Scoping review of progress in cohort studies of autism spectrum disorder / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the status of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cohort studies and explore the feasibility of constructing ASD disease-specific cohorts based on real-world data (RWD). Methods: ASD cohort studies published by December 2022 were collected by literature retrieval from major Chinese and English databases. And the characteristics of the cohort were summarized. Results: A total of 1 702 ASD cohort studies were included, and only 60 (3.53%) were from China. A total of 163 ASD-related cohorts were screened, of which 55.83% were birth cohorts, 28.22% were ASD-specific cohorts, and 4.91% were ASD high-risk cohorts. Most cohorts used RWD such as hospital registries or conducted community-based field surveys to obtain participant information and identified patients with ASD by scales or clinical diagnoses. The contents of the studies included ASD incidence and prognostic risk factors, ASD comorbidity patterns and the impact of ASD on self-health and their offspring's health. Conclusions: ASD cohort studies in developed countries have been in the advanced stage, while the Chinese studies are still in their infancy. RWD provides the data basis for ASD-specific cohort construction and offers new opportunities for research, but work such as case validation is still needed to ensure the scientific nature of cohort construction.

Artificial intelligence-based literature data warehouse for vaccine safety / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To establish a sustainable updated literature data warehouse for global vaccine safety assessment, and provide data support for evidence-based vaccine safety assessment. Methods: Semi-automated construction and updating of a literature data warehouse were achieved through the continuous integration of standard operating steps of evidence-based reviews with artificial intelligence technologies. Following the standard procedure of a systematic literature review, the literatures about vaccine safety assessment published before November 29, 2020 were retrieved from 9 databases including OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrails.org in English and Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, and SinoMed in Chinese. Literatures were screened for two rounds in a semi-automatic manner (by artificial intelligence literature processing system and manual work) according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Furthermore, the literatures were classified according to the types of vaccines and adverse events. The updating strategy was established, and the literature data warehouse was updated regularly. Experts were organized to select specific vaccine safety topics and carry out special demonstration studies. Results: More than 0.41 million articles were retrieved. According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 23 304 articles were included after two rounds of screening. At present, we have selected and completed three prior topics as demonstration studies, including the systematic review of "DPT (diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus) vaccine and encephalopathy/encephalitis", and the classified management of literatures about allergic purpura and brachial plexus neuritis. Conclusions: The sustainable updated literature data warehouse of vaccine safety can provide high-quality research data for vaccine safety research, including evidence support for immunization related policy-making and adjustment and vaccine safety-related methodological research or clinical tool development; and further demonstration studies can provide references for building a new methodological framework system for timely and efficient completion of the evidence-based assessment of vaccine safety.

Meta-analysis of blood system adverse events of Tripterygium wilfordii / 中国中药杂志

A systematic review was undertaken, including studies that evaluated the incidence of the blood system adverse events of Tripterygium wilfordii (TWP). Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant studies, including RCT, cohort studies and case series, of patients treated with TWP published in English and Chinese from inception up until May 25th, 2013 with the keywords including "Tripterygium wilfordii", "toxicity", "reproductive", "side effect", "adverse", "safety" and "tolerability". Relevant information was extracted and the incidence of the blood system adverse events was pooled with MetaAnalyst software. Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on age, mode of medicine, observation time and disease system. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 49 articles were included in the meta-analysis, they were split into 54 researches incorporated in the analysis. There is a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies, so data was analyzed using random-effects model and the summary estimates of incidence of the blood system adverse events was 6.1%. The weighted combined incidence of three major blood system adverse events were white-blood cells decreasing 5.6% (95% CI, 4.3% - 7.3%), hemoglobin decreasing 1.7% (95% CI, 0.5% - 5.0%) and platelet decreasing 1.8% (95% CI, 1.0% - 3.1%), respectively . Sensitivity analyses based on 45 studies with high quality showed the combined value was close to the summary estimate of total 54 studies. The current evidence indicates that the incidence of the blood system adverse events induced by TWP was high; attentions should be paid on to the prevention and treatment of the blood system adverse events.

Protection of the proximal colon segment during laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

To evaluate the protection of proximal colon segment by analyzing blood supply disorder of proximal colon segment during laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy(11 cases) in the Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University. It is concluded that the disorder of blood supply of proximal colon segment during laparoscopic proctosigmoid surgery has two reasons. One is the anatomic factor of mesenteric vessels; the other is the inappropriate operative procedure. It is recommended that left colonic artery should be retained, and inferior mesenteric artery should be handled at a low level, thus, the risk of proximal intestine blood supply disorder caused by vascular anatomy variation can be reduced.

Feasibility of packaging screening for cervical cancer, breast cancer, and reproductive tract infection in a rural area in China / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of cervical cancer, breast cancer, and reproductive tract infection (RTI) among women living in a county of China, identify these women's recognition about these three diseases and their attitude toward the screening, and evaluate the feasibility of the packaging screening program in rural areas in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this cross-sectional study, women aged 30-59 living in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province, were surveyed by questionnaires and screened with visual inspection of cervix, breast clinic examination, and combined clinical examination and laboratory tests for RTI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 630 women underwent interviews and packaging screening. The prevalences of cervical precancerous lesion, breast benign disease, and RTI were 0.2%, 14.0%, and 53.2%, respectively. No cancer case was found. The percentages of women knowing cervical cancer, breast cancer, and RTI as common diseases in women were 70.5%, 63.5%, and 52.9% after health education. Up to 92.5% of women preferred packaging screening to screening for single disease; however, they were not willing to pay the screening at current high cost.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalences of breast benign disease and RTI are relatively high among women in rural areas in China. The women's recognition about these three diseases is moderately good. The packaging screening program is well accepted and feasible in rural areas.</p>

Clinical application of magnifying colonoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal benign neoplastic lesions / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical value of magnifying endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal benign neoplastic lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-eight colorectal lesions in 61 patients were examined with magnifying colonoscopy after indigo carmine dyeingìand pit pattern diagnosis was made for every lesion according to Kudos classification to differentiate neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic lesions. The lesions were resected by endoscopic polypectomy and mucosectomy or surgical treatment. The diagnoses made by magnifying colonoscopy were compared with pathologic results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnostic sensitivity of magnifying endoscopy for neoplastic lesions was 98.4% and specificity was 85.7%. The overall accuracy for adenoma and early colorectal cancer was 96.2%. 89.7% of adenomatous lesions were treated by endoscopic resection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The magnifying colonoscopy can provide instantaneous and accurate diagnosis of neoplastic lesions in colon and rectum,as well as minimally invasive treatment.</p>

Application of sentinel lymph node biopsy by subareolar injection of blue dye in the treatment of breast carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy by subareolar injection of blue dye in the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of 25 cases of early-stage breast cancer who were carried out subareolar injection of blue dye method for sentinel lymph node biopsy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 25 cases, 24 were checked out sentinel lymph nodes. Check-out rate was 96.0%. Totally 62 sentinel lymph nodes were checked out, each patient had 2.5 nodes averagely. There were 5 cases with lymph node metastases in HE stain, and 7 cases with positive nodes in IHC stain. Sensitivity in this group was 87.5%; Accuracy 96.0%; False negative rate 12.5%; False positive rate 0.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Application of sentinel lymph node biopsy by subareolar injection of blue dye in the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma can also acquire high check-out rate and high accuracy.</p>