-five patients (64 eyes) with the same period, as the control group, received routine western medicine treatment. After 1mo treatement, the treatment effect and vision improvement situation of two groups were observed, and after 6mo follow-up, the relapse was observed.RESULTS: The total effective rate of treatment group was 85. 19% (115/135), higher than the control group 78. 13% (50/64) (P<0. 05). The average corrected visual acuity of treatment group was 0. 48±0. 11, higher than the control group 0. 36 ± 0. 09, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The average diopter and macular bleeding scope of the treatment group were -9. 81±0. 85D and 0. 51 ± 0. 27PD, lower than the control group -10. 76 ± 0. 91D and 0. 78 ± 0. 23PD, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ). The eye ground hemorrhage absorption time of treatment group was 25. 34±2. 28d, less than the control group 29. 72 ± 2. 13d, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The bleeding again of the control group 7. 81% ( 5/64 ), higher than the treatment group was 5. 19% (7/135), the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Evidence-based treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for high myopia macular hemorrhage has good clinical effect, can shorten the treatment time, and is beneficial to the recovery of postoperative vision, worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Educational reform of epidemiology practice for clinical students / 基础医学与临床

Epidemiology is a discipline characterized by complicated theory and practice.How to make the practice course function better is a topic worthy of exploring in educational reform for clinical students.The article explored the‘Student-Dominated’ Model based on ‘Problem-Based Learning ’ and ‘Team Based Learning ’ in teaching process and compared the model with the traditional one ( Teacher-Dominated Model) .Suggestions were given to further improve effectiveness of epidemiology practice courses.

Double steel plate and Y-type steel plate for intercondylar humeral fractures:the selection of surgical approach / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:With the development of AO, the treatment of intercondylar humeral fractures with open reduction has been a trend. However, the methods of fixation become many. There is no conclusion of which method is optimal. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effect of two kinds of different fixation methods (Y-type steel plate and double steel plate) for intercondylar humeral fractures via different surgical approaches. METHODA retrospective analysis of clinical data of 86 cases of fresh intercondylar humeral fractures in the Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, between December 2003 and May 2014 were conducted in this study. According to the different fixation materials, patients were divided into two groupdouble steel group (n=44, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 22 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 22 cases), Y-type steel group (n=42, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 21 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 21 cases). The clinical curative effect and related complications of the two groups after operation were analyzed. During fol ow-up, modified Cassebaum elbow scoring system was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After fol owed up for 12-36 months, the total excellent and good rate of Y-type steel plate was 76%and the total excellent and good rate of double steel plate was 77%. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). But interestingly, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance and the difference was statistical y significant (P<0.05). Above data suggested that Y-type steel plate and double steel plate were effective ways in the repair of intercondylar humeral fractures. However, for different surgical approaches, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance.

Genetic polymorphisms of Investigator Argus X-12 amplification system in Guangdong Han population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 12 X chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci of Investigator Argus X-12 amplification kit in Guangdong Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA samples from 200 unrelated individuals (100 males and 100 females) and 103 families (59 father-mother-daughter trios and 44 mother-son duos) were extracted and amplified with fluorescence labeled multiplex PCR system. PCR products were separated and genotyped with capillary array electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and thirty-seven alleles,including 9 off ladder alleles (OL allele) were observed at the 12 X-STR loci in the population. Six mutations were observed in 162 meioses. The combined power of discrimination (DP) was 0.999 999 997 in males and 0.999 999 999 in females, and the combined mean exclusion chance (MEC) was 0.999 999 988 in the trio cases and 0.999 998 013 in the duo cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Investigator-Argus X-12 amplification system is highly polymorphic in Guangdong Han population and it is powerful for personal identification and paternity testing.</p>

Cinnamaldehyde ofloxacin-3-ylhydrazone induces apoptosis of human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells / 药学学报

This study is to observe the effect of N-(3-phenylallylidene)-6-fluoro-1, 8-(2, 1-propoxy)-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-quinolin-4(1H)-one-3-carbonyl hyarazine (FQ16) on apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. With different concentrations of FQ16 at different times used to treat SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, the proliferation of the cells and the inhibition effect of FQ16 on the cell proliferation were examined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258/PI fluorescence staining, TUNEL and agarose gel electrophoresis method. The effect of FQ16 on topoisomerase II activity was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis using Plasmid pBR322 DNA as the substrate. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, delta psi m) was measured by high content screening image system. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression changes of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA. The caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions were detected by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that the cell proliferation was inhibited by FQ16 at 0.625 - 10 micromol L(-1) in a time-dose dependent manner. Treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with different concentrations of FQ16 for 24 h increased the percentage of the apoptosis cells obviously (P<0.05), the typical ladder DNA in apoptotic cells and a concomitant dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared with control group, FQ16 influenced obviously DNA topoisomerase II activity, stimulated DNA cleavage and inhibited DNA reunion mediated by topoisomerase II. In addition, FQ16 (3 - 7.39 micromol L(-1)) increased mRNA expression of Bax and protein expression of p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3, separately, and induced cytosolic accumulation of activities caspase-9 and caspase-3, whereas the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 decreased with no change of caspase-8. Therefore it can be concluded that the effects of inhibited topoisomerase II and mitochondrial-dependent pathways were involved in FQ16 induction of apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells.

Effect of β-catenin gene silencing by shRNA on biologic characteristics of human esophageal carcinoma cells / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated gene silencing of β-catenin on the biological characteristics of esophageal carcinoma cells, and to provide theoretical and experimental evidence for the gene therapy of esophageal carcinoma through target inhibition of β-catenin gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single strand DNA was synthesized according to the hairpin RNA sequence, and then subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector pGenesil-3 to construct a shRNA-expression pDNAs driven by human U6 promoter of β-catenin (pGen-3-CTNNB1). One additional construct of random siRNA (pGen-3-con) without homologous to any human genes was constructed in a similar fashion as control.Positive clones were identified and verified by restriction cleavage and DNA sequencing analyses. pGen-3-CTNNB1 and pGen-3-con were then transfected into esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca-109 with liposome, respectively. Positive colonies were selected with G418. Expression of β-catenin protein and mRNA in the transfected and nontransfected Eca-109 cells were examined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, respectively. Xenograft tumor model was used to compare the tumorigenesis of three different cells.Expressions of β-catenin in all tumor tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry staining. The invasive abilities of three different cells were examined with transwell invasion filter and Matrigel.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>β-catenin expression levels were found markedly decreased in Eca-109 cells transfected with pGen-3-CTNNB1. In vivo, transfection with β-catenin shRNA greatly impeded the tumor growth, pGen-3-con (1.18 ± 0.13) g, Eca-109 (1.38 ± 0.21) g, pGen-3-CTNNB1 (0.42 ± 0.09) g, P < 0.05. Immunohistochemistry staining showed a significantly decreased expression of β-catenin in β-catenin shRNA transfected cells than in random shRNA transfected and nontransfected cells (P < 0.05). The infiltration abilities of esophageal carcinoma cells were significantly suppressed, pGen-3-con (81 ± 5)/HPF, Eca-109 (77 ± 6)/HPF, pGen-3-CTNNB1 (41 ± 4)/HPF, P < 0.01; along with significantly decreased migration abilities, pGen-3-con (73 ± 5)/HPF, Eca-109 (69 ± 5)/HPF, pGen-3-CTNNB1 (38 ± 4)/HPF (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are abnormal expression of β-catenin and activation of Wnt signaling pathway in human esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca-109. RNA interference targeting β-catenin gene suppresses the growth of xenograft tumorigenesis in nude mouse and the invasiveness and metastatic capability of esophageal carcinoma cells.</p>