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Objective:To investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:A total of 285 patients undergoing MHD in the Blood Purification Center of Yixing People′s Hospital from May 2013 to March 2018 were enrolled, including 137 patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and 148 patients without cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The demographic and clinical data of patients were retrospectively reviewed. The age, systolic blood pressure, duration of dialysis and prevalence of atherosclerosis were compared between the two groups; the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:There were significant differences in age, systolic blood pressure, duration of dialysis and prevalence of atherosclerosis; serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, hs-CRP and triglyceride levels between the two groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistics analysis showed that age ≥50 years ( B=0.42, 95 %CI 1.06-3.06, P=0.03), duration of dialysis≥24 months ( B=0.85, 95 %CI: 1.23-3.79, P=0.01), atherosclerosis ( B=0.58, 95 %CI: 1.13-4.02, P=0.04), hypertension ( B=0.23, 95 %CI: 1.34-9.25, P<0.01), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) ( B=0.36, 95 %CI:1.19-8.27, P<0.01) , increased hs-CRP ( B=0.83, 95 %CI: 1.12-3.90, P<0.01), high serum phosphorus ( B=0.91, 95 %CI: 1.06-1.54, P<0.01) and elevated TG ( B=0.50, 95 %CI: 1.08-5.57, P<0.01) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in MHD patients. Early and active intervention of these risk factors may improve the clinical prognosis of MHD patients. The Cox survival curve showed that the probability of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events increased when the duration of dialysis was>12 months, and it increased more significantly when the duratio n>24 months. Conclusion:The older age, dialysis duration, comorbidities of atherosclerosis, hypertension, DKD, and elevated serum hs-CRP, phosphorus, triglyceride may increase the probability of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events for MHD patients.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for restaging, guiding therapeutic strategy and predicting prognosis in patients with postoperative colorectal cancer (PCC). Methods Records of 91 patients (51 males, 40 females;average age (54.90±11.47) years) in whom PCC were eval-uated by 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging from May 2010 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent evaluation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. 18 F-FDG PET/CT results were compared with the results from pathological examination, clinical long-term follow-up (≥6 months ) and conventional imaging. Diagnostic efficiency of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in detecting recurrence and metastases of PCC were calculated. The clinical value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in restaging and guiding therapeutic strategy were analyzed in patients with true positive results. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted based on the results of PET/CT and the alteration of therapeutic strategy after PET/CT. Results The sensitivity, specific-ity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT were 96. 36%(53/55), 83.33%(30/36), 91.21%(83/91), 89.83%(53/59) and 93.75%(30/32), respectively. The median survival time and the 5-year survival rate were 10.00 years and 84% in patients with true negative PET/CT results, and were 6. 33 years and 53% in true positive group. Patients with true negative results showed longer OS and PFS than those with true positive results (χ2=7.753, 8. 933, both P<0.01). Among the 53 patients with true positive PET/CT results, tumor restaging was up-regulated in 32 patients and down-regulated in 2 patients. Therapeutic strategies were changed in 33 patients, in whom the PFS was lon- ger than those without treatment alteration (χ2=4.905, P<0.05) . Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging has the high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting recurrence and metastasis of PCC, with the potential for altering clinical restaging and therapeutic strategy timely.
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A new type of piezoelectric oscillation-based non-contact spotting mode has been developed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional non-contact spotting modes including complicated operation procedure, cleaning difficulty of spotting needle, large sample consumption of electromagnetic microvalve and high spotting cost of piezoelectric inkjet based non-contact spotting mode. In the device, the capillary spotting needle and the piezoelectric driving device are two independent units used for replacing and cleaning capillary spotting needle. The glass capillary spotting needle is prepared by the laser melting method with adjustable diameter and low cost. The sample spotting volume of the device can be easily adjusted in the range of 10Symbolm_10-10Symbolm_9 by changing the amplitude and frequency of piezoelectric ceramic. A microarray spotting system is developed by the combination of the piezoelectric oscillation-based non-contact spotting mode and three dimensional precision displacement control technology. The multiple parameters of as-prepared microarray spotting system have been tested including spotting volume, density of spot and spotting precision. The experimental results indicate that the minimum volume of single spot with 320 pL and the highest density of spot with 4000 spots/cm2 can be achieved by the as-prepared microarray spotting system. Furthermore, the as-prepared microarray spotting system can also be employed to fabricate patterned interface.
