Finite element analysis of artificial ankle elastic improved inserts / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the influence of artificial ankle elastic improved inserts (hereinafter referred to as "improved inserts") in reducing prosthesis micromotion and improving joint surface contact mechanics by finite element analysis.@*METHODS@#Based on the original insert of INBONE Ⅱ implant system (model A), four kinds of improved inserts were constructed by adding arc or platform type flexible layer with thickness of 1.3 or 2.6 mm, respectively. They were Flying goose type_1.3 elastic improved insert (model B), Flying goose type_2.6 elastic improved insert (model C), Platform type_1.3 elastic improved insert (model D), Platform type_2.6 elastic improved insert (model E). Then, the CT data of right ankle at neutral position of a healthy adult male volunteer was collected, and finite element models of total ankle replacement (TAR) was constructed based on model A-E prostheses by software of Mimics 19.0, Geomagic wrap 2017, Creo 6.0, Hypermesh 14.0, and Abaqus 6.14. Finally, the differences of bone-metal prosthesis interface micromotion and articular surface contact behavior between different models were investigated under ISO gait load.@*RESULTS@#The tibia/talus-metal prosthesis interfaces micromotion of the five TAR models gradually increased during the support phase, then gradually fell back after entering the swing phase. The improved models (models B-E) showed lower bone-metal prosthesis interface micromotion when compared with the original model (model A), but there was no significant difference among models A-E ( P>0.05). The maximum micromotion of tibia appeared at the dome of the tibial bone groove, and the ​​micromotion area was the largest in model A and the smallest in model E. The maximum micromotion of talus appeared at the posterior surface of the central bone groove, and there was no difference in the micromotion area among models A-E. The contact area of the articular surface of the insert/talus prosthesis in each group increased in the support phase and decreased in the swing phase during the gait cycle. Compared with model A, the articular surface contact area of models B-E increased, but there was no significant difference among models A-E ( P>0.05). The change trend of the maximum stress on the articular surface of the inserts/talus prosthesis was similar to that of the contact area. Only the maximum contact stress of the insert joint surface of models D and E was lower than that of model A, while the maximum contact stress of the talar prosthesis joint surface of models B-E was lower than that of model A, but there was no significant difference among models A-E ( P>0.05). The high stress area of the lateral articular surface of the improved inserts significantly reduced, and the articular surface stress distribution of the talus prosthesis was more uniform.@*CONCLUSION@#Adding a flexible layer in the insert can improve the elasticity of the overall component, which is beneficial to absorb the impact force of the artificial ankle joint, thereby reducing interface micromotion and improving contact behavior. The mechanical properties of the inserts designed with the platform type and thicker flexible layer are better.

Experimental Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Eugenol on Inflammatory Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells by MSCs / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol on inhibiting the inflammatory activation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells （HUC-MSCs） and the pro-inflammatory phenotype of hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） in liver fibrosis， and to explore their underlying mechanisms. MethodsHUC-MSCs were cultured and identified in vitro， and the toxicity of eugenol to HUC-MSCs was evaluated by MTT method. The effect of eugenol on the migration ability of HUC-MSCs was investigated by in vitro scratch test. The expression of α-SMA， COL1A1， Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 of LX-2 cells activated by TGF-β1 treated with EU-MSCs-CM and MSCs-CM were detected by WB assay. EU-MSCs-CM and MSCs-CM treated THP-1 macrophages stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide （LPS） were analyzed for the expression of surface markers CD11b， CD86， and CD206 by flow cytometry. Additionally， the expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 in THP-1 macrophages was detected by qPCR. ResultsThe results of MTT method showed that the viability of the cells remained above 90% after 24 h and 48 h treatment at 0， 7.5， 15 μg/mL. In vitro scratches showed that eugenol treatment enhanced HUC-MSCs migration. WB results showed that compared with MSCs-CM treatment， EU-MSCs-CM treatment significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA， COL1A1， Smad2/3， and p-Smad2/3 of activated HSCs. Flow cytometry showed that compared with MSCs-CM treatment， EU-MSCs-CM treatment had a more significant inhibitory effect on CD86， a M1-type polarization marker in THP-1 macrophages. The results of qPCR experiment showed that compared with MSCs-CM treatment， EU-MSCs-CM treatment more significantly inhibited the expressions of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 of THP-1 macrophage proinflammatory genes. ConclusionsEugenol enhances the inhibitory effect of HUC-MSCs on inflammatory activation of HSCs， possibly by regulating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. It also enhances the inhibitory effect of HUC-MSCs on the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages. Proinflammatory macrophages can promote inflammatory activation of HSCs.

