RESUMO
Liver cancer is a malignant tumor. The current operation or chemoradiotherapy cannot achieve a satisfactory effect, and relapse and metastasis are always big problems in the treatment of liver cancer. According to the recent theory of liver cancer stem cells, the genesis, development, relapse, metastasis, and prognosis of liver cancer are all related to liver cancer stem cells. If the liver cancer stem cells are treated by targeted therapy, which would reduce the number of or destroy the stem cells, the relapse, metastasis, and drug resistance after tumor resection may be reduced or eliminated. The progress in targeted therapy for liver cancer stem cells is reviewed here. Although there are many types of targeted therapies for liver cancer stem cells, it is still a key problem that the targeting is not strong enough, which needs to be solved urgently. Whether the dual- or multi-targeting would solve this problem still needs to be confirmed by further experimental studies.
RESUMO
Hepatic myelopathy is one of special category changes of nervous system,which was secondary to the end-stage hepatic diseases and is a syndrome of myeleterosis.It usually occurred after portosystemic shunt surgery or collateral circulation of portosystemic vein.The prognosis of hepatic myelopathy is poor,and the progression of this disease is slow.Surgical approaches such as dissociation of colon and anastomosis of ileum and rectum aimed at reducing the absorption of toxic substance and thus to breakdown the blood ammonia and improve the symptoms of nervous system,but the effects are not satisfactory.The clinical data of 1 patient with hepatic myelopathy who received liver transplantation at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University in April 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical symptoms and physical signs were improved,and muscle strength was effectively recovered in the patient.Liver transplantation might be an effective method for the treatment of hepatic myelopathy.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is a hot investigation to many scholars that how to cure and prevent renal ischemic reperfusion injury in a utility way, but the mechanism is unclear at present. The investigation indicates that aquaporiin-1 plays an important role during this process. OBJECTIVE: To research the correlation between aquaporin-1 expression and renal function change following renal ischemic reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at Histology and Embryology Laboratory of Dalian Medical University from June 2007 to December 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 80 healthy female adult Wister rats were randomly divided into control group and ischemia-reperfusion group. Rats in each group were observed at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after operation, with 8 rats for each group. The ischemia-reperfusion injury was established on the left kidney. METHODS: Right kidney was removed. The left renal pedicle was freed and occlused to establish ischemia-reperfusion injury model. After 40 minutes, the blood was re-flowed. If the kidney colored from dark red to bright red within 2-5 minutes, the ischemia-reperfusion injury models were successfully established, and the thrombus was not formed in the kidney vessels. If the kidney was still dark red after 5 minutes, the thrombus was formed, and the rats were excluded from the ischemia-reperfusion group. The abdomen was sutured after 40 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rats were sacrificed at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Samples of urine, serum, and kidney were performed with the examinations of urine, renal function, renal pathology and morphology, immunohistological assay of aquaporiin-1, and RT-PCR assay. RESULTS: After ischemia-reperfusion injury, the rats had hydrouria, urine osmotic pressure depress, symptoms of carnine and urea nitrogen increasing. HE staining demonstrated that renal tubular epithelial cells were swelling, necrosis, and desquamate. Aquaporin-1 expression and its mRNA level was decreased; in particular, the expression and level were the lowest at day 1 after ischemia-reperfusion injury and recovered to normal value at day 5 after ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUNSION: The down expression of aquaporin-1 maybe one of the important indicators to reflect renal functional changes of acute renal failure following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.