Research progress of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations / 中国人兽共患病学报

By the end of 2015,all over the world there were around 17 million HIV/AIDS cases received antiretroviral therapy,the HIV-1 morbidity and mortality decreased rapidly.With antiretroviral treatment to all HIV infected persons,HIV resistance mutation is also a threat to the long-term treatment and also,had a negative impact on the important public health strategy of the global elimination in 2030.This review attempts to proceed from different economic and geographical environment,describing genetic barrier of commonly used antiretroviral drugs,the degree of their cross-reactions,and the epidemiology and management of drug-resistant mutations from the individual and group levels.The paper also summarizes the prevalent modes of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug resistance (ADR) in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs),and analyze the two kind problems of public health significance to HIV resistant mutations,i.e.pretreatment resistance (PDR) and preexposure prophylaxis (PREP).In addition,in view of effectivel HIV cases of treatment and management in different countries,this paper also analyzes the genotypic resistance testing and treatment practices related to AIDS prevention and control.The content has a certain reference function to our country.

Promoting Vasa Vasorum Neovascularization of Vein Grafts Extenuates Hypoxia of the Wall and Its Subsequent Influence on Intimal Hyperplasia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The autologous saphenous vein is the most common conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting, but the vein graft disease will occur. This study used Matrigel basement membrane matrix with many different growth factors to promote vasa vasorum neovascularization and extenuate the hypoxia to improve remodeling.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study observed the hypoxia and thickness of the vein grafts at different times. Normal veins and vein grafts with 15 min of ischemia one day postoperatively were harvested in the neck of rabbits. Paired vein grafts with 15 min ischemia bilaterally (control vs. Matrigel basement membrane matrix) were performed and harvested at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The rabbits were randomly divided into four postoperative groups (six rabbits in each group): Group 1, one day postoperatively; Group 2, 2 weeks postoperatively; Group 3, 6 weeks postoperatively; and Group 4, 12 weeks postoperatively. The dimensions of vessel wall were captured, and the mean thicknesses of intima, media, and adventitia were measured. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α labeling indices of intima, media, and adventitia were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Group 1, the labeling index of HIF-1α was high in the normal vein and decreased significantly in the vein graft one day postoperatively (intima: 80 ± 3% vs. 12 ± 1%, P = 0.01; media: 67 ± 5% vs. 11 ± 1%, P = 0.01; adventitia: 40 ± 10% vs. 7 ± 2%, P = 0.03). The labeling index of HIF-2α had similar trend as HIF-1α (intima: 80 ± 10% vs. 10 ± 5%, P = 0.02; media: 60 ± 14% vs. 12 ± 2%, P = 0.01; adventitia: 45 ± 20% vs. 10 ± 4%, P = 0.03). Compared with the control vein grafts, vein grafts with Matrigel basement membrane matrix had lower labeling indices of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in media and adventitia at Group 2 (HIF-1α: 34 ± 5% vs. 20 ± 4%, P = 0.04 for media; 23 ± 3% vs. 11 ± 2%, P = 0.03 for adventitia; HIF-2α: 37 ± 6% vs. 21 ± 4%, P = 0.03 for media; 24 ± 4% vs. 13 ± 2%, P = 0.04 for adventitia) and Group 3 (HIF-1α: 33 ± 4% vs. 7 ± 2%, P = 0.04 for media; 13 ± 3% vs. 3 ± 1%, P = 0.02 for adventitia; HIF-2α: 27 ± 4% vs. 12 ± 3%, P = 0.02 for media; 19 ± 2% vs. 6 ± 1%, P = 0.02 for adventitia). There were no differences in mean thickness of intima, media, and adventitia between bilateral vein grafts at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study indicated that promoting vasa vasorum neovascularization of vein grafts extenuated hypoxia, but did not influence the intimal hyperplasia of the wall.</p>

Meta analysis on the association of CYP11B2 gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Chinese Han population / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between CYP11B2 gene polymorphism and essential hypertension, blood pressure level in Chinese Han population by meta-analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After searching database, the research quality was quantified according to NOS. Genetic model, heterogeneity, publication bias, overall OR/standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95%CI were explored by Stata, 19 studies including 9249 subjects were included in this meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to control group, OR(95%CI) of CC vs. TT, CT vs. TT, CC vs. CT in essential hypertensive patients were 1.022(95%CI: 0.879-1.190), 1.108 (95%CI: 0.951-1.291), 1.050(95%CI:0.995-1.109), respectively; SMD (95%CI) was 0.315 (0.066-0.565, P < 0.05) for systolic pressure derived CC vs. TT, and 0.088 (0.014-0.162, P < 0.05) for CT vs.</p><p><b>TT CONCLUSION</b>Individuals with -344C CYP11B2 allele are at higher risk of increased systolic blood pressure, but there is no evidence showing association between CYP11B2 polymorphism and susceptibility of essential hypertension in Chinese Han population.</p>