Chinese Guideline on the Management of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (2022) / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Background In mainland China, patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have approximately an 40% prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). This disease leads to recurrent retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED), extensive subretinal or vitreous hemorrhages, and severe vision loss. China has introduced various treatment modalities in the past years and gained comprehensive experience in treating PCV.Methods A total of 14 retinal specialists nationwide with expertise in PCV were empaneled to prioritize six questions and address their corresponding outcomes, regarding opinions on inactive PCV, choices of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) monotherapy or combined therapy, patients with persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) or intraretinal fluid (IRF) after loading dose anti-VEGF, and patients with massive subretinal hemorrhage. An evidence synthesis team conducted systematic reviews, which informed the recommendations that address these questions. This guideline used the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach to assess the certainty of evidence and grade the strengths of recommendations. Results The panel proposed the following six conditional recommendations regarding treatment choices. (1) For patients with inactive PCV, we suggest observation over treatment. (2) For treatment-na?ve PCV patients, we suggest either anti-VEGF monotherapy or combined anti-VEGF and PDT rather than PDT monotherapy. (3) For patients with PCV who plan to initiate combined anti-VEGF and PDT treatment, we suggest later/rescue PDT over initiate PDT. (4) For PCV patients who plan to initiate anti-VEGF monotherapy, we suggest the treat and extend (T&E) regimen rather than the pro re nata (PRN) regimen following three monthly loading doses. (5) For patients with persistent SRF or IRF on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after three monthly anti-VEGF treatments, we suggest proceeding with anti-VEGF treatment rather than observation. (6) For PCV patients with massive subretinal hemorrhage (equal to or more than four optic disc areas) involving the central macula, we suggest surgery (vitrectomy in combination with tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) intraocular injection and gas tamponade) rather than anti-VEGF monotherapy. Conclusions Six evidence-based recommendations support optimal care for PCV patients' management.

Hotspots and difficulties of biliary surgery in older patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

With the accelerated aging society in China, the incidence of biliary surgical diseases in the elderly has increased significantly. The clinical characteristics of these patients indicate that improving treatment outcomes and realizing healthy aging are worthy of attention. How to effectively improve the treatment effect of geriatric biliary surgical diseases has attracted widespread attention. This paper reviews and comments on the hotspots and difficulties of biliary surgery in older patients from six aspects: (1) higher morbidity associated with an aging society, (2) prevention and control of pre-operative risks, (3) extending the indications of laparoscopic surgery, (4) urgent standardization of minimally invasive surgery, (5) precise technological progress in hepatobiliary surgery, and (6) guarantee of peri-operative safety. It is of great significance to fully understand the focus of controversy, actively make use of its favorable factors, and effectively avoid its unfavorable factors, for further improving the therapeutic effects of geriatric biliary surgical diseases, and thus benefits the vast older patients with biliary surgical diseases. Accordingly, a historical record with the highest age of 93 years for laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration has been created by us recently.

