The treatment proposal for the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area of 2019 coronavirus disease / 中华外科杂志

Currently, the epidemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ongoing. The characteristics including high contagiousness, herd susceptibility and clinical phenotype diversity, made a serious influence on people’s daily life and rountine therapy for other diseases. Breast dieases are clinical common diseases. In the central epidemic area of COVID-19, Hubei province, especially Wuhan, the clinical specialists of breast diseases should consider all of the following factors comprehensively: the prevention of COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases and the accessibility of medical resources. Besides, we should select the appropriate therapy and optimize treatment process so as to prevent the propagation and cross infection of COVID-19 as well as manage the breast diseases without delay. Therefore, we carried out some management proposals of the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area during the epidemic of COVID-19 on the basis of conventional treatment guidelines and clinical experiences. The suggestions and corrections from colleagues will be welcomed.

The treatment proposal for the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area of 2019 coronavirus disease / 中华外科杂志

Currently, the epidemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ongoing. The characteristics including high contagiousness, herd susceptibility and clinical phenotype diversity, made a serious influence on people’s daily life and rountine therapy for other diseases. Breast dieases are clinical common diseases. In the central epidemic area of COVID-19, Hubei province, especially Wuhan, the clinical specialists of breast diseases should consider all of the following factors comprehensively: the prevention of COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases and the accessibility of medical resources. Besides, we should select the appropriate therapy and optimize treatment process so as to prevent the propagation and cross infection of COVID-19 as well as manage the breast diseases without delay. Therefore, we carried out some management proposals of the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area during the epidemic of COVID-19 on the basis of conventional treatment guidelines and clinical experiences. The suggestions and corrections from colleagues will be welcomed.

Immunoregulatory effects of emodin on macrophages during Brucella infection / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To study the immunoregulatory effects of emodin on macrophages during Brucella infection and to provide theoretical and experimental basis for developing new drugs to treat brucello-sis. Methods Bone marrow cells were isolated from BALB/c mice and cultured with MG-CSF to induce differentiation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the differentiation of bone marrow cells into macrophages (MΦ) by using FITC-labeled mouse anti-F4/80 antibody and PE-labeled anti-CD11b antibody. MTT meth-od was used to detect the influences of various concentrations of emodin on the survival rate of MΦ. Doxy-cycline was used as the control to compare half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the two drugs. MΦ were cultured with Brucella at a ratio of 100 : 1 for 4 h. MΦ and Brucella were further cultured for 1, 6,12,24 and 48 h after adding emodin. Effects of emodin on the survival of MΦ were analyzed by colony counting method. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ in culture superna-tants. Results On day 8 of culturing,91.28% of bone marrow cells differentiated into macrophages. The IC50of emodin(608.4 μg/ml) was significantly higher than that of doxycycline(225.5 μg/ml). The logC-FU values of emodin stimulation groups (6,12,24 and 48 h) were significantly lower than those of blank control groups. Among all emodin stimulation groups, the 24 h group had the lowest logCFU value, which was also lower than that of the doxycycline treatment group. The levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IFN-γ in 6,12 and 24 h emodin stimulations group increased significantly as compared with those of the corresponding con-trol groups. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ peaked at 24 h of culturing Brucella-infected MΦ with emodin. No significant difference in IFN-γ level was found between the 12 and 24 h emodin stimulation groups [(74.233 ±4.416) pg/ml vs (78.328 ±8.932) pg/ml]. Conclusion Emodin may enhance the ability of macrophages to kill Brucella through promoting the expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and IFN-γ.

