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To evaluate the association between serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) titers and the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa and to predict a possible anti-tTG cutoff value for diagnosing celiac disease (CD) and villous atrophy in the domestic population. Clinical and pathological data from 76 adult CD patients with positive anti-tTG titers and duodenal biopsy results who were treated at the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between anti-tTG titers and the severity of duodenal mucosal damage was statistically assessed to predict the optimal anti-tTG titer cut-off value for diagnosing CD and villous atrophy. Of the 76 patients, 10 had underlying CD, and of the 66 patients with duodenal histopathology, four were Marsh Ⅰ, six were Marsh Ⅱ, and 56 were Marsh Ⅲa-c grade. In adults with CD, anti-tTG titers were shown to be associated with the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa. When the anti-tTG level was ≥5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CD were 83.9% and 92.9%, respectively. When the anti-tTG titer was ≥8 times the ULN, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing villous atrophy were 67.9% and 90.0%, respectively. Anti-tTG levels had a strong predictive value for diagnosing CD in adults when titers exceeded 10 times the ULN. Thus, the anti-tTG cut-off value can be combined with clinical judgment to diagnose CD, limiting the use of invasive endoscopy.
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【Objective】 To establish and evaluate a fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) method for detecting antibodies against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) based on Vero E6 cells. 【Methods】 Based on the adapted VZV-Oka-E6 strain that VZV-Oka live attenuated varicella vaccine strain grew in Vero E6 cells, Vero E6 cells were infected with VZV-Oka-E6 of three different doses (104.65, 104.95 and 105.25 TCID50), and the cytopathic effect was observed under a microscope to determine the optimal infection dose of VZV-Oka-E6 strain. Then the detectable sensitivity of the infected cell antigen slides prepared after fixing the infected cells with different fixatives was compared to determine the optimal fixative. As a result, the FAMA method based on Vero E6 cells for the determination of neutralizing anti-VZV has been developed. The established FAMA assay was used to detect the international standard for varicella zoster immunoglobulin with different titers to determine the sensitivity of the assay. The specificity of the assay was evaluated by detecting specific antibodies against human herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2. The neutralizing anti-VZV antibodies of the international standard for varicella zoster immunoglobulin were detected using VZV-infected cell antigen slides prepared in the same batch and four different batches, respectively, to determine the intra-assay repeatability and inter-assay repeatability. The international standard for varicella zoster immunoglobulin with three known titers was detected to evaluate the relative accuracy of this assay. The anti-VZV titers in 20 apheresis plasma samples were determined with the newly established FAMA test and ELISA test, respectively, and the detection results of the two methods were compared using Spearman’s correlation test. 【Results】 The optimal infection dose of the VZV-Oka-E6 strain in FAMA assay was determined to be 105.25 TCID50, and acetone precooled at -20℃ was used as the fixative. The FAMA test has a high sensitivity with a detecting limit of 31.25 mIU/mL for neutralizing anti-VZV titers. The negative result was observed when detecting herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 specific antibodies. The international standard for varicella zoster immunoglobulin was detected by VZV infected cell antigen slides prepared in the same batch and 4 different batches, with the coefficient of variation being 29.95% and 26.71%, respectively. The detection value of the international standard for varicella zoster immunoglobulin with three different titer levels was consistent with their theoretical value. The correlation coefficient of the detection results of 20 apheresis plasma samples by the FAMA test and ELISA test was 0.268. 【Conclusion】 The VZV FAMA assay has good sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and relative accuracy in detecting neutralizing anti-VZV titers. It can be applied for detecting neutralizing anti-VZV titers in apheresis plasma samples as well as the varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) preparations.
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Objective To detect the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in the melanoma, and to analyze the relationship between the expression and subtypes and clinicopathological features of melanoma. Methods Expression of hTERT mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR in 64 cases of melanoma and 30 cases of nevus. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between hTERT mRNA expression and clinical pathological features of melanoma. Results The relative expression of hTERT mRNA in melanoma tissues was higher than that in nevus tissues [(52.43±5.42) vs (21.38±3.73), t= 4.72, P= 0.000]. The expression of hTERT mRNA in melanoma had no significant correlation with age, gender, ethnicity (all P> 0.05), but had relationship with subtypes, lymph node metastasis, Clark classification (all P 0.05). Conclusions The expression of hTERT mRNA in melanoma is high, especially in mucosal melanoma. hTERT may play an important role in the occurrence and development of melanoma.
