Short-term outcomes of single incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: Although single port laparoscopic surgery has achieved good clinical results, many surgeons are discouraged by the difficulties of operation, conflict of instruments, lack of antagonistic traction, and straight-line perspective. Therefore, some surgeons have proposed a single incision plus one hole laparoscopic surgery (SILS+1) surgical method. This study explored the safety and feasibility of SILS+1 for radical resection of colorectal cancer. Methods: A descriptive cohort study was carried out. The clinical data, including the operation, pathology and recovery situation, of 178 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing SILS+1 at Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from March 2018 to January 2019 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Clavien-Dindo criteria was used for postoperative complication evaluation and visual analog scale was used for pain standard. Follow-up studies were conducted through outpatient service or telephone and the follow-up period was up to May 2019. Results: A total of 178 patients with colorectal cancer underwent SILS+1, including 111 male patients (62.4%) with an average age of 59 years. Eleven (6.2%) patients received added 1-3 operation ports during operation, and 1 patient was converted to open surgery due to ileocolic artery hemorrhage. The operative time was (135.2±42.3) minutes. The intraoperative blood loss was (34.6±35.5) ml. The number of harvested lymph nodes was 33.1±17.6. The distal margin was (4.7±17.8) cm. The proximal margin was (10.2±5.3) cm. Operation-related complications were observed in 16 patients (9.0%) within 30 days after the operation, of whom 6 had Clavien-Dindo III complications (3.4%). The postoperative pain scores were lower than 3. The average postoperative hospital stay was (5.6±2.6) days. Three patients (1.7%) returned to hospital within 30 days after operation due to intestinal obstruction and infection around stoma. The cosmetic evaluation of all the patients was basically satisfied. Conclusion: SILS+1 is safe and feasible in the treatment of colorectal cancer, and can reduce the postoperative pain.

TALEN-mediated MYH9 Knock-down and its influence on cell cycle and apoptosis of MGC803 cell line / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a MYH9 gene knockout model in MGC803 cell line using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and observe its effect on cell cycle and apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to FastTALE(TM) TALEN Kit, we designed TALEN pairs and constructed the plasmids targeting to MYH9 gene. After detecting their activity in MGC803 cells by plasmid transfection, DNA sequencing, RT-PCR and western blot, we selected the monoclonal cells and studied the changes in the cell cycle and apoptosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MYH9 gene could not be knocked out but knocked down in selected MGC803 monoclonal cells, which caused cell cycle arrested at G2/M phase (P<0.05) and a significant increase in the cell number with early apoptosis (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We successfully generated a MYH9 knockdown model in MGC803 cell lines by TALEN, which could be in favor of MYH9 function study in gastric cancer.</p>

Investigation on the risk factors for HIV infection among elderly male clients of the commercial female sex-workers in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in 2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To monitor the current HIV prevalence, related risk behaviors and factors for HIV infection among the elderly male clients of the commercial female sex-workers (CFSW)in Guangxi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Face to face interview on male clients aged ≥40 years old was carried out in April to July, 2012. Information on demography, awareness of HIV prevention, related risk behaviors, history on HIV testing etc. were collected, with 3-5 ml full blood collected for testing on HIV. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4260 clients were surveyed at 14 surveillance sites in which 82.1% had received secondary or lower education, 72.0% experienced commercial sex in places with low-class sex trade. HIV awareness rate of clients was 74.2% in which the rate of clients who were HIV positive was 65.8%. Among all the clients, 73 were detected as HIV positive, with the HIV positive rate as 1.40% . Samples from voluntary counseling and testing sites showed higher risk to HIV infection than from other sources (OR = 23.672, 95%CI:4.984-112.434). Samples from middle class population showed lower risk to HIV infection than those at low class (OR = 0.410, 95%CI:0.190-0.885). Among those who were syphilis negative (OR = 0.255, 95%CI: 0.132-0.491) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)negative (OR = 0.154, 95% CI:0.059-0.401), the risk of getting HIV infected seemed to be low. Rate on condom use was low for clients among all of the sex-related behaviors regardless of the marriage status. In those lower-class sex trade places, lower rate on the condom use was seen. Rate for previous HIV testing for clients was only 4.6% . Among 41 clients who had received CD4 testing, 80.5% of them showed CD4 under 350 cell/µl, 61.0% were under 200 cell/µl.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HIV positive rate for elderly male clients of the CFSWs was high in Guangxi. Unprotective sexual contact with low class sex workers was the most important risk factor for HIV infection.</p>

