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With the further increase of the global cancer burden, various cancers are increasingly challenging human health status and quality of life. Thus, early screening of cancer is crucial. Urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection techniques have the advantages of easy access to samples, high acceptance of patients, non-invasive, and so on, which have been favored and concerned by researchers. In this paper, existing techniques and methods for cancer diagnosis based on urine VOCs were described, relevant studies on the use of urine VOCs for cancer diagnosis were reviewed, and the barriers and future perspectives of the technique were discussed. This paper can be a reference for researchers working in the direction of urinary VOCs detection, a multidisciplinary field that spans medicine and materials science.
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Objective To study the significance of Th17 cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and iron overload.Methods A total of 77 patients with MDS admitted to Guangzhou First People's Hospital were enrolled from January 2017 to December 2018,who were divided into iron overload group (37 cases) with serum ferritin (SF) over 1000 μg/L and non-ferrous overload group(40 cases).CD4+T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) were sorted by flow cytometry.The ratio of Th17 cells and cells with abnormal karyotype were compared.IL-17 and IL-6 protein and RNA expression were detected by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Results The proportions of Th17 cells in PB and BM in iron overload group were significantly higher than those in non-iron overload group [(41.06± 0.96)％ vs.(26.80± 1.21)％;(47.39± 1.60)％ vs.(34.29± 1.03)％;P＜0.01].The Th17 positive cells with abnormal karyotype in iron overload group were more than those in non-iron overload group[(4.96±0.53)％ vs.(3.67±0.12)％ in PB;(10.06±1.67)％ vs.(4.36±0.43)％ in BM;P＜0.01].Similarly,the protein levels as well as mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-17 in patients with iron overload were significantly higher than those in non-iron overload group (P＜0.01 both in PB and BM).Conclusions As hematopoietic regulators secreted by Th17 cells,the expression of IL-6 and IL-17 in MDS patients with iron overload are elevated.This may predict the influence of these factors to the differentiation of Th 17 cells.
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Objective To establish a mice model of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that was treated with adoptive immunity of Th17 cells cultured in vitro,and to analyze the relationship between IL-17 and MHC Ⅱ expression and their relation with tumor growth.Methods The CD4+CD62L+ T cells purified by MACS were stimulated under cytokine conditions including anti-CD3,anti-CD28,TGF-β and IL-6 in vitro,and SUDHL-4 cells were cultured and inoculated the SCID mice to establish DLBCL mice models.The mice were divided into Th17 cells immunity group (30 mice) and control group (20 mice).Th17 cells were injected to mice to get the adoptive immunity in immunity group,and 0.9 ％ NaCl in control group.The half mice were terminated at median disease onset time and median survival time,respectively.ELISA was used to detect IL-17 expression,and immunohistochemistry was applied to detect MHC Ⅱ expression in the tumor tissues.Results The median disease onset time of DLBCL mice model was 8 d,and median survival time was 28 d.The IL-17 and MHC Ⅱ expression levels in Th17 cells immunity group [(11.93±0.56) pg/ml,(69.13t0.36) ％] were higher than those in control group [(9.82±0.26) pg/ml,(42.59±0.12) ％] (both P＜ 0.000 1).Along with the progress of DLBCL,IL-17 and MHC Ⅱ expression levels were decreased [(9.53±0.18) pg/ml,(54.63±0.45) ％,both P ＜ 0.000 1].There was a significantly positive correlation between IL-17 and MHC Ⅱ (r=0.89,P=0.000).Conclusions The expression level of MHC Ⅱ can be used as a factor to judge the disease situation of DLBCL,and combination detection of the expression of both IL-17 and MHC Ⅱ will provide more reference values for judgment of the disease situation and the progress of DLBCL.