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Aim To investigate the effects of angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) antagonizing 5-fluorou-raeil (5-FU) on spleen stress erythropoiesis in mice and its related mechanism. Methods C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group, ASP group, 5-FU group and ASP + 5-FU group. The mouse body weight during the modeling pe-riod was recorded, and peripheral blood routine and the number of mononuclear cells in the bone marrow of femur were measured. Histopathology of spleen was de-tected, also the index and cellularity of spleen were analyzed. BFU-E of spleen mononuclear cells was counted. The number of F4/80
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Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an age-related degenerative disease and a major cause of low back pain. IDD greatly impairs the quality of life of patients and dramatically increases the economic burden of patient families. There are currently no effective intervention and treatment for IDD, partly due to a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. The establishment and characterization of IDD animal models are critical for defining mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. IDD is a complex process, which is affected by mechanical stress, injury, biochemistry and gene expression. In this review article, we summarize several IDD animal models generated by utilizing abnormal mechanical stress, injury, biochemical and chemical induction and gene knockout. Biomechanics play a key role in maintaining intervertebral disc homeostasis, and abnormal mechanical stress can cause IDD. Usually, IDD is accompanied by structural injury which exacerbates IDD. In addition, biochemical and chemical induction and knockout of key genes can also lead to IDD. Among the different factors causing abnormal mechanical stress, there are two mechanical stress models: pressure model and instability model. According to the structure of intervertebral disc, there are two structural injury models: the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus injury model and the cartilage endplate injury model. The biochemical and chemical induction model and the gene knockout model are summarized, and the applications and limitations of different IDD animal models are discussed.
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Aim To investigate the injury of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)to perivascular hematopoietic niche via isolating mouse bone marrow perivascular mesenchymal progenitor cells in vitro and its related mechanism. Methods The perivascular mesenchymal progenitor cells were isolated from femurs and tibias of C57BL/6J mice with type Ⅱ collagenase and cultured in vitro. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect specific niche genes expression. The viable cells were counted by Trypan blue; the cellular proliferation was detected by CCK-8; the apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI double staining, and the cell senescence was detected by β-galactosidase staining. The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by enzymatic assay. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of cells were detected by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation experiment and osteogenic related genes qRT-PCR assay. The mRNA expression of hematopoietic growth factors was detected by qRT-PCR. Hematopoietic cells were co-cultured with perivascular mesenchymal progenitor cells, and the adhesion molecules and signal molecules between stromal cells and hematopoietic cells were detected, also hematopoietic cell activity, redox indicators and β-galactosidase specific cell senescence were detected. Results 5-FU caused simultaneous apoptosis and senescence of perivascular mesenchymal progenitor cells, inhibited cell proliferation, induced oxidative stress, led to osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation imbalance, and down-regulated the transcription of hematopoietic factors SCF, CXCL12, and G-CSF. For the interaction between stromal cells and hematopoietic cells, the binding effects of VLA-4/VCAM-1, ICAM-1/LFA1 were weakened and TPO/MPL and ANG-1/Tie-2 signals were impaired, leading to oxidative stress of hematopoietic cells and cell senescence. Conclusions 5-FU induces oxidative damage of perivascular mesenchymal progenitor cells and indirectly induces premature senescence of hematopoietic cells.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Angelica Sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on proliferation, differentiation and transplantation of human leukemia stem cells (LSCs) . Methods 1. Effect of angelica sinensis polysaccharides on proliferation of CD34
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Objective The activation of P2X7 receptor in ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is involved in the formation and maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP). This study will establish a rat model of BCP and observe the effect of the activation of P2X7 receptor in vlPAG on D-serine level through brain microdialysis combined with ELISA. Methods Forty-two female SD rats were divided into four groups by random number table: normal control group (n=12), sham group (n=12), BCP group (n=12) and P2X7 receptor antagonist group (n= 6). The model of metastatic BCP in the tibias of the rats was established in the BCP group, and 20μL of RPMI-1640 medium cell suspension containing SHZ-88 breast cancer cells was injected (1×107 cancer cells/0.5 mL). The sham group was injected with treated cancer cells of the same volume (SHZ-88 breast cancer cells were kept in boiling water at 90 ℃ for 20 min), and the rest of the operation was the same as the BCP group. The normal control group received no treatment. The P2X7 receptor antagonist group was treated the same as the BCP group, except that the P2X7 receptor-specific antagonist A-438079 was added to the perfusion solution. The thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold were detected at the same time in the normal control group, the sham group and the BCP group. The positive expression of P2X7 receptor in vlPAG of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry in each group in 21 days. The changes of D-serine in vlPAG dialysate were detected by ELISA in each group. Results The mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold of the rats in BCP group on Day 5, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 21 were lower than those of the normal control group and sham group (P<0.01). The positive expression of P2X7 was scattered in vlPAG in normal control group and sham group. The number of P2X7 receptor positive cells in the BCP group was significantly higher than that in the control group and sham group (P<0.01). The content of D-serine in vlPAG of the rats in BCP group [(220.28±63.38)ng/mL] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(148.09±46.89)ng/mL] and the sham group [(147.32±51.44)ng/mL] (P<0.05). The content of D-serine in vlPAG [(134.20±41.77)ng/mL] in P2X7 receptor antagonist group was significantly lower than that in BCP group (P<0.05). Conclusion The activation of the P2X7 receptor in ventrolateral periaqueductal gray promotes D-serine release and participates in the mechanisms of BCP in rats .
