Protective effects and mechanisms of Xingnaojing Injection on early global brain ischemic-induced deep coma in rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To study the protective effect of Xingnaojing Injection on early global brain ischemia-induced deep coma in rats.
 Methods: The deep coma model was induced by global brain ischemia by using four-vessel occlusion method in male SD rats. According to the body weight, the rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: a model control group, three different dose of Xingnaojing Injection (1.8, 3.6 and 5.4 mL.kg-1) groups, a Xingnaojing Injection (3.6 mL.kg-1) plus PI3K inhibitor group, a naloxone injection (0.04 mL.kg-1) group and a naloxone injection (0.04 mL.kg-1) plus Xingnaojing Injection (3.6 mL.kg-1) group (n=8 per group). In addition, eight animals served as the sham group were performed same operation with the model group excepting no blockage of the blood vessels. After the operation, three different doses of Xingnaojing Injection and/or naloxone injection were given intravenously once a day for three days. Ten μL PI3K inhibitor (LY294002, 10 mmol/L) was injected via anterior cerebral ventricle at once after global brain ischemia. The awakening time after the first drug treatment, the grasping power and the autonomous activity within 10 min after the last drug treatment were recorded. The levels of both dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) in cerebrospinal fluid were detected by ELISA. The pathological changes were observed in brain tissue slices with HE staining and the protein levels of Akt/p-Akt and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)/p-CREB in hippocampus were detected by Western blotting.
 Results: Comparing with the model group, single administration of Xingnaojing Injection could significantly shorten the waking time (P<0.05) and continuous administration of Xingnaojing Injection for 3 d could increase grasping power, distance, frequency and duration of autonomous activities (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in the deep coma rat. Also, Xingnaojing Injection could inhibit these increases in neurotransmitters DA and Glu contents (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and improve pathological changes of hippocampal tissue. Xingnaojing Injection significantly induced protein phosphorylation of both Akt and CREB (P<0.05 or P<0.01); this effect was inhibited by PI3K inhibitor (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the protective effects of naloxone on awakening time, grasping power, the autonomous activity and hippocampus damage in global brain ischemia-induced deep coma could be enhanced by joint use of Xingnaojing Injection (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
 Conclusion: Xingnaojing Injection could significantly improve deep coma induced by global brain ischemia in rat, which is related to inducing PI3K/Akt-dependent protein phosphorylation of CREB, and reducing hippocampal damage. The protective effect of Xingnaojing Injection is synergistically enhanced by naloxone.

Research progress in adiponectin and cognitive impairment / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Adipocytokines are polypeptides or proteins that are secreted by fat cells with a wide range of biological activities. Adiponectin is a fatty cytokine with insulin sensitization. It possesses the function of anti- diabetes, atherosclerosis and anti-inflammation. Adiponectin may participate in regulating the development of cognitive impairment, which is considered as a new regulatory factor for cognitive impairment.

Protective effects of shenfu injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the protective effect of shenfu injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 120 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats(320-350 g) were randomly divided into sham operation group,model control group,Nimodipine injection group,low,medium and high dose group of shenfu injection according to gender weight.20 males in each group were given medicine once a day for 7 days before operation.The cerebral ischemia model was established by thread embolization after 5 days of administration.In the sham operation group,the other operations were the same as those in the model group except for carotid artery ligation and thread insertion.After 24 hours of perfusion,the neurological score,abdominal aorta blood flow,malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GHS) levels in brain tissues were measured.Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to calculate the area of cerebral infarction and pathological examination of brain tissues.Results Compared with the model control group,the middle and high dosage of shenfu injection could obviously improve the nerve function and increase the percentage of cerebral infarction area (P ＜ 0.05);the high dosage group of shenfu injection could obviously decrease the whole blood viscosity (P ＜ 0.01);the middle and high dosage of shenfu injection could obviously reduce the level of MDA in rat brain tissue (P ＜ 0.01) while increasing the levels of SOD and GSH (P ＜0.01),finally could significantly improve the pathological changes of brain tissues such as mild swelling of nerve fibers,mild neuronal degeneration,inflammatory interstitial edema and inflammation.Conclusions Shenfu injection has obvious protective effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in rats.