Clinical Characteristics of Children with Hemophagocytic Syndrome with Different EB Virus DNA Loads / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical characteristics of hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH) children with different EB virus (EBV) DNA loads, and to explore the relationship between differential indicators and prognosis.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 73 children with HLH treated in our hospital from January 2015 to April 2022 were collected. According to EBV DNA loads, the children were divided into negative group (≤5×102 copies/ml), low load group (>5×102-<5×105 copies/ml) and high load group (≥5×105copies/ml）. The clinical symptoms and laboratory indexes of the three groups were compared, and the ROC curve was used to determine the best cut-off value of the different indexes. Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of children, and to analyze the survival of children in each group.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of female children, the swelling rate of liver and spleen lymph nodes and the involvement rate of blood, liver, circulation and central nervous system in the high load group were higher than those in the negative group. The incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) and central nervous system(CNS) involvement in the high load group were higher than those in the low load group. The liver swelling rate and circulatory system involvement rate in the low load group were higher than those in the negative group(P<0.05). PLT counts in the high load group were significantly lower than those in the negative group, and the levels of GGT, TBIL, CK-MB, LDH, TG, SF, and organ involvement were significantly higher than those in the negative group. The levels of CK, LDH, SF and the number of organ involvement in the high load group were significantly higher than those in the low load group. The levels of GGT and TBIL in low load group were significantly higher than those in negative group. In terms of treatment, the proportion of blood purification therapy in the high and low load group was significantly higher than that in the negative group(P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut-off values of PLT, LDH, TG and SF were 49.5, 1139, 3.12 and 1812, respectively. The appellate laboratory indicators were dichotomized according to the cut-off value, and the differential clinical symptoms were included in the Cox regression model. Univariate analysis showed that LDH>1139 U/L, SF>1812 μg/L, dysfunction of central nervous system, number of organ damage, DIC and no blood purification therapy were the risk factors affecting the prognosis of children (P<0.05); Multivariate analysis shows that PLT≤49.5×109/L and dysfunction of central nervous system were risk factors affecting the prognosis of children (P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate among the three groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of adverse prognostic factors in children with HLH in the EBV-DNA high load group is higher, and there is no significant difference in the survival rate of the three groups after blood purification therapy. Therefore, early identification and application of blood purification therapy is of great significance for children with HLH in the high load group.

The value of multiplex PCR method based on capillary electrophoresis in detecting common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To establish a common method for detecting serotypes of respiratory adenovirus, and to detect the main serotypes of respiratory human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in children in Wenzhou area.Methods:A multiplex PCR method based on capillary electrophoresis was developed to detect 12 common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus.A total of 1 059 children with acute respiratory infection who were admitted to Yuying Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019 with positive infection of HAdV detected by the direct immunofluorescence method were recruited and retrospectively analyzed.Multiplex PCR was performed to determine 12 serotypes of respiratory adenovirus, including HAdV-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 37, 40, 41 and 55.Meanwhile, some samples were randomly selected to examine the consistency in the detection result by the first-generation sequencing method.Results:A total of 1 059 specimens of respiratory secretions with positive HAdV antigen were collected.Detected by multiplex PCR method, 947 cases (89.4%) were positive for 1 serotype, 13 cases (1.2%) were mixed infection with 2 serotypes, and 24 cases (2.3%) were negative.In addition, 75 cases(7.1%) were positive but could not be serotyped.Among the 947 children with the positive infection of a single serotype, 415 cases (43.8%) were HAdV-3 in subgroup B, 318 cases(33.6%) were HAdV-7, 12 cases (1.2%) were HAdV-55, 2 cases (0.2%) were HAdV-21, 108 cases (11.4%) were HAdV-2 in subgroup C, 70 cases (7.4%) were HAdV-1, 16 cases(1.7%) were HAdV-5, and 6 cases(0.6%) were HAdV-4 in subgroup E. HAdV-14, HAdV-37, HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were not detected.A total of 51 positive samples of HAdV infection detected by multiplex PCR were randomly selected to compare with the detection result by the first-generation sequencing, which were all consistent.Conclusions:This study successfully established a multiplex PCR based on capillary electrophoresis in diagnosing common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children.HAdV-3, HAdV-7 of subgroup B and HAdV-2 and HAdV-1 of subgroup C were the main serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children of Wenzhou area.HAdV-14, HAdV-37, HAdV-40 and HAdV- 41 were not detected.