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Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Guizhou Province. Methods Using a convenience sampling strategy, 8 583 samples were collected in Guizhou and an investigation was conducted including face-to-face questionnaire interview and HIV testing. Results 1 511 cases failed in HIV suppression (viral load, VL>1 000 copies/ml). 1 410 cases (93.31%) were successfully genotyped with HIV pol gene, among which 51.42% were genotyped as CRF01_AE, 26.67% as CRF07_BC and 16.1% as CRF08_BC. Conclusion The subtype changes caused by HIV gene mutation should precede the changes of main transmission routes of HIV through the analysis in recent years. Timely monitoring the changes of HIV subtypes can be one of the main bases for the prevention and control of AIDS.
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Background@#Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a complicated condition of patients with advanced tumors. Further dissecting the microenvironment of infiltrated immune cells and malignant cells are warranted to understand the immune-evasion mechanisms of tumor development and progression.@*Methods@#The possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in malignant pleural fluid was investigated using small RNA sequencing. Regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (CD4, CD25, forkhead box P3), and Helios (also known as IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 2 [IKZF2]) were detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of IKZF2 and miR-4772-3p were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR-4772-3p and Helios was determined using dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effects of miR-4772-3p on Helios expression were evaluated using an in vitro system. Correlation assays between miR-4772-3p and functional molecules of Tregs were performed.@*Results@#Compared with non-malignant controls, patients with non-small cell lung cancer had an increased Tregs frequency with Helios expression in the MPE and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The verified downregulation of miR-4772-3p was inversely related to the Helios+ Tregs frequency and Helios expression in the MPE. Overexpression of miR-4772-3p could inhibit Helios expression in in vitro experiments. However, ectopic expression of Helios in induced Tregs reversed the effects induced by miR-4772-3p overexpression. Additionally, miR-4772-3p could regulate Helios expression by directly targeting IKZF2 mRNA.@*Conclusion@#Downregulation of miR-4772-3p, by targeting Helios, contributes to enhanced Tregs activities in the MPE microenvironment.
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Objective To investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia in Wuxi City, so as to provide data support for the control of toxoplasmosis in these patients. Methods A total of 205 cases with definitive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, 257 cases with definitive diagnosis of malignant tumors and 235 cases with definitive diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited, while 250 healthy volunteers served as controls. The demographic features were captured from the study subjects and serum samples were collected. The serum IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all study subjects, and the positive rates of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were compared between the patients and controls. Results The seroprevalence of the anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 20.98%, 24.12% and 24.68% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia, which were all significantly greater than in healthy controls (χ2 = 31.54, 42.12 and 42.98, all P values < 0.01), and the seroprevalence of the anti - T. gondii IgM antibody was 1.46%, 2.72% and 1.70% among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia, which were all significantly higher than in healthy controls (χ2 = 0.06, 1.52 and 0.21, all P values > 0.05). Conclusions The patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia present with higher seroprevalence of the anti-T. gondii IgG antibody than healthy controls in Wuxi regions. Screening of T. gondii infections among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia should be intensified to prevent the damages caused by T. gondii infections.