Cardiac electrophysiological effect of (S)-OTS·HCl, a derivative of Baogongteng A / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To study the electrophysiological effect of (S)-OTS·HCl on the heart. Methods · The conventional intracellular recording, electrocardiograph (ECG) and Langendorff cardiac perfusion technique were employed to investigate the effect of (S)-OTS·HCl on in-vivo and in-vitro hearts of guinea pigs and rabbits. Results · (S)-OTS·HCl could bind to M2 muscarinic receptors and dose-dependently prolong the RR intervals significantly in vivo. It had no effect on resting potential (RP), action potential amplitude (APA), and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 (Vmax) of ventricular myocytes. Instead, 1×10-5 mol/L (S)-OTS·HCl could shorten the action potential duration at 50 percent repolarization (APD50) and APD90 to 91.6% and 90.9%, respectively. And the spontaneous depolarization rate of phase 4 (SDR) of sinus nodes was reduced to its 13.7% when rabbit sinus nodes were exposed to 1×10-7 mol/L (S)-OTS·HCl. (S)-OTS·HCl could inhibit Ca2+channel effectively. It decreased APA and Vmax of sinus nodes and attenuated the cardiac contractility in vitro. Conclusion · (S)-OTS·HCl is a potent cholinergic agonist and has negative chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects on hearts via binding to M2 muscarinic receptors.

Effects of Living with Hope Program on family caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the effects of Living with Hope Program(LWHP) on family caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer.Methods Totally 60 family caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group received LWHP intervention and routine care knowledge education,the control group only received routine care knowledge education.Hope,self-efficacy,anxiety and depression,and quality of life were evaluated at the first week,the second week,the first month,and the third month.Differences between two groups were compared using variance analysis of repeated measurements.Results The self-evaluation of the intervention was 76.6％,and the main effects of hope level,selfefficacy,anxiety and depression,and mental health were statistically significant (P＜0.05);the time effect on hope level and self-efficacy were statistically significant (P＜0.05);there were interaction effects between intervention and time on hope level,self-efficacy,anxiety and depression,and mental health (P＜0.05).Conclusion LWHP can effectively improve hope level,self-efficacy and mental health status,and alleviate anxiety and depression of family caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer.

Role of nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptor in pain modulation / 国际药学研究杂志

Pain is not only a common syndrome in clinic,but also a disease harming people′s health and quality of life. Dis?covery of potent and low-or non-addictive analgesic agent is a great challenge and our expectation. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid pep?tide (NOP)receptor,the fourth member of the opioid receptor family,was discovered in 1994. Growing evidence has revealed that NOP receptor plays an important role in pain transduction and modulation and becomes a potential target for novel analgesics develop?ment. This review focuses on the progresses in exploring the biological characteristics of NOP receptor and its complex role in pain modulation,as well as the discovery of novel analgesic agents targeting NOP receptor,which provides reference for understanding the mechanisms of pain and analgesia and finding ideal analgesics.

Mechanism of Coix seed injection enhances the radiosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell Bel-7402 / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Coix seed injection on the cell viability and radiosensitivity of human hepatoma cell line Bel-7402.Methods Bel-7402 cells were irradiated by X-rays,or treated with Coix seed injection,or treated with both of them.The cells proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and by flow cytometry respectively.Cell cloning was used to observe the number of viable cells and to draw the cell survival curve.The mRNA and protein level of Bax,Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.Results It was found that the Coix seed injection group (12 μmol/L) and X-ray group (8 Gy) had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (t =17.03,11.26,P ＜ 0.05).And compared with Coix group and irradiation group,the combined treatment group showed higher inhibition rate (t =24.80,20.19,P ＜0.05).The mRNA and protein levels of Bax were gradually elevated (F =437.92,67.91,P ＜ 0.05),while the expressions of Bcl-2 reflected a decreased trend (F =31.18,48.50,P ＜ 0.05).The D0 values of pure irradiation group and combined treatment group were 4.27 and 3.34,respectively,and the sensitization enhancement ratio was 1.27.Conclusions The Coix seed injection inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis,as well as increase radiative sensitization may via the apoptosis related factors Bax and Bcl-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Surgical site infection and risk factors of neurosurgical patients / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection(SSI)in neurosurgical patients in a tertiary first-class hospital,and provide reference for the prevention and control of SSI.Methods 47 neurological patients with SSI (49 patients developed SSI,2 were excluded from study due to the lack of appropriate control subject)from December 31 ,2011 to December 31 ,2012 were as infected group,and 94 patients without SSI (1 ∶2 matching)were as non-infected group,risk factors for SSI were analyzed retrospectively.Results There was no significant difference in general condition of two groups of patients (all P >0.05 );among 3 708 patients,49 (1 .32%)developed SSI;intracranial infection was the main type of SSI (89.80%);27 patients were performed ce-rebrospinal fluid (CSF)bacteriological detection,6 (22.22%)of whom were positive for CSF bacteriological detec-tion.Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for SSI in neurosurgical patients were operational risk assessment score (OR =2.04),frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(OR =3.15 ),fre-quency of intraoperative antimicrobial use(OR=2.58),duration of operation(OR=2.70),surgical blood loss(OR=1 .72),indwelling drainage tube(OR=4.30),duration of indwelling drainage tube after operation(OR=2.06),and time for initial dressing change(OR=1 .66);Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the in-dependent risk factors for SSI were frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(P =0.03,OR =4.86),duration of operation(P =0.05,OR = 2.89 ),and time for initial dressing change after operation (P = 0.01 ,OR = 1 .92 ). Conclusion Risk factors for SSI in department of neurosurgery are multiple,duration of operation,duration of in-dwelling drainage tube after operation,and time for initial dressing change after operation are major risk factors.