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in peripher-al blood and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Method From Mar 2010 to Mar 2015, patients with pancreatic cancer in guangzhou first people′s hospital were enrolled in this study. Immunomagetic negative en-richhment together with immunofluorescence were used to identify CTCs. The clinical data of all patients were analyzed. Result No CTCs were found in peripheral blood of healthy control cases. The detection date of CTCs was 60.0%. The positive rate of CTCs was closely correlated with cell differentiation and the clinical stage. Con clusion CTCs count in old patients with pancreatic cancer can reflect the status of the patients and is help-ful for the diagnosis of micrometastasis , re-determination of the clinical stage and the guidance of patients′s treatment. CTCs count can predict the survival time of elderly patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Objective To explore the applied value of urine light chainκ、λand κ/λ ratio test in older people with B cell malignant proliferative disease.Methods Young volunteers, general older patients, kidney failure older patients and older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease were selected and immunoephe-lometry method was applied to detect the level of urine light chainκ、λ and κ/λ ratio.Result The average levels (mg/L)of urine light chain κand λin older patients with kidney failure group(172.00 ±188.10,111.50 ± 109.32)were higher than that in general older patients group(32.72 ±33.60,15.02 ±15.58).In each of the ol-der patients groups,the levels of urine light chainκandλwere higher than that in young volunteers groups(9.30 ±5.80,4.97 ±2.61).The κ/λ ratios of urine light chain in older patients with kidney failure group(1.59 ± 0.4),general older patients group(2.19 ±0.54)and young volunteers group(1.92 ±0.48)were consistent,how-ever,it was significantly abnormal in older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease group,the ratio was high inκtype(44.8 ±83.17)and low inλtype(0.06 ±0.08).After effective treatment, κ/λ ratio of urine light chain in older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease tended to normal.Conclusion The level of u-rine light chainκandλis effected by renal function,but not involved the κ/λ ratio.B cell malignant proliferative disease significantly affects theκ/λratio of urine light chain.Constantly monitoring the change ofκ/λratio of u-rine light chain in older peoples with B cell malignant proliferative disease can reflect the proliferative degree of malignant B cell in vivo.
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Objective To detect the expressions of c-myc,Bmi-1,serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL),and to analyze their relations with clinical stages,efficacy and prognosis.Methods 102 cases of incipient patients with DLBCL and 60 patients or health examination volunteers were chosen as DLBCL group and control group,respectively.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect expressions of c-myc and Bmi-1 in DLBCL wax samples.Chemiluminescence immunoassay method was used to determine the levels of serum IGF-Ⅰ and serum IGFBP-3.The expression differences of these factors between DLBCL group and control group and their relations with pathological types,clinical stage,IPI and chemotherapy were analyzed.Results The positive rates of c-myc and Bmi-1 were 71.6 ％ (73/102) and 61.8 ％(64/102) in the tissues of DLBCL,respectively.The positive rates of c-myc and Bmi-1 in non-GCB group were higher than those in GCB group [c-myc:80.0 ％ (48/60) vs 59.5 ％ (25/42);Bmi-1:71.7 ％ (43/60) vs 50.0 ％ (21/42)].With the increase of IPI score,the expressions of c-myc and Bmi-1 were enhanced,but there were no statistical differences between Ⅲ-Ⅳ group and Ⅰ-Ⅱ group (P ＞ 0.01).The differences of 3-year progression free survival (PFS) rate and 3-year overall survival (OS) rate between c-myc gene or Bmi-1 gene normal and abnormal had statistical significance,and 3-year PFS rate and 3-year OS rate of double-hit of c-myc gene and Bmi-1 were lower.C-myc gene and Bmi-1 gene aberrant were the independent prognosis factors.The levels of serum IGF-Ⅰ and serum IGFBP-3 in DLBCL group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01),however,the levels were increased after chemotherapy (P ＜ 0.01).Serum IGF-Ⅰ and serum IGFBP-3 levels had no significant differences between non-GCB group and GCB group (P ＞ 0.01).Their levels in stage Ⅳ group or high risk group were significantly lower than those in other groups.Serum IGF-Ⅰ level and serum IGFBP-3 level had no significant differences between the c-myc gene or Bmi-1 gene abnormal group and normal group (P ＞ 0.01),but their levels were lower in both c-myc gene and Bmi-1 gene abnormal group than those in normal group.Conclusions C-myc and Bmi-1 are related with the biological characteristics and prognosis of DLBCL.Serum IGF-Ⅰ level and serum IGFBP-3 level reflect clinical stages of DLBCL and the efficacy in a certain degree.The expressions of c-myc and Bmi-1 have some correlation with the levels of serum IGF-Ⅰ and IGFBP-3 in DLBCL.