Imiquimod inhibiting the proliferation of gliocytoma U87 cells by down-regulating STAT3/nuclear factor-KB signal pathway / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the effect of imiquimod (IMQ) on the proliferation of glioma U87 cell line U87. Methods U87 cells were divided into control group, 1 mmol/L I mmol/L MQ group, 5 mmol/L IMQ group, 1 mmol/L IMQ+ STAT3 inhibitor(STAT3-IN) group and 5 mmol/L IMQ + STAT3-IN group. To detect the number of 5-ethynyl-2 ' - deoxyuridine(EdU) -labeled cells or proliferation absorbance(A) values in each group by EdU and MTT assays. Interleukin (I L) - 6 mRNA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -a mRNA and protein content in U87 cells of each group were detected by Real-time PCR or ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3 (p - S T A T 3), nuclear factor (N F) -KB and phosphorylated NF-KB (p-NF-KB) in U87 cells of each group. Results Compared with the control group, the number of EdU-labeled cells and absorbance values of U87 cells were successively decreased in 1 mmol/L IMQ group and 5 mmol/L IMQ group, showing a dose-dependent manner (P < 0 . 0 1, n— 1 0) . However, the number of EdU-labeled cells and the A values in IMQ + STAT3-IN group and 5 mmol/L IMQ + STAT3-IN group were significantly reduced. Compared with the control group, the protein expression of STAT3, p-STAT3, N F - K B, P ~ N F - K B, IL-6 and TNF-a were continuing low level in U87 cells of 1 mmol/L IMQ group and 5 mmol/L IMQ group (P < 0 . 0 1, * = 1 0) . As well as in 1 mmol/L IMQ + STAT3-INgroup and 5 mmol/L IMQ + STAT3-IN group, the proteins of above were low expressed (P < 0 . 01, n— 10) . Conclusion Imiquimod decreased the contents of IL-6 and TNF-a by down-regulating S T A T 3 / N F - K B pathway, and thus inhibited the proliferation of U87 cells.

Feasibility and perioperative safety of transoral robotic surgery with da Vinci Xi platform / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the feasibility and perioperative safety of transoral robotic surgery with da Vinci Xi platform for pharyngolaryngeal tumors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 55 consecutive cases with resection of pharyngolaryngeal tumors by transoral robotic surgery with da Vinci Xi platform from July 27, 2020 to October 31, 2021 in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, including 44 males and 11 females, aged 25-79 years. There were 41 cases of oropharyngeal tumors, 9 cases of parapharyngeal space tumors, 2 cases of laryngeal tumors, 2 cases of hypopharyngeal tumors and 1 case of retropharyngeal space tumor. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, perioperative tracheotomy, nasal feeding, hemorrhage and other complications were analyzed. Results: Of the 55 patients, 54 received resection of pharyngolaryngeal tumors by da Vinci robot through oral approach, and only 1 case of pyriform sinus carcinoma underwent a conversion to open surgery due to poor exposure of lower margin. The average surgical time for the patients with transoral robotic surgeries was 64.4 min, the average blood loss was 24.8 ml, the average postoperative hospital stay was 6.9 d, and the average oral feeding time was 11.1 d. Seventeen patients (30.9%) underwent preventive tracheotomy during surgery. Among 38 cases of laryngeal cancer, 28 underwent simultaneously neck dissection. No serious complications occurred in all patients during and after operation. The follow-up time was 1-15 months. Aside from 1 patient had a relapse 10 months after surgery, other patients had no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: Transoral robotic surgery with da Vinci Xi is safe, effective and minimally invasive for resection of pharyngolaryngeal tumors under reasonable indications.