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Objective To analysis the clinical features of elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and their prognostic factors.Methods 250 cases of DLBCL were retrospectively studied by in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect the EBV and by immunohistochemical to evaluate the histological type and Ki-67 protein.Results 36 cases with EBVpositive included 28 elderly (aged ≥ 60 years), of which 21 cases were Han, 15 cases were Uygur, male/ female ratio was 2 : 1.There were 23 cases with nodal presentation only, 13 cases with extra-nodal presentation.Twenty-nine patients presented with advanced disease (Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ), 30 patients were found with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 22 patients with high IPI score (3-5).Histological observation showed a diffuse and polymorphic proliferation of large lymphoid cells with varying degrees of reactive components.These tumor cells were frequently characterized by a broad range of B-cell maturation, containingcentroblasts, immunoblasts, and Hodgkin-and Reed-Stemberg (HRS)-like giant cells.Immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were positive for CD20 and (or) CD79a in almost cases, most of the cases had a high proliferative index.CD10, bcl-6, Mum-1 performed histological type, 31 cases were non-germinal center.Except the age and location (P ＜ 0.05), no other significant differences were observed in Han and Uygur elderly EBV+ DLBCL (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of elderly EBV+ DLBCL is low, it has some unique clinical and pathological features with poor prognosis.
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Purpose To exp1ore the c1inicopatho1ogica1 features,diagnosis and differentia1 diagnosis of mu1ti1ocu1ar cystic rena1 ce11 carcinoma( MCRCC). Methods 18 cases of MCRCC were reported by microscopy,immunohistochemistry,differentia1 diagnosis and were fo11owed-up. Results A11 patients were adu1ts inc1uding twe1ve ma1es and six fema1es who aged from 26 to 68 years(mean 55. 6 years). Imaging studies revea1ed a po1ycystic mass,with c1ear boundary. Gross1y,the cut surface of the tumors had more cysts of va-rying sizes,containing serous or b1oody f1uid. Microscopica11y,the cyst wa11s of tumors were often covered with a few simp1e c1ear ce11s,stratified epithe1ium or devoid of epithe1ium. The septa contained aggregates of epithe1ia1 ce11s with transparent cytop1asm which showed gradeⅠ nuc1ear features,these characteristics were diagnostic c1ues of MCRCC. Immunohistochemica11y the c1ear ce11 was positive for CD10,vimentin,EMA and Ki-67 showed 1ow pro1iferative activity. 18 case were fo11owed up,mean fo11ow-up 43 months, no case recurred or with metastasis. Conclusion MCRCC is a rare histo1ogica1 subtype of rena1 ce11 carcinoma with more favorab1e prognosis. It shou1d be distinguished from cystic change of c1ear ce11 rena1 carcinoma and cysts of kidney 1esion.
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Purpose To study the pathologic types and subtypes distribution of 645 cases of lymphoma in Xinjiang. Methods Clini-cal data of lymphoma from April 2008 to march 2013 in the people’s hospital of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang were col-lected and reviewed, including morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical characteristics. According to the WHO classification all the cases were reappraised. Results Of the 645 cases, 558 cases (86.51%) were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and 82 ca-ses (12.71%) were Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). Among NHL cases, 448 cases (80.29%) were B-cell neoplasms and 110 cases (19.71%) were T/NK-cell neoplasms. The commonest subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (258 cases, comprising 40% of all lymphomas) and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (41 cases, comprising 6.36% of all lymphomas) in B cell lymphoma and T/NK cell lymphoma. Burkitt’s lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma were predominanly Uyghurs, but mantle cell lymphoma, follicu-lar lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue were predominanly Hans. The most com-mon subtypes of Hodgkin’s lymphoma are mixed cellularity, nodular sclerosis and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Sub-types distribution of Hodgkin’s lymphoma has a certain difference in the different ethnic groups, the age of onset did not present twin peaks and the highest proportion was children. Conclusion The lymphoid neoplasms of Xinjiang displayed some ethnic features simi-lar to those reported in literature as well as other regions of China, whereas the distribution of some subtypes showed some differences.