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Objective To investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia in Wuxi City, so as to provide data support for the control of toxoplasmosis in these patients. Methods A total of 205 cases with definitive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, 257 cases with definitive diagnosis of malignant tumors and 235 cases with definitive diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited, while 250 healthy volunteers served as controls. The demographic features were captured from the study subjects and serum samples were collected. The serum IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all study subjects, and the positive rates of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were compared between the patients and controls. Results The seroprevalence of the anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 20.98%, 24.12% and 24.68% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia, which were all significantly greater than in healthy controls (χ2 = 31.54, 42.12 and 42.98, all P values < 0.01), and the seroprevalence of the anti - T. gondii IgM antibody was 1.46%, 2.72% and 1.70% among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia, which were all significantly higher than in healthy controls (χ2 = 0.06, 1.52 and 0.21, all P values > 0.05). Conclusions The patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia present with higher seroprevalence of the anti-T. gondii IgG antibody than healthy controls in Wuxi regions. Screening of T. gondii infections among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors and schizophrenia should be intensified to prevent the damages caused by T. gondii infections.
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Objective The main intracellular signal of P2X7 receptor activation is the increasing of Ca2+, which then presents the diversity of its physiological and pathological functions through multiple intracellular signal transduction. To observe the effect of activation of P2X7 receptor on intracellular calcium（Ca2+）level in lateral midbrain periaqueductal gray (lPAG) neurons of primary cultured rat. Methods The primary cultured lPAG neurons were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group(no drug added), only for control; BzATP group(100 μmol/L); A-740003+ BzATP group(incubate with 100 nmol/L A-740003 for 10 min, then add 10 μmol/L ofBzATP); BzATP control group(add in Ca2+-free solution for 20 min, then add BzATP). The incubation solution of control group, BzATP group and A-740003+ BzATP group are DMEM/F12 medium, and the BzATP control group is Ca2+-free. The laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to detect : the changes of cultured neuron Ca2+ levels by different concentrations of BzATP; the effects of A-740003 and Ca2+-free medium preincubation on BzATP-induced Ca2+ level alterations in cultured neurons. Results BzATP dose-dependently increased the Ca2+ levels in cultured lPAG neurons; A-740003 and Ca2+-free medium inhibited the BzATP-induced increasing of Ca2+ level in cultured lPAG neurons. LSCM showed: The intracellular calcium fluorescence insensity(2.48±1.05) in the BzATP group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group, BzATP control group and A-740003+ BzATP group[(1.12±0.03), (1.09±0.03), (1.14±0.08)](P<0.01). Conclusion The activation of P2X7 receptor can increase the level of lPAG neurons Ca2+ , and is associated with the extracellular Ca2+ influx.
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BACKGROUND@#Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a complicated condition of patients with advanced tumors. Further dissecting the microenvironment of infiltrated immune cells and malignant cells are warranted to understand the immune-evasion mechanisms of tumor development and progression.@*METHODS@#The possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in malignant pleural fluid was investigated using small RNA sequencing. Regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (CD4, CD25, forkhead box P3), and Helios (also known as IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 2 [IKZF2]) were detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of IKZF2 and miR-4772-3p were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR-4772-3p and Helios was determined using dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effects of miR-4772-3p on Helios expression were evaluated using an in vitro system. Correlation assays between miR-4772-3p and functional molecules of Tregs were performed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with non-malignant controls, patients with non-small cell lung cancer had an increased Tregs frequency with Helios expression in the MPE and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The verified downregulation of miR-4772-3p was inversely related to the Helios Tregs frequency and Helios expression in the MPE. Overexpression of miR-4772-3p could inhibit Helios expression in in vitro experiments. However, ectopic expression of Helios in induced Tregs reversed the effects induced by miR-4772-3p overexpression. Additionally, miR-4772-3p could regulate Helios expression by directly targeting IKZF2 mRNA.@*CONCLUSION@#Downregulation of miR-4772-3p, by targeting Helios, contributes to enhanced Tregs activities in the MPE microenvironment.
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With the improvement of tumor diagnosis and treatment, the survival time in cancer patients has been gradually prolonged, but the complications such as severe pain are often found. Due to the unrevealed mechanisms of cancer pain, clinical analgesic treatments are unsatisfied needs , and the cancerous pain seriously affected the life quality of icancer patients. Ion channels are the transmembrane glycoproteins which produce and transmit electrical signals when activated, and involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Alterations in the ion channel function may play an important role in the formation and maintenance of cancer pain. In this review, the research developments of several major ion channels in the mechanisms of cancer pain in recent years are summarized, which can provide some useful references for the study of ion channel and related drug development of cancer pain.