Case control study on T-plate combined with suture anchors for the treatment of Neer Ⅱb clavicle fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of distal radius T-plate combined with suture anchor and distal clavicle anatomical locking plate combined with suture anchor in the treatment of Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fracture.@*METHODS@#From June 2014 to June 2018, 42 patients with Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fractures were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into the observation group (T-shaped plate combined with suture anchor) and the control group (anatomical locking plate combined with suture anchor). There were 22 patients in the observation group and 20 patients in the control group. In the observation group, there were 13 males and 9 females, aged from 22 to 70 (45.78± 14.44) years old, 12 cases on the left side and 10 cases on the right side, 8 cases of traffic accident injury and 14 cases of fall. In the control group, there were 12 males and 8 females, aged from 24 to 66 (44.17±15.58) years, 13 cases on the left side and 7 cases on the right side, 6 cases of traffic accident injuryand 14 cases of fall. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups, and Constant Murley score was used to evaluate shoulder joint function.@*RESULTS@#The patients in both groups were followed up for 18 to 24 (20.96±2.02) months. The incisions of both groups were healed at stageⅠ. The fracture ends of both groups were bony healed at the last follow up. There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#The two methods can obtain satisfactory results in the treatment of Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fractures, especially suitable for patients with comminuted distal clavicle fractures or osteoporosis; the clinical effect of the treatment of NeerⅡb distal clavicle fractures with T type distal radius plate combined with suture anchor is satisfactory, which provides another feasible treatment scheme for clinic.

Network Pharmacology-Based Exploration of Synergistic Mechanism of Guanxin II Formula (II) for Coronary Heart Disease / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the pharmacological mechanism of Guanxin II formula (II) for treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD).@*METHODS@#A network pharmacology-based method was utilized. First candidate compounds, targets of GX II were collected using PharmMapper, BATMAN-TCM, DrugBank and SwissTargetPrediction, and targets on CHD were mined from GeneCards, DisGenet, DrugBank and GEO. Afterwards, the big hub compounds and targets were chosen in the candidate compounds-direct therapeutic targets on the CHD (C-T) network and the direct therapeutic targets on the CHD (T-D) network. Furthermore, the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were performed to identify the enriched terms. Finally, a molecular docking simulation strategy was adopted to verify the binding capacity between the big hub compounds and big hub targets on CHD.@*RESULTS@#First, 114 candidate compounds were selected with the following criteria: OB⩾30%, DL⩾0.18, and HL ⩾4 h. Then, 1,035 targets of GX II were gathered, while 928 targets on CHD were collected. Afterwards, 196 common targets of compound targets and therapeutic targets on CHD were defined as direct therapeutic targets acting on CHD. In addition, the contribution index (CI) in the C-T network was calculated, and 4 centrality properties, including degree, betweenness, closeness and coreness, in the T-D network, 4 big hub compounds, and 6 big hub targets were eventually chosen. Furthermore, the GO and KEGG analysis indicated that GX II acted on CHD by regulating the reactive oxygen species metabolism, steroid metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The docking results manifested excellent binding capacity between the 4 big hub compounds and 6 big hub targets on CHD.@*CONCLUSION@#This network pharmacology-based exploration revealed that GX II might prevent and inhibit the primary pathological processes of CHD.

Effect of High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Local Field Potential and Spike Time-frequency Characteristics during Working Memory in Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on learning memory and neuroelectric activity in rats. Methods:Eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 4) and rTMS group (n = 4). rTMS group was stimulated 14 days by rTMS with the frequency of 5 Hz, and the stimulation intensity was 100% motor threshold. The control group did not accepted rTMS. Then, the 16 channel local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes were recorded from their prefrontal cortex (PFC) in each group during the working memory tasks. The time-frequency analysis based on the short-time Fourier transform was performed on the LFPs, and the spike was analyzed by the release rate method. Multitaper Spectral Coherence was used to analyze the Synchronization Degree of LFPs-spike. Results:In the working memory experiment, rTMS group needed less days than the control group to reach the task correction criterion (t = 2.51, P = 0.046). The energy intensity of the θ-band and γ-band of the LFPs was significantly higher in rTMS group than in the control group (t > 12.49, P < 0.001), θ-band and γ-band LFPs-spike were more synchronized (t > 8.82, P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the average rate of spike between groups (t = 1.73, P = 0.067). Conclusion:High frequency rTMS could increase the LFPs energy in working memory experiment, enhance cooperative coding process for LFPs and spike, and improve the working memory ability of the rats.