Experimental study of scoring model for liver cirrhosis diseases / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To establish a scoring model for liver cirrhosis disease (SLCD) in experimental rats, so as to provide evidence for early clinical prevention and treatment of liver cirrhosis diseases. Methods: The liver cirrhosis model was induced in rats by composite factor method. The damages of hepatic tissues and the changes of serological liver function were observed in different phases of the rat liver cirrhosis model. The SLCD formula was obtained using the Master-Element Analysis method. Results: The experimental liver cirrhosis model was successfully established in rats. The experimental rat SLCD and SLCD formula were successfully constructed using the following 6 parameters, the age, total bilirubin, albumin, prealbumin, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, and serum creatinine. The score was expressed as the R value, which gradually decreased with the aggravation of lesion and fibrosis. R=1: the liver tissue was normal; 0.702 ≤ R < 1: there were inflammatory reaction, focal degeneration and necrosis in the liver; 0.542 ≤ R < 0.702: there was fibroplasia in the liver; 0.352 ≤ R < 0.542: pseudolobules were formed, and it was in the liver cirrhosis stage; and R<0.352: it was in the later stage of liver cirrhosis. Conclusion: The SLCD model can sensitively and accurately display the liver impairment and liver function reserve during experimental liver cirrhosis in rats. It may help the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the cirrhosis diseases if relevant clinical evidence is obtained.

Evaluation of etiological characteristics of Chinese women with recurrent spontaneous abortions: a single-centre study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Various etiologies that contribute to the loss of pregnancy have been proposed. Despite the lack of established and uniform screening methods for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), there are several factors considered to be definite (or probable) causes of RPL. Data describing the etiological characteristics of RPL consist almost entirely of Caucasian populations. As we were interested in the Chinese population, the goal of this study was to determine the etiological characteristics of RPL in the Chinese patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was performed retrospectively by analyzing 1122 women with RPL. Patients were divided into three groups according to their number of pregnancy losses. Diagnostic tests included the following 9 critiria: parental genetics, uterine anatomy, autoimmune factors, alloimmune factors, thrombophilic factors, endocrine parameters, genital infection, toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes (TORCH) titers and RH blood groups. The criteria for abnormal results were defined before diagnosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We found that 87.1% (977/1122) patients had no more than 3 abnormal aspects, and the proportion of total abnormal results was similar among groups. The prevalence of abnormal results for each test did not differ among groups, except in the cases of parental genetics, uterine anatomy and presence of mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking antibodies (MLR-Bf). Absence of MLR-Bf, as well as abnormally increased levels of CD3⁺CD19⁺ and CD56⁺CD16⁺ cells, was commonly detected in Chinese RPL patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Immunological disorders play an important role in RPL among Chinese patients.</p>

Clinical application of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in diagnosis of avascular osteonecrosis in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in convalescence / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical value of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in diagnosis of avascular osteonecrosis in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in convalescence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed three-phase bone scintigraphy of femoral head regions and whole-body bone scan in SARS patients 4-6 months after they recovered from the syndrome, and then compared the results with simultaneous MRI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Typical avascular necrosis at different stages and severities was found on bone scintigraphy at 31 femoral heads of 16 SARS patients, 97% of which were MRI positive. Suspicious necrosis was found at 42 femoral heads of 23 patients, 67% of which were MRI negative. Among 30 patients with normal three-phase scintigraphic results, 10% of whom were suspicious on MRI. In addition, abnormal distributions of radioactivity were observed in other bones on the whole-body bone scans of 29 patients, including osteonecrosis of knees in 15 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Radionuclide bone scintigraphy is valuable in early diagnosis of osteonecrosis in SARS patients in convalescence. It provides a mutually supplementary tool for MRI.</p>

Role of prophylactic antibiotic administration in severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis

To carry out a meta-analysis of published studies in order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in severe acute pancreatitis [SAP]. MEDLINE, China Biological Medicine, Embase and Cochrane Data Base for Systematic Reviews were searched for randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with SAP from 1966 to 2004. Six studies met our inclusion criteria. Two authors [G.S.X. and Z.H.W.] independently extracted the following data from these studies: trial design, characteristics of participants and outcomes. Data were analyzed by Revman 4.2 software. In patients with SAP, prophylactic antibiotics, including broad-spectrum antibiotics that usually achieve therapeutic pancreatic tissue levels, did not reduce pancreatic infection [relative risk, RR, 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.48-1.24, p = 0.28], surgical intervention [RR 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.40-1.74, p = 0.64] and mortality rate [RR 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.28-1.04, p = 0.07]. Prophylactic antibiotic administration is not an appropriate treatment strategy in patients with SAP, it should be limited in patients with pancreatic necrosis, as demonstrated by computerized tomography

Expression of Fas/FasL and the apoptosis of HepG2 cells transfected with LIGHT and IFN-? / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the expression of Fas、FasL and the apoptosis of liver cancer cell line HepG2 transfected with LIGHT and IFN-? gene mediated by Cationic liposome.Methods:HepG2 cells were divided into two groups(the solo transfection of LIGHT gene and the combined transfection of LIGHT and IFN-? genes) and the control groups(no transfection).HepG2 cells were cellected at 12h,24h and 48h after transfection.The apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the expression of Fas and FasL of the HepG2 cells were investigated with flow cytometry.Results:After transfection,the apoptosis of HepG2 cells increased,and the apoptosis of combined transfection group was higher than the solo transfection of LIGHT(P