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Objective The mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are complicated and the clinical effect of analgesia therap on this condition is not quite satisfactory.In this study, we observed the analgesic effects of the different doses of tramadol (T ) on neuropathic pain in rats and explored its action mechanisms . Mehtods The model of chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury (CC)I was established in male SD rats.The rats were randomly divided into five groups , sham operation ,CCI model control, low-dose T, mediumdose T, and high-dose T ,those in the latter three groups injected intraperitoneally with T at 5 , 15,and 25mg /kg qd ,respectively ,from the 7th to the 14th day after modeling.The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the nerve -injured hindleg were measured pre-operatively and at1 ,5 , 7, 10, 12and 14 days post-operatively.At 14 days after modeling, the expression of the P2X7receptor in the spinal dorsal horn was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot . Results At 5, 7,10 , 12 and 14 days after modeling,the mechanical pain threshold values were significantly decreased in the rats of the CCI model control group ([34.97±3.86 ],[34.06 ±3.79], [ 33.27±3.65], [29.03±3 . 54], and [17.90±2.34] g) and high-dose Tgroup([ 34.87±3.85], [33.47±3.66],[34 .50±3. 78 ], [29.43±3.64], and [18.63±2.42] g) as compared with the animals of the sham operation group ([39.73±5.55],[39.50±5.51], [40.97±5. 58], [41.87±5.60], and [42.97±6.75] g) (all P<0.01), and so were the thermal pain threshold valuesin the CCI model control group ([35 .21±3.94], [35.16±3.80], [29.74±2. 76], [ 20. 47±2.16], and[12.08±1.48] s) and high -dose T group ([35.76±3.76], [33.27±3.52], [31.22±3.05], [19.41±2.08], and [10.35±1.34] s) in comparison with the shamoperation group ([39.69±4.86], [39.21±4.82], [39.42±5.08], [41.17±4.88], and [42.53±5.12] s) (all P<0. 01 ).The number of the P2X7receptor positive cells and the ROD value of the P 2X7 receptor protein in the spinal dorsal horn were remarkably higher in the CCI model control than in the sham operation , low-dose T and medium-dose T groups (all P<0.01). Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of low-dose tramadol has an analgesic effect on neuropathic pain in rats , which may be related to its decreasing effect on theexpression of the P2X7 receptor in the spinal dorsal horn.
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The spinal origin of cholestatic itch in experimental obstructive jaundice mouse model remains poorly understood.In this study,the jaundice model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice,and differential gene expression patterns were analyzed in the lower thoracic spinal cord involved in cholestatic pruritus after BDL operation using high-throughput RNA sequencing.At 21st day after BDL,the expression levels of ENSRNOG00000060523,ENSRNOG00000058405 and ENSRNOG00000055193 mRNA were significantly up-regulated,and those of ENSRNOG00000042197,ENSRNOG00000008478,ENSRNOG00000019607,ENSRNOG00000020647,ENSRNOG00000046289,Gemin8,Serpina3n and Trim63 mRNA were significantly down-regulated in BDL group.The RNAseq data of selected mRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR.The expression levels of ENSRNOG00000042197,ENSRNOG00000008478,ENSRNOG00000019607,ENSRNOG00000020647,ENSRNOG00000046289 and Serpina3n mRNA were significantly down-regulated in BDL group.This study suggested that cholestatic pruritus in experimental obstructive jaundice mouse model is related with in the changes of gene expression profiles in spinal cord.
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The spinal origin of cholestatic itch in experimental obstructive jaundice mouse model remains poorly understood.In this study,the jaundice model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice,and differential gene expression patterns were analyzed in the lower thoracic spinal cord involved in cholestatic pruritus after BDL operation using high-throughput RNA sequencing.At 21st day after BDL,the expression levels of ENSRNOG00000060523,ENSRNOG00000058405 and ENSRNOG00000055193 mRNA were significantly up-regulated,and those of ENSRNOG00000042197,ENSRNOG00000008478,ENSRNOG00000019607,ENSRNOG00000020647,ENSRNOG00000046289,Gemin8,Serpina3n and Trim63 mRNA were significantly down-regulated in BDL group.The RNAseq data of selected mRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR.The expression levels of ENSRNOG00000042197,ENSRNOG00000008478,ENSRNOG00000019607,ENSRNOG00000020647,ENSRNOG00000046289 and Serpina3n mRNA were significantly down-regulated in BDL group.This study suggested that cholestatic pruritus in experimental obstructive jaundice mouse model is related with in the changes of gene expression profiles in spinal cord.