Relationship among areca nut, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and autophagy / 华西口腔医学杂志

The relationship between areca nut as a primary carcinogen and oral cancer has been widely concerned. Areca can change the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy in cells, and the levels of ROS and autophagy are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. This paper reviewed the relationships among areca nut, intracellular ROS, and autophagy.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors based on a quinoxaline scaffold / 药学学报

Based on the structure of inhibitors XL765 and WR23, the quinoxaline scaffold was selected as an attractive structure for drug design. In this protocol, the 2-position of quinoxaline was modified with a substituted phenoxy fragment. Meanwhile, the linking chain at the 3-position was changed to a sulfonyl hydrazine or was removed. A series of substituent groups were added at the 6-position of the quinoxaline scaffold. Twenty-two quinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. All compounds were screened for anti-tumor activity in vitro in A549, MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2 cancer cells. The results showed that P6b was effective, P6e and P6f had better activity against HCT116 (IC50 = 3.24, 4.78 and 4.50 μmol·L-1), and P6d had strong inhibitory effect on MCF-7 (IC50 = 0.228 7 μmol·L-1).

Analysis of Medical Cases of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Treated with Haoqin Qingdantang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious. In the early stages of the disease, the symptoms of coldness, dampness and depression in the lungs often appear, including fever, fatigue, soreness, dry cough, poor appetite, and white greasy tongue coating. During the development of the disease, the damp toxin epidemic often enters the inner and generates heat, and the damp heat epidemic toxin blocks pleurodiaphragmatic sites, the triple energizer and lungs, with manifestations of chest tightness, shortness of breath, exacerbation after exercise, or high fever without bringing down, poor appetite, bitterness in mouth, fatigue, diarrhea, loose stools, and yellow and thick tongue fur. As the pathogen can go outward or enter more deeply inside to cause death at the moment, it is the crucial time to treat the disease. In this study, Haoqin Qingdantang was used to clear dampness and heat, reconcile Shaoyang channel and recover the triple energizer, detoxify the dampness fever epidemic toxin, and block the toxin inside, with a good efficacy. This prescription focuses on smoothing the Shaoyang gallbladder channel and the triple energizer, and regards the spleen and stomach as the acquired essence. In the prescription, Erchentang reconciles the spleen and stomach, elevates clear Qi and lower turbid Qi. Bupleuri Radix is added to increase its detoxification function, and Paeoniae Rubra Radix is added to circulate the blood and prevent pathogen from the blood. When the condition improves, Sweet Wormwood Herb and talc are often withdrawn, and Codonopsis is added to nourish the spleen and stomach, to strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor. Based on the cases of COVID-19 treated in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, this paper summarized some experience of applying Haoqin Qingdantang.

Comparison of the minimally invasive treatments of laparoscopic and endosopic for common bile duct stones after gastrojejunostomy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility and to compare the merits and demerits of laparoscopic and endoscopic approach in removing common bile duct stones in patients with gastrojejunostomy after gastrectomy.@*METHODS@#Between January 2012 and December 2016, 25 patients with common bile duct stones after gastrojejunostomy received laparoscopic or endoscopic treatment in our centers. They were divided into laparoscopic group and endoscopic group based on treatment approaches for common bile duct stones, including 15 patients in laparoscopic group and 10 in endoscopic group. The clinical characteristics and outcomes between the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 25 patients with gastrojejunostomy, the method of reconstruction was Billroth II in 21 patients and Roux-en-Y in 4 patients. Six patients received laparoscopic or endoscopic treatment during the acute cholangitis state. Among the laparoscopic group, 5 patients with stones more than 1 cm, 7 patients with multiple stones, while in the endoscopic group, 3 patients with stones more than 1 cm and 4 patients with multiple stones. Fourteen patients in the laparoscopic group with coexisting gallbladder stones, and 6 of their common bile duct stones were successfully removed by transcystic approach without T tube drainage. Stone removals were successful in 4 patients of the endoscopic group by a single performance, including 3 patients with single small stone and one patient with multiple small stones. Two patients in the laparoscopic group were converted to open surgery for severe adhesion and one patient in the endoscopic group turned to laparoscopic operation for failing of finding papilla in the Roux-en-Y anastomotic status. The median hospital stays were 12 d and 10 d, respectively in the laparoscopic and endoscopic group. There were 3 patients with postoperative complications, including one patient with paralytic ileus in the laparoscopic group and 2 patients with biliary pancreatitis or bacteremia in the endoscopic group, and all of them recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Both laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches are feasible for removing stones in the common bile duct in patients with gastrojejunostomy after gastrectomy, and they complement each other. In addition, both techniques are difficult to conduct, and a technical competence should be considered in selection of each method.