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Three kinds of PEGylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-Au NPs) with different surface charges are prepared by assembly of thiolated polyethylene glycol (HS-PEG) with different terminal groups including methoxy, amino or carboxyl on gold nanoparticle surface through sulfur-gold covalent bond, respectively.The experimental results of cell co-culturing and tail intravenous injection in mouse indicate that the biological behaviors of PEG-Au NPs are affected significantly by their surface charges.The cellular internalization amounts of PEG-Au NPs are following the order, positive charge ＞ neutral charge ＞ negative charge.The PEG-Au NPs are gradually transferred to liver and spleen from main organs through the circulation of blood after tail intravenous injection in mouse.The negatively charged PEG-Au NPs have the slowest hepatic clearance rate while the positively charged PEG-Au NPs can cause the strongest response of immune system in mice.
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Clinical data of 23 patients with T2a bladder cancer admitted from March 2008 to August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Among 23 patients,11 cases were treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) plus arterial catheterization chemotherapy (study group) and 12 cases were treated with radical cystectomy (control group).The overall survival time and recurrence free survival time of two groups were compared.Patients in study group were followed up for 20-68 months,recurrence occurred in 5 cases (5/11),including 4 cases of invasive recurrence;patients in control group were followed up for 2 ～86 months,1 case had superficial recurrent and underwent TURBT,2 cases dead due to bladder tumor.During the course of chemotherapy,the main adverse effects were digestive reaction (7/11),fever (4/11),bone marrow suppression (2/11),symptomatic treatment was given,which was tolerated.There were no significant differences in overall survival time and recurrence free survival time between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The quality of life of study group was better than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).It is suggested that the arterial interventional chemotherapy combined with transurethral resection for T2a stage invasive bladder cancer has a certain curative effect with the advantage of preservation of bladder function and higher quality of life.
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A peptide microarray-based fluorescence and resonance light scattering ( RLS ) two readout assay was developed for screening thrombin inhibitors in blood samples. In this assay, the biotinylated peptide microarray was used as the platform. The peptide C-terminal fragments carried biotin sites departed from the slide when the biotinylated peptides were digested by thrombin hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis progress was labeled by fluorescence and 30 nm peptide-stabilized gold nanoparticles through the biotin-avidin reaction. In the presence of thrombin inhibitors, the hydrolysis reactions were blocked, and the inhibition capability of inhibitors could be detected by the fluorescent and RLS signal changes. The order of the half maximal inhibitory concentration ( IC50 ) of thrombin inhibitors in pure thrombin solution and spiked human serum were argatrobanHAT-Ⅲ>trypsin inhibitor>E-64>AEBSF. The reversible or irreversible characters of argatroban and HAT-Ⅲ had been estimated in human plasma. Compared with the experimental data of fluorescent and RLS assay in blood sample, the RLS assay labeled by 30 nm gold nanoparticles are more suitable for the inhibitor detection in complicated blood sample.
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A gold nanoparticle ( GNP)-based dynamic light scattering ( DLS) assay has been developed for detecting mercury ion ( Hg2+) in aqueous solution. The GNPs are able to maintain monodisperse state in relative high ionic strength ( 0. 1 mol/L NaCl ) aqueous solution because Hg2+ aptamer 5’-TTTCTTCTTTCTTCCCCCCTTGTTTGTTGTTT-3’( Probe DNA ) can adsorb on the GNP surface by electrostatic interaction. In the presence of Hg2+, the Probe DNA molecules easily desorb from GNP surface because of T-Hg2+-T formation. The unprotected GNPs form aggregates in 100 mmol/L NaCl solution, resulting in increased significantly the average hydrodynamic diameter of GNPs. Under the conditions of pH 7. 43, 110 nmol/L aptamer, 100 mmol/L NaCl and 30 minutes incubation time of Hg2+with aptamer, the difference of average hydrodynamic diameter (△D ) of GNPs was increased linearly with logarithm of Hg2+concentration over the range from 0. 1 nmol/L to 5 μmol/L, with a detection limit of 0. 1 nmol/L. Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained when the proposed method was applied to detect Hg2+ in real samples.