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Objective To evaluate the role of P2X7 receptor in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) in tramadol-induced reduction of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats.Methods Fifty-four male clean-grade healthy Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7 days,weighing 190-230 g,were studied.NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to sciatic nerve.Experiment Ⅰ Thirty-six rats were divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),group NP1 and NP plus tramadol group (group NP1 +T).Tramadol 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day from day 7 to day 14 after CCI in group NP1+T.The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the nerve-injured hindlimb were measured before CCI and on 1,5,7,10,12 and 14 days after CCI.Rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold on day 14 after CCI,and the expression of P2X7 receptor in vlPAG was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay.Experiment Ⅱ Eighteen rats were divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table method:group NP2,NP plus tramadol group (group NP2+T) and NP plus tramadol plus a specific P2X7 receptor antagonist A-438079 group (group NP2+T+A).In NP2+T+A group,a catheter was implanted in vlPAG,and the NP model was established on 5th day after successful catheterization.Tramadol 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day from day 7 to day 14 after CCI in group NP2+T.In group NP2+T+A,tramadol 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day from day 7 to day 14 after CCI,followed by a microinjection of A-438079 100 pmol (0.3 μl) via vlPAG before giving tramadol on day 14.The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were measured at the end of the last tramadol administration and within 1 h after the end of the last tramadol administration.Results Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group S,the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were significantly decreased at each time point after CCI,the number of P2X7 receptor positive cells was increased,and the expression of P2X7 receptor was up-regulated in the other two groups (P＜0.01).Compared with group NP1,the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were significantly increased at days 7-14 after CCI,the number of P2X7 receptor positive cells was increased,and the expression of P2X7 receptor was up-regulated in group NP1 +T (P＜0.01).Experiment Ⅱ Compared with group NP2,the mechanical and thermal pain threshold were significantly increased at each time point after CCI in NP2+T and NP2 +T+A groups (P＜0.01).Compared with group NP2 +T,the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were significantly decreased at each time point after CCI in group NP2+T+A (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The mechanism by which tramadol mitigates NP is partially related to enhanced function of P2X7 receptors in vlPAG of rats.
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Curcumae Rhizoma comes from Curcuma genus,functional breaking blood stasis,detumescence and acesodyne for treatment of Zhengjia accumulation,amenorrhea,traumatic injury and bruising pain.Modem pharmacological studies have shown that the main monomer composition of zedoary turmeric has a good anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.The main monomer composition of zedoary turmeric copies of curcumol,beta etemene,curcumin anti-inflammatory anti-tumor mechanism of review,provide the basis for the further research progress and clinical application of zedoary turmeric.
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Objective@#To observe the analgesic effect and related mechanism of peripheral acupoints electroacupuncture on superficial partial-thickness burn rats.@*Methods@#Eighty SD rats were divided into sham injury group (SI), pure burn group (PB), electroacupuncture group (E), and sham electroacupuncture group (SE) according to the random number table, with 20 rats in each group. Right posterior leg of rats in group SI were sham injured, while superficial partial-thickness scald (hereinafter referred to as burn) model was reproduced on the right posterior leg of rats in the latter three groups. Electroacupuncture of peripheral acupoints of right posterior leg of rats (equivalent to Zusanli point and Sanyinjiao point of human) in group E were performed from post injury hour (PIH) 12 on, while rats in group SE were treated with sham electroacupuncture, with 30 min each time, one time a day for 3 days. Before injury and at PIH 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72, the threshold of mechanical pain of 5 rats in each group was tested, and the threshold of heat pain of another 5 rats in each group was tested. At PIH 48, brain tissue of 5 rats in each group was obtained to observe the morphology and distribution of astrocytes with positive expression of glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in periaqueductal gray (PAG) area by immunohistochemical staining, and the number of astrocytes was calculated. At the same time, brain tissue of the rest 5 rats in each group was obtained to determine the expression of GFAP of astrocytes in PAG area with Western blotting. Data were possessed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, and SNK test.