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Objective To provide accurate bone tunnel positioning reference for clinical individual anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of femoral and tibial original footprint of ACL.Methods Forty volunteers were selected for this study,including 20 males and 20 females,and aged 18 to 35 years old.3D CT scanning images of knee data were obtained.3D bone models of knee and footprint of ACL were reconstructed.On the 3D reconstruction models,the shape and position of original footprint of ACL were displayed.Statistical significance was compared for their difference.Results Femoral original footprint of ACL,long axis of footprint,distances to the distal margin of the articular cartilage (DDCM),distances to the posterior margin of the articular cartilage (DPCM),double bundle center distance,and tibial original footprint short axis of ACL were significantly different between genders (P ＜ 0.05).However,no significant difference was found between genders for tibial original footprint long axis of ACL (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The insertion mark shape and nature position of footprint of ACL could be observed by 3D reconstruction using CT scan images.
RESUMO
Objective:To prepare the cyclosporin A(CsA) polylactic acid microspheres using solvent evaporation method from an oil-in-water system.Methods:Orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the method of CsA polylactic acid microspheres preparation.The microspheres were characterized for drug loading and entrapment efficiency by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),average size by particle size analyser and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In vitro the release kinetics were studied using a modified dialysis method.Results:SEM studies showed discrete and spherical particles with smooth surfaces.The average particle size was 18.234 ?m,with more than 80% of the microspheres falling in the range of 9.525-32.400 ?m.The drug loadings ranging was(34.51?0.63)% with a high encapsulation efficiency(86.12?0.77)% determined by HPLC.In vitro release study revealed a profile of sustained release of CsA from CsA-PLA-MS.The accumulated release percentage of CsA microspheres were 40.8% in 30 d.CsA release profiles show CsA release could be divided by two different phases,fast release within the first few days and the subsequent sustained release.Conclusion:CsA polylactic acid microspheres have been successfully prepared and sustained release of CsA from microspheres have been achieved.