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Objective To explore the efficacy and the safety of clinical trials of pemetrexed combined with carboplatin and gemcitabine with carboplatin in treating advanced NSCLC of the elderly patients.Methods A total of one hundred and twenty-eight elderly patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups(n=64).The PC group in which patients were treated with pemetrexed combined with carboplatin,and the GC group in which patients were treated with gemcitabine combined with carboplatin.The effects and the safety were assessed by the following indexes, treatment efficiency,side effects,LCSS. Results The treatment efficiency of the PC group and the GC group were 34.38% and 31.25% after chemotherapy.The difference was no statistically significant between two groups.The difference of LCSS was no statistically significant between two groups.Except hair loss,the incidences of nausea and vomiting,leukopenia,thrombocytopenia and neurotoxicity (grade III-IV )in the PC group (6.25%,3.13%,4.67%,7.81%)were significant lower than those in the GC group(17.18%,20.31%,15.63%,18.75%)(P<0.05).The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the PC and GC groups were 46.2% VS 46.8% and 13.3% VS 12.5%,respectively,with a median survival of 12.1 VS 1 1.3 months,without a statistically significant difference between two groups.Conclusion PC and GC show similar efficacy for elderly NSCLC patients,however,the toxicities in PC patients are lower than those in GC patients.Thus,pemetrexed combined with carboplatin is an effective therapeutic regimen for advanced NSCLC in elderly patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of B7-H3 gene transfection on 18F-FDG uptake and 18F-FLT uptake in prostate cancer cells.Methods The absorption (A) values of untransfected prostate cancer(RM1) cells and B7-H3 gene-transfected RM1 (RM1-B7-H3) cells were detected at different culturing time points (0.5,1,2,3,4 and 5 d) with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test.Cell cycle phase distribution of RM1 and RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured with flow cytometry.18F-FDG uptake of RM1 and RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured with γcounter and calculated under different conditions:5× 104-5× 106 cells; 0-11.0 mmol/L glucose; 20-120 min incubation in 37 ℃.18F-FLT uptake of RM1 and RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured in 1×106 cells under incubation for 100 min at 37 ℃.After administering anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody 4H7,18F-FDG uptake of RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured.The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and two-sample t test.Results The A values of RM1-B7-H3 cells after being incubated for 1,2 and 3 d were higher than those of RM1 cells(1.59±0.23,2.26±0.15 and 2.01±0.60 vs 1.22±0.14,1.10± 0.09 and 1.04±0.15,t=3.923,19.228,4.467,all P＜0.01).There was no statistical significance between the 2 groups at other time points (t=-0.094,0.858,2.000,all P＞0.05).The ratios of RM1-B7-H3 cells in G1,S and G2/M phases were(32.96±2.56) ％,(39.11 ±2.57) ％ and (27.94±0.21) ％,respectively.The ratio of S phase in RM1-B7-H3 cells was higher than that in RM1 cells ((32.76±1.90)％,t=3.442,P＜ 0.05).18F-FDG uptake of the both cell lines decreased with the increase of glucose concentrations,while the uptake went up with the increase of cell number and incubation time.With the cell number of 1.0× 106,incubation time of 100 min and temperature of 37 ℃,the 18F-FDG uptake of RM1-B7-H3 and RM1 cells was (55.07±3.99)％ vs (44.16±3.60)％ (t=4.977,P＜0.01) ; and 18F-FLT uptake of RM1-B7-H3 and RM1 cells was (5.25±0.81)％ vs (3.33±0.64)％ (t=4.567,P＜0.01).After treated with antibody 4H7,18F-FDG uptake of RM1-B7-H3 cells ((45.36±2.92) ％) was lower than that of untreated group (F=10.001,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion B7-H3 gene transfection may promote the metabolism and proliferation of prostate cancer cells,and thereby increase the 18F-FDG uptake and 18F-FLT uptake.
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During last decade, gold nanoparticled (AuNPs)-based assays have been well-developed and widely used in biological analysis and biomedical detection because AuNPs have unique physical and chemical properties which depend on the size, shape and degree of aggregation.The AuNPs-based assays have already been employed for detecting practical samples with high simplicity and selectivity.This review discusses the recently development of the synthesis and biological molecular functionalisation of AuNPs and their applications on the heavy metallic cations, small organic compounds, nucleic acids and proteins detection and cellular analysis.
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Objective To investigate the causes and treatment of encephalopathy occurred after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT). Methods The clinical data of consecutive 51 patients who undergoing OLT were analyzed retrospectively. Results Encephalopathy occurred in 6 cases within one month after operation.The incidence of encephalopathy after OLT was 11.8%(6/51). All the 6 cases were cured by application of sedative agent and dopamine recipient blocking agent(aloperidin). Conclusions The etiology of encephalopathy following OLT is thought to be multifactors including metabolism desturbance before and after OLT,blood dynamics alternation during opration,application of immuosuppression drug etc. Application of sedative agent and dopamine recipient blocking agent may result in ideal effects in treating the encephalopathy.