@*Results@#(1) Compared with that in group SI, the threshold of mechanical pain of rats in groups PB and SE had no significant change before injury and at PIH 12 (with P values above 0.05), but was significantly decreased from PIH 24 to 72 (with P values below 0.05); while the threshold of mechanical pain of rats in group E was significantly decreased from PIH 36 to 72 (with P values below 0.05). The threshold of mechanical pain of rats in group E was significantly higher than that in groups PB and SE at PIH 24 (with P values below 0.05). (2) Compared with that in group SI, the threshold of heat pain of rats in groups PB and SE had no significant change before injury (with P values above 0.05), but was significantly decreased from PIH 12 to 72 (with P values below 0.05); while the threshold of heat pain of rats in group E was significantly decreased from PIH 12 to 60 (with P values below 0.05). The threshold of heat pain of rats in group E was significantly higher than that in groups PB and SE from PIH 24 to 48 (with P values below 0.05). (3) The distribution of astrocytes with positive expression of GFAP in PAG area of rats in group SI was diffuse. The cell volume was small with cell body unobvious, and the projections were sparse, fine and short. The distribution of astrocytes with positive expression of GFAP in PAG area of rats in group PB was relatively concentrated. The cell body was hypertrophy and swelling, and the projections were increased and extended. The morphology and distribution of astrocytes with positive expression of GFAP in PAG area of rats in groups SE and E was similar to that in group PB. The numbers of astrocytes with positive expression of GFAP in PAG area of rats in groups SI, PB, E, and SE were 44±4, 39±4, 27±4, and 36±5, respectively. The number of astrocytes with positive expression of GFAP in PAG area of rats in group PB was significantly less than that in group SI (P<0.05), but similar to that in group SE (P>0.05). The number of astrocytes with positive expression of GFAP in PAG area of rats in group E was significantly less than that in groups PB and SE (with P values below 0.05). (4) The expressions of GFAP of astrocytes in PAG area of rats in groups SI, PB, E, and SE were 1.11±0.16, 0.66±0.15, 0.34±0.06, and 0.56±0.09, respectively. The expression of GFAP of astrocytes in PAG area of rats in group PB was significantly lower than that in group SI (P<0.05), but similar to that in group SE (P>0.05). The expression of GFAP of astrocytes in PAG area of rats in group E was significantly lower than that in groups PB and SE (with P values below 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Electroacupuncture of peripheral acupoints can release the pain followed superficial partial-thickness burn in rats at early stage, and the possible mechanism is that it reduces the activation of astrocytes in PAG area.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) on the secretion of Th2 cytokines and the proportion of immune cell subsets in asthma mice.@*METHODS@#Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were used to build asthma models. Those mice were divided into the normal control group, model group and rosiglitazone group. Differences of the changes in lung histopathology of mice in the three groups were observed through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) strain, and the numbers of the total cells, eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF of mice in the three groups were compared. ELISA and real-time PCR were employed to detect the protein levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-4 and IL-10 and mRNA level, respectively. Flow cytometry number was implied to analyze the proportion of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood of mice.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the mice in the control group, and mice of the model group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in BALF increased, bronchial smooth muscle became thickened, a large amount of collagen deposited, the secretion of Th2 cytokine increased significantly, the ratio of regulatory T cells (Treg) decreased, the ratio of T17 cells rose distinctly; while in mice of the rosiglitazone group, the changes of their lung histopathology were improved obviously, the number of infiltration of inflammatory cells declined, the thickened smooth muscle relieved, the deposition of collagen decreased, the secretion of Th2 cytokine was inhibited, the ratio of Treg went up, and the increased of the ratio of T17 cells was inhibited but still not return to normal level.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Rosiglitazone can regulate the proportion of Treg and Th17 cells and inhibit the secretion of Th2 cytokines, which inhibit the airway inflammatory response for asthma mice effectively.
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Objective To explore the effect of PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) on the secretion of Th2 cytokines and the proportion of immune cell subsets in asthma mice. Methods Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were used to build asthma models. Those mice were divided into the normal control group, model group and rosiglitazone group. Differences of the changes in lung histopathology of mice in the three groups were observed through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) strain, and the numbers of the total cells, eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF of mice in the three groups were compared. ELISA and real-time PCR were employed to detect the protein levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-4 and IL-10 and mRNA level, respectively. Flow cytometry number was implied to analyze the proportion of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood of mice. Results Compared with the mice in the control group, and mice of the model group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in BALF increased, bronchial smooth muscle became thickened, a large amount of collagen deposited, the secretion of Th2 cytokine increased significantly, the ratio of regulatory T cells (Treg) decreased, the ratio of T17 cells rose distinctly; while in mice of the rosiglitazone group, the changes of their lung histopathology were improved obviously, the number of infiltration of inflammatory cells declined, the thickened smooth muscle relieved, the deposition of collagen decreased, the secretion of Th2 cytokine was inhibited, the ratio of Treg went up, and the increased of the ratio of T17 cells was inhibited but still not return to normal level. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can regulate the proportion of Treg and Th17 cells and inhibit the secretion of Th2 cytokines, which inhibit the airway inflammatory response for asthma mice effectively.