Experimental study on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibody on autophagy level in allergic rhinitis mice / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To observe the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody on autophagy in allergic rhinitis (AR) mice.@*Methods@#Thirty six weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly divided by random number table method into five groups: control group, model group (AR group), TNF-α antibody intervention group (AR+TNF-α group), autophagy inhibitor (3-methylindole, 3-NA) intervention group (AR+3-MA group), TNF-α antibody combined with autophagy inducer rapamycin (RAP) intervention group (AR+TNF-α+RAP group), with 6 mice in each group. AR model was established by conventional method, the corresponding reagent was administered before nasal cavity stimulation sensitization and during the whole experiment. Behavioral scores of mice were obtained, blood was collected from the eye socket, and mice in each group were sacrificed to collect nasal mucosa tissue samples. Pathological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression levels of inflammatory factor and IgE in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of autophagy related indicators microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3B (LC3B), Beclin-1, sequestosome1 (p62), autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) were measured by Real-time PCR and Western blot. The aggregation of LC3B protein was observed by immunofluorescence. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Compared with the AR model group, symptoms of AR in AR+TNF-α group and AR+3-MA group were mild; the pathological changes of nasal mucosa were weak; the expression of IgE, TNF-α, interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum significantly reduced (IgE: 666.19±78.35 (±s) vs. 692.38±64.29 vs. 1 059.05±146.44, TNF-α: 112.06±12.95 vs. 113.17±15.43 vs. 161.22±17.96, IL-4: 54.05±7.14 vs. 58.26±5.67 vs. 79.95±6.33, IFN-γ: 28.58±4.51 vs. 30.67±2.60 vs. 39.83±3.31, all P<0.05), and the expression of LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin-1, ATG5, ATG7 in nasal mucosa significantly decreased, the expression of p62 significantly elevated. After intervention with autophagy inducer RAP, the therapeutic effect of TNF-α monoclonal antibodies on AR was antagonized.@*Conclusion@#TNF-α monoclonal antibody significantly improves nasal symptoms in AR mice by inhibiting autophagy levels.

Laparoscopic treatment for incidental gallbladder cancer: a retrospective 10 years study from a single institution / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic treatment for incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBCA) and analyze the factors influencing prognosis.@*Methods@#A retrospective study of 71 patients with IGBCA received laparoscopic treatment at Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016 was conducted,the clinicopathological data and prognosis were analyzed. There were 18 males and 53 females,aged 23 to 81 years. They were divided into two groups based on the presence of intraluminal mass in the gallbladder. Sixty-five of the 71 patients received laparoscopic radical resection, the prognosis of them were compared with 14 patients with open radical resection.@*Results@#Among the 71 patients,65 patients received radical resection,3 patients simple gallbaldder resection and 3 patients palliative resection. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients. IGBCA were detected by frozen section in 57 patients,with the accuracy of 96.5%,while the accuracy of T stage is 43.8% in the 48 patients received T stage evaluation during frozen section examination. The T stages based on final pathology were Tis(n=6),T1a(n=5),T1b(n=10),T2(n=46),and T3(n=4).The number of harvested lymph node was 4.7±2.9(range:2-12).There are 14 patients with lymph node metastasis. The 50 patients with intraluminal gallbladder mass include 21 patients with ≤T1b stage and 29 patients with ≥T2 stage, while the 21 patients without intraluminal gallbladder mass are all with ≥T2 stage. The median survival time of the 71 patients was 33 months, with the 5-year cumulative survival rate 67.3%. The 5-year cumulative survival rate is 78.5% for the 65 patients who received radical resection,comparable with those who received open radical resection(P=0.485).Univariate analysis demonstrated that T stage, lymph node metastasis, G grade, lymphovascular invasion, neural invasion, acute cholecystectomy, bile spillage, gallbladder mass and preoperative CA19-9/CEA were the most important prognostic factors(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Laparoscopic treatment for IGBCA is feasible, especially for those with intraluminal gallbladder mass. The accuracy of frozen section examination in evaluating T stage is low.

