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Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian province,2005-2017.Methods All the reported mumps cases were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Information Management System,2005-2017.Active search and interviews were conducted to collect the information on vaccination of mumps.Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture,genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus (MuV).Results A total of 83 959 cases of mumps were reported in Fujian province from 2005 to 2017,with an average annual incidence of 17.6 per 100 000.Since 2007,the incidence appeared increasing but then decreasing,reaching the lowest level (7.5 per 100 000),after the setup of a monitoring program.Annually,the onset time of mumps showed an obvious two seasonal peaks,one from April to July,with a weakening trend,and the other from October to January with a rising trend.Most of the mumps cases occurred among students,kindergarten and scattered children (89.2％,5 814/6 517),children aged 5-9 years (38.8％,2 527/6 517),with cases reported from every region.Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of G genotype mumps virus did exist in Fujian.Data from the sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the nucleotide of G genotype strain in 2015 had led to mutation of 6 amino acid sites in the SH gene coding region,resulting in the differences appearing in both nucleotide and amino acid homology with type A vaccine strain.Conclusions The incidence of mumps decreased annually,in Fujian.Prevention programs should focus on primary and secondary school students.In Fujian province,we also noticed the transmission chain of mumps G genotype with some amino acid mutations in the SH gene coding region.Monitor programs on both epidemiologic and etiology,should be strengthened.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian province,2005-2017.Methods All the reported mumps cases were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Information Management System,2005-2017.Active search and interviews were conducted to collect the information on vaccination of mumps.Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture,genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus (MuV).Results A total of 83 959 cases of mumps were reported in Fujian province from 2005 to 2017,with an average annual incidence of 17.6 per 100 000.Since 2007,the incidence appeared increasing but then decreasing,reaching the lowest level (7.5 per 100 000),after the setup of a monitoring program.Annually,the onset time of mumps showed an obvious two seasonal peaks,one from April to July,with a weakening trend,and the other from October to January with a rising trend.Most of the mumps cases occurred among students,kindergarten and scattered children (89.2％,5 814/6 517),children aged 5-9 years (38.8％,2 527/6 517),with cases reported from every region.Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of G genotype mumps virus did exist in Fujian.Data from the sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the nucleotide of G genotype strain in 2015 had led to mutation of 6 amino acid sites in the SH gene coding region,resulting in the differences appearing in both nucleotide and amino acid homology with type A vaccine strain.Conclusions The incidence of mumps decreased annually,in Fujian.Prevention programs should focus on primary and secondary school students.In Fujian province,we also noticed the transmission chain of mumps G genotype with some amino acid mutations in the SH gene coding region.Monitor programs on both epidemiologic and etiology,should be strengthened.
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BACKGROUND:It is convenient to fabricate porcelain veeners using chairside computer aided design/computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) system. However, the color of the restorations is not ideal when the veener is cemented immediately, so different surface treatments are needed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of different surface treatments on the color of chairside porcelain veneers made of CEREC Blocs and the color match between the porcelain veneers and teeth. METHODS:Five fresh extracted maxillary central incisors were selected and prepared. Twenty-five 0.6 mm porcelain veneer specimens were fabricated with Sirona CEREC Blocs by chairside CAD/CAM system, and then randomized into five groups. Untreated specimens served as control group. The other four groups were treated respectively by polishing, glazing, glazing after polishing or staining. The color parameters of specimens and the teeth were measured with ShadeEye NCC on the middle 1/3 region of labial surfaces, and color differences (ΔE) between the specimens and teeth were calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the L* value of the glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly decreased (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the ΔE values of glazing, glazing after polishing and staining groups were significantly decreased (P0.05). These results suggest that the chairside porcelain veneers made of CEREC Blocs can obtain satisfactory aesthetic appearance by glazing and staining.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of applying nanotechnology against M.tuberculosis growth.Methods Chitosan-antisense ODN nanoparticles were prepared by complex coacervation method.Varied amount of ODNs and chitosanODN nanoparticles were added to the cultures and the growth of the bacilli was monitored.Results The nanoparticles were composed of(35.6±0.9)% ODN and(64.4±0.9)% chitosan.Compared to the free ODN,antisense nanopartilces were more effective in inhibiting the proliferation of M.tuberculosis.Antisense nanoparticles decreased growth by(2.8±0.1)CFU/ml at concentration of 4/μmol/L.Conclusion Chitosan-ODN nanoparticles were more effective in inhibiting the growth of M.tuberculosis than free ODN.
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To compare the luminescent characters in different bacteria of two different recombinant mycobaceriaphages by using biolimenescent methods in order to understand the differences between sensitivity and specificity of these phages, and to set up methods to use recombinant mycobacteriaphages in detecting drug suscepbility of mycobacteria. Result showed that both two phages have high light production in action with mycobacterium selectively and have almost no light production with E. coli , the difference is very obvious. Among different mycobacterium, BCG has the highest light production and mycobacterium tuberculosis has the lowest light production. The sensitivity of Phage 88 is higher than Phage 40, the difference is obviously. It can be considered that both recombinant mycobacteriaphages can detect mycobacterium specifically, but Phage 88 is more suitable for clinical usage.