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Objective To investigate the consistency of gene amplification and its expression at protein level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in gastric carcinoma.Methods From 2010 to 2012,120 gastric cancer specimens of patients with gastric cancer were collected,of which 100 were surgical specimens and 20 were specimens from biopsy under gastroscope.The protein expression of HER2 in 120 specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).According to the results of IHC,the positive parts of HER2 expression of IHC slices were developed into tissue microarrays for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to test the gene amplification of HER2.The different parts with different color intensity of focal (+ + +) (≤ 10％ tumor cell strongly staining) specimens detected by IHC detection were compared with the results of FISH.Kappa test was performed for statistical analysis.Results Among 120 gastric cancer specimens,the results of IHC indicated that 77 specimens were positive with different staining intensity including 16 strong positive (+++),six focal positive (+++),37 moderate positive (++) and 18 weak positive (+).The positive rate of HER2 protein expression detected by IHC was 18.3％ (22/120).The results of FISH showed 41 specimens were positive and the rate of gene amplification was 34.2％.Among which,21 were moderate positive (++) detected by IHC,15 were strong positive (+ + +) and five were focal positive (+ ++).The positive rate of HER2 was 35.0％ (42/120) with IHC and FISH combined detection.The consistent rate of IHC and FISH was 91.6 ％ (76/83).Kappa coefficient was 0.960 (P＜0.01).In five positive specimens detected by FISH and which were focal positive (+ + +) by IHC,the different parts with different color intensity were compared with the results of FISH and gene amplification was found in all specimens.Conclusion Tissue microarray technology is consistent with IHC in HER2 detection in gastric cancer specimens and could help to improve the detection rate.
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Objective To assess the relationship between BRAF gene mutations and clinical phenotype of malignant melanoma.Methods Tissue specimens were collected from the lesions of 80 patients with malignant melanoma,and from the normal skin of 30 patients with trauma in the Department of Plastic Surgery or General Surgery,and subjected to paraffin embedding and DNA extraction.PCR was performed to amplify the exon 11 and 15 of BRAF gene followed by DNA sequencing.Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were carried out to assess the relationship between BRAF gene mutations and clinical phenotypes of malignant melanoma.Results BRAF gene mutations were found in 19 (23.8％) of the 80 malignant melanoma specimens.Among the 19 mutationpositive specimens,17 (88.2％) carried mutations in exon 15 of BRAF gene with V600E as the most frequent (88.2％,15/17) mutation type,and 2 (10.5％) carried mutations in exon 11.No mutation was found in any of the normal skin tissue specimens.The average age at onset was 57.5 years in these patients.The frequency of BRAF gene mutation was significantly higher in patients younger than 60 years than in those older than 60 years (37.1％ vs.13.3％,x2=6.613,P ＜ 0.05).A significant difference was observed in the frequency of BRAF gene mutation among tissue specimens of mueosal,acral and non-aeral malignant melanoma (18.2％ (4/21) vs.14.7％(5/34) vs.41.7％ (10/24),x2=6.167,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant association between BRAF gene mutation and gender,race or lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions BRAF gene is a hot spot for mutations in patients with malignant melanoma in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,with V600E point mutation in exon 15 as the most frequent mutation type.BRAF gene mutations appear to be closely correlated with the age at onset of and lesional sites in,but uncorrelated with gender and race of or lymph node metastasis in,patients with malignant melanoma.
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@#Objective To establish a new rat model of perinatal brain damage. Methods Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: lipopolysaccharide （LPS） plus hypoxia (H) group: 17 d pregnant rats exposure in utero to LPS followed by hypoxia; hypoxia (H)/ ischemia (I) group: postnatal day 7 (P7) pups ligated the right common carotid artery followed by exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 ) for 2 h; control group: P7 pups incised the anteriorl cervical skin only. The footprint analysis, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and pathological observation were performed after 4 weeks. Results The left limb footprint repeatability of rat in HI and LPS plus H groups was poorer than that in control group （P<0.05）. The hindlimb quadriceps CMAP of rats in HI and LPS plus H groups showed that the wave amplitude was lower than that in control group （P<0.05）. The periventricular cells were irregular, and the periventricular leukomalacia was seen. The morphous of the neurocytes was irregular obviously, part of the nuclear membranes was broken down with the content leakage under transmission electron microscope. Conclusion The animal model for cerebral palsy has established, that mimics more the occurrence of this disease in human.