Clinicopathological features and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors complicated with synchronous other alimentary malignant tumor / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathologic features, treatment and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) complicated with synchronous other alimentary malignant tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 525 patients with GIST undergoing surgical treatment from August 2004 to November 2012 in Shanghai Renji Hospital were reviewed retrospectively, among whom 46 patients presented synchronous other alimentary malignancy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GIST and other alimentary malignancy coexisting cases were less likely to be screened out preoperatively (2.2%, 1/46) and associated with elder age (P=0.001), more likely arise from stomach (P=0.000), smaller tumor maximum diameter (P=0.000), and lower mitotic count (P=0.000). According to NIH postoperative risk classification, there were 36 at very low risk, 9 at low risk, and 1 at high risk. Although the risk of GIST recurrence was lower for GIST and other alimentary malignancy coexisting cases, their 5-year survival rate was lower than that of patients with GIST alone (36.1%VS. 82.2%, P=0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GIST patients complicated with synchronous alimentary malignant tumor are usually low or very low risk and has minimal impact on the prognosis. Survival depends primarily on the synchronous alimentary malignant tumors. Therefore, it is reasonable to lay emphasis on the treatment of the alimentary malignant tumor, and perform synchronous resection of GIST if possible.</p>

Clinical analysis of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery in the treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor: report of 46 cases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for treating gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 46 patients with gastric GIST undergoing laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery between June 2009 and June 2011 at the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 27 males and 19 females with the mean age of 58.5 years. Thirty-three patients received endoscopy-assisted wedge resection, and 13 cases received laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic resection. All the operations were successful. The mean operative time was (85.5±29.3) min, the mean blood loss was (31.4±12.2) ml, the mean post-operative gastrointestinal functional recovery time was (31.6±14.9) h, and the mean post-operative hospital stay was (5.1±2.9) d. No post-operative complication occurred. NIH risk assessment showed that 34 cases were very low risk and 12 low risk. No recurrence or metastasis was found during the follow-up ranging from 2 to 26 months(median, 12.6 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric GIST is both feasible and safe with minimal invasiveness, fast recovery and satisfactory short-term outcomes.</p>

Influence of silencing Notch1 on proliferation, migration and invasion of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of Notch1 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Notch1 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot in four gastric cancer cell lines(SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-45 and MKN-28). The RNAi segments targeting Notch1 were designed and transfected into cell lines with the highest level of Notch1. The transcription and translation level of Notch1 expression was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. The proliferation of transfected cells were determined by CCK8 test. Meanwhile, the migration and invasive ability of transfected tumor cells were detected by Transwell test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gastric cell line BGC-823 was selected with the highest expression of Notch1 at both mRNA level and protein level. The expression of Notch1 was significantly reduced after the transfection. The CCK8 test showed the growth rate was significantly reduced in RNAi group after two days(F=4.644, P=0.046). In migration test, the number of cells crossing through chambers in RNAi group(30.1±3.1) was significantly lower than that in the negative control group(44.5±3.2) and in the mock group(46.1±2.6)(P<0.05). In invasion test, the number of cells crossing through chambers in RNAi group(22.9±4.5) was also significantly lower than that in the negative control group (37.3±4.2) and in the mock group (37.8±3.7)(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Down-regulation of Notch1 inhibits the proliferation and reduces the ability of migration and invasion in gastric cell line BGC-823, suggesting that Notch1 may play an important role in the gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis.</p>

Application of genome-wide microarray for screening genes related to peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen genes related to peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specimens of primary cancer and normal mucosa tissues were collected from 3 patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer. The total RNA were extracted and inversely transcribed into cDNA to synthesize aRNA using in vitro RNA synthesis. The synthesized aRNA, after labeling with Cy3, were hybridized with the whole human genome oligo microarray. The Empirical Bayes method was used to screen the differentially expressed genes, followed by confirmation of the selected genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With a threshold of P≤0.05, a total of 105 differentially expressed genes were identified in primary cancer lesions, including 42 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated genes. Three of the up-regulated genes (S100P, PRDX1 and SLPI) were selected and confirmed by RT-PCR, which yielded results consistent with those from gene microarray.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gene microarray technique can provide valuable clues for locating the tumor markers of peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.</p>