The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with Hashimoto's thyroiditis / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).MethodsThis retrospective study used data from Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine during November 2012 to December 2013. A total of 111 small thyroid nodules (75 PTMC/36 benign nodules) with 107 HT cases which were pathologically conifrmed were included in this study. The sonographic characteristics of nodules were investigated, including nodule aspect ratio, shape, border, margin, acoustic halo, internal structure, echo level, microcalciifcations, rear acoustic attenuation, vascular pattern and extent of the blood supply and the types of thyroid tissue echogenicity. Chi-square test and Fisher′s exact probability method was used to compare the differences of the sonographic characteristics between the benign nodules and malignant nodules. With surgical pathology as the gold standard, computing the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of PTMC with HT, including the sensitivity, speciifcity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.ResultsA total of 111 thyroid tiny nodules (75 PTMC/36 benign nodules) with 107 HT cases which were pathologically conifrmed were included in this study. The results showed 111 small thyroid nodules as solid hypoechoic. Four indexes between PTMC and benign nodules had statistical signiifcance, such as margin, microcalciifcations, vascular pattern and extent of the blood supply. The other six indexes between PTMC and benign nodules had no statistical significance, such as aspect ratio, shape, border, acoustic halo, rear acoustic attenuation and the types of thyroid tissue echogenicity. Ultrasound diagnostic accuracy of small tyroid nodules in patients with HT was 74.77% (83/111). The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the ultrasound diagnosis of PTMC were 93.33% (70/75), 36.11% (13/36), 74.77% (83/111), 75.27% (70/93), and 72.22% (13/18), respectively.ConclusionsCompared with general population, some classic ultrasound features became less effective in patients with HT. However, ultrasonography has some differential diagnostic value in these cases.

Effect of acute hemorrhage on cognitive function of aged spontaneously hypertensive rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of acute blood loss on postoperative cognitive function of aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty aged male SHRs were randomized into sham hemorrhage group (group A, n=13), 20% hemorrhage group (group B, n=13) and 40% hemorrhage group (group C, n=14). The rats were subjected to acute loss from the femoral artery and subsequent fluid replacement with lactated Ringer's Solution (3 folds of the blood loss volume). All the rats underwent Morris water maze test to assess the visuospatial memory and learning ability, and were then decapitated to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The latency of reference memory in group C was significantly prolonged after the operation (P=0.002), but the working memory and learning capacity showed no significant differences between the 3 groups. Immunochemistry did not reveal significant differences in p-CREB expressions in the hippocampal CA1 region among the groups, but volume reduction of some neurons was noted in the CA1 region in group C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Varying degrees of acute hemorrhage can result in different effect on postoperative cognition in aged SHR. Acute hemodilutional anemia to 40% of baseline can cause reference memory impairment with cell volume reduction of the neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region but does not affect the working memory and learning capacity or p-CREB expression.</p>