Treatment of degenerative medial meniscus injury of knee joint by arthroscopy combined with small needle knife to release superficial medial collateral ligament of knee joint / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect of arthroscopic combined with small needle knife in the treatment of degenerative medial meniscus (MM) injury of knee joint by releasing the superficial layer of medial collateral ligament (SMCL).@*METHODS@#From February 2016 to November 2018, 56 patients (56 knees) with limited pain, strangulation and flexion in medial knee joint space were selected. X-ray Kellgren-Lawrence grading was I-II. MRI showed medial meniscus injury(III degree) of knee joint. There were 30 males(30 knees) and 26 females(26 knees). Arthroscopic MM plasty and small needle knife were used to release SMCL. The Lysholm knee score was used to evaluate the effect of operation.@*RESULTS@#All 56 patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 24 months, with an average of 10 months. According to the Lysholm knee score standard, the final follow-up was compared with that of before operation. The results showed that the preoperative knee score was 37.24±1.32, the latest follow-up knee score was 85.72±5.28, the knee score was higher than that before the operation(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Arthroscopy combined with small needle knife release of superficial medial collateral ligament in the treatment of degenerative medial knee meniscus injury can effectively improve the mechanical balance of the knee joint, improve Lysholm knee score in patients with knee meniscus injury, and promote the recovery of knee joint function, which has clinical value.

Recent Progress of Molecular Genetic Characteristics and Prognosis of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Lymphomas are traditionally divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL), the NHL is a common hematological cancer, which represents a wide spectrum of illnesses from the most indolent to the most aggressive malignancies, and the detection of related molecular targets will be needed for diagosing each subtype of NHL. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of NHL have improved the precision of diagnosis and the prognosis evaluation of patients with this disorder, such as chromosomal translocation leading to the up-regulation of oncogene expression. Besides, the deletion of several tumor suppressor genes may cause excessive proliferation in tumor cells, and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) determines the differences of susceptibility, drug-resistance and prognosis of NHL. In addition, DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA and other epigenetic phenomena play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, selection of clinical drugs and evaluation of prognosis of NHL. In this review, the recent progress of researches on chromosome translocation, deletion of tumor suppression genes, gene poly-morphism and epigenetics are summarized.

Effect of arterial flow on muscle atrophy / 生物医学工程学杂志

This study analyzed the inherent relation between arterial blood mass flow and muscle atrophy of residual limb to provide some necessary information and theoretical support for the clinical rehabilitation of lower limb amputees. Three-dimensional arterial model reconstruction was performed on both intact side and residual limb of a unilateral transfemoral amputee who is the subject. Then hemodynamic calculation was carried out to comparatively analyze the mass flow state at each arterial outlet of both lower extremities. The muscle atrophy ratio of residual limb was calculated by measuring the cross-sectional area of bilateral muscles. Based on the blood supply relationship, the correlation between arterial blood flow reduction ratio and muscle atrophy ratio was discussed. The results showed that the mass flow of superficial femoral arteries and lateral circumflex femoral arteries severely reduced. Meanwhile rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis which were fed by these arteries showed great atrophy too. On the contrary, the mass flow of deep femoral arteries and medial femoral circumflex arteries slightly reduced. Meanwhile gracilis, adductor longus, long head of biceps which were fed by these arteries showed mild atrophy too. These results indicated that there might be a positive and promotion correlation between the muscle atrophy ratio and the blood mass flow reduction ratio of residual limb during rehabilitation.