Analysis of clinicopathology and prognosis in 181 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic experience of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and to analyze the pathological features and prognostic factors of GIST.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 181 patients with GIST admitted in Renji Hospital between January 1999 and December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. All the cases were grouped according to Fletcher's risk scheme. Life table and COX regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 181 tumors, 107(59.1%) were located in stomach, 51 (28.2%) in intestine and 23(12.7%) in colorectum or other sites. Distant metastases,including liver metastases were found in 7 patients intraoperatively. Tumor size ranged from 0.5 to 30 cm with the mean of 7.02 cm. The positive rate of CD117 was 94.5% (171/181) and that of CD34 was 86.2% (156/181). One hundred and seventy-six patients underwent complete resections, including multi-organ resections in 26 patients. The other patients underwent palliative operations. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates of 181 patients were 95.2%, 87.9% and 78.5% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed age, tumor size, primary organ of tumor, mitotic count, Fletcher's classification and multi-organ resection were associated with survival rate. No significant difference of sex was existed among groups. COX hazard proportional model revealed that advanced stage and large tumor size indicated worse prognosis. Eight patients with high risk of recurrence and 3 patients with recurrence and metastasis were stable after receiving imatinib therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnosis of GIST depends on endoscope and CT. Fletcher's classification is simple and effective to evaluate GIST behavior and prognosis. Surgical resection is still the main therapy for GIST and targeted therapy will play a more important role for prognosis in the future.</p>

Effect of c-kit mutation on the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a meta-analysis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of c-kit mutation on the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A search of studies in PubMed and MedLine (from 1999 to 2008) was performed to assess the effect of c-kit mutation on the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The articles were retrieved with the entries of "gastrointestinal stromal tumors", "imatinib", "c-kit" and "mutation". A meta-analysis was performed to assess the data included.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 15 articles were collected in this analysis. No significant differences was found in incidence of mitoses (> 5/50 HPF) between the patients with wild type c-kit (wild type group) and the ones with mutated c-kit (mutation group) (P = 0.710); tumor recurrence and metastasis rate after surgery was significant higher in the mutation group than that in wild type group (P = 0.010); as for imatinib response with different c-kit mutation types, the results showed the incidence of clinical response (complete response + partial response) was significantly higher in mutation group than that in wild type group (P = 0.009), but the imatinib resistance rate was lower in mutation group (P = 0.000); three studies provided data for imatinib resistance with c-kit second mutations, the results showed the second mutations mainly focus on exon 13, 14, 17.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>C-kit mutation is related closely with the incidence of recurrence and metastasis in GIST after surgery. The mutations of c-kit influences the therapeutic effects of imatinib.</p>

A clinicopathological study on 107 cases with gastrointestinal stromal tumors / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seven cases, admitted to our hospital from Apr. 1996 to Oct. 2005, were detected by Envision immunohistochemical method and diagnosed as GISTs. Their pathological features, immunohistochemical phenotypes, clinical manifestations and imaging findings were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 107 GISTs, 107 cases were positive for vimentin (107/107, 100%), 107 cases were positive for CD117 (107/107, 100%), 89 cases were positive for CD34 (89/107, 83.2%), 14 cases were positive for SMA (14/107, 13.1%), 10 cases were positive for desmin (10/107, 9.3%), 22 cases were positive for S-100 (22/87, 20.6%) and 15 cases were positive for NSE (15/107, 14.0%). Among all the GISTs, 73 cases occurred in stomach (68.2%), 28 in small intestine (26.2%), 1 in colon (0.9%) and 5 occurred in other position including mesentery, omentum, and retroperitoneum (4.7%). Fifteen cases were diagnosed as very low grade (14.0%), 25 cases as low grade (23.4%), 33 cases as low malignancy (30.8%) and 34 cases as high malignancy (31.8%). The follow-up was obtained successfully in 89 cases (83.2%). Fourteen cases (13.1%) were confirmed to have recurrences or metastases by review and medical records.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnosis of GIST depends on pathological observation and immunohistochemical study. CD117 is a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of GIST. Surgical resection is the choice for treating GIST. Extended resection, even combined resection of involved organs, is required for malignant GIST.</p>