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Objective To explore the impact of rituximab on Th17 cells and related cytokines in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in vitro and its significance.Methods 20 cases of DLBCL untreated patients and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in the name of DLBCL group and health control group, respectively.4 peripheral blood samples were collected from every case to separate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were assigned to 4 subgroups according to different culture conditions: blank subgroup(subgroup A), rituximab subgroup (subgroup B), rituximab and serum subgroup (subgroup C) and polarization subgroup (subgroup D) (added IL-6 and TGF-β).After cultured in vitro, the percentage of Th17 cells in each subgroup was tested by flow cytometry, and the cytokine IL-17 in the abovementioned culture fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In health control group, the percentage of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17 in subgroup D [(17.12 ± 4.90) ％ and (45.735±10.012) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in subgroup A, B, C (P ＜ 0.05), and there was no difference in each other subgroup A, B, C (P ＞ 0.05).The percentage of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17 in the DLBCL subgroup A were significantly lower than those in health control subgroup A [(0.69±0.24) ％ and (6.012±1.312) pg/ml vs (2.43±0.61) ％ and (8.217±1.681) pg/ml (P ＜ 0.05)].In DLBCL group, after cultured with rituximab, the percentages of Th17 cells in subgroup B, C, D were (2.34±0.48) ％, (2.31±0.53) ％ and (16.92±4.81) ％, and the levels of IL-17 were (7.944±1.538) pg/ml, (7.957±1.533) pg/ml and (44.417±9.881) pg/ml, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those in subgroup A.Besides, the percentage of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17 in DLBCL subgroup D were significantly higher than those in subgroup B, C (P ＜ 0.05), while there was no difference between subgroup B and subgroup C.Conclusion Experiments in vitro confirmed that the percentage of Th17 cells in PBMCs of DLBCL patients was lower than that in healthy persons, and rituximab could elevate the percentage of Th17 cells in PBMCs of DLBCL patients.
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Objective To study the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of bortezomib in primary acute leukemia cells from elderly patients.Methods Primary acute leukemia cells were treated with bortezomib 50-5000 nmol/L for 24-48 h,cell proliferation was analysed by MTT assay; apoptosis of primary acute leukemia cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry; protein expression of bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot.Results The cell viability was 90 ％ and 70 ％ when leukemia cells were treated with 50 and 5000 nmol/L bortezomib for 24 h,respectively.Meanwhile,cells showed (10.2±2.3) ％ and (13.3±3.3) ％ apoptosis.With prolonged treatment for 48 h,cell viability decreased to 86 ％ and 60 ％,respectively,while the apoptosis rates were increased to(18.4±3.9) ％ and(20.7±3.7) ％.Compared to the control group 0 nmol/L bortezomib,the differences were statistically significant (F =53.76,F =7.74,F =54.49,F =16.94,all P values ＜ 0.05).With the increase of bortezomib concentration,the bcl-2 protein expression was decreased,while Bax was up-regulated.Conclusion Bortezomib can inhibit primary leukemia cells from elderly patients proliferation and induce apoptosis.The mechanism may be associated with the changes in bcl-2 family protein expression.
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Objective To explore the content of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in different clinical stages and analyze their clinical significance.Methods Sixty-two DLBCL patients were divided into 3 groups according to clinical stages:stage Ