RESUMO
Objective To investigate the prevalence and etiology of people with hearing disability in China and to provide evidence for development of related prevention and treatment strategies.Methods Using the statistics and inference from data of the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability.Results 27.80 million people were diagnosed with hearing disability,including 20.04 million with pure 72.08%)and the rate was 11.04% among the elderly(accounting for 73.57%).The prevalence of hearing disability was higher in males than in females as well as higher in the rural than in the urbans.Sufferers were mainly engaging in agriculture with poor education background.Among all the people with hearing disability,Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ was accounted for 73.42% but among the elderly,they were accounted for 79.13%.Grade Ⅰ andⅡwas accounted for 67.36% among children aged four to six and 83.90% in children aged below three.Speech disabilities were more than 70% in aged below six.The whole etiology contains presbyeusis,unknown causation and tympanitis with primary causes as heredity,pregnant virus infection,neonatal asphyxiation,drug-induced deafness,premature delivery and low birth avoirdupois,other than unknown deaf among the 0-6 year olds.However,the primary causation would include presbyeusis,tympanitis,sickness,noise/detonation and drug-induced deafness for the elderly.Conclusion Active prevention on presbycusis with emphasis on prevention and cure to rural population was important in reducing the venture of hearing disability.Related consultation on genetic factors was another measure to be taken to prevent hearing disability developed in the newborns.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the status of rehabilitation demands and services of persons with disability in Beijing and to provide evidence for rehabilitation establishment programmed by government and civil society.Methods Using both qualitative and descriptive methodologies to analyze the data of 4852 disabled persons who had been confirmed of requiring rehabilitation services in Beijing.Data was from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in conferring the demands for rehabilitation services.Results The consciousness and demand for rehabilitation was higher among urban disabled residents than those living in the rural areas.Demand on rehabilitation training from children was accounted for 75.23%.Rates of demand on assistant device and medieal service among the elderly were 57.05%,66.86% respectively.Primary rehabilitation format of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ appeared to be community-based and family service while grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ were institutional rehabilitation programs.Rates on needs regarding vision and limb accounted for 85.23% and 59.91% respectively.76.95% of the disability persons among intelligentsia needed community and family service.The rates on demand of medical treatment of mental,vision.limbs services were 92.80%,86.77% and 68.24% respectively while the demand for assistant device of hearing disability was 83.09%.Rates of demand on rehabilitative training from mental,diction and mind disabled were 84.36%.77.42%.62.82%.Other kinds of demand and services seemed relatively low other than medical treatment.Conclusion The gap between demand and salvation on rehabilitation was relatively great,suggesting the enhancement of disabled rehabilitation programs be strengthened to promote the build-up of a correct concept on rehabilitation among the disabled.Demands from the disabled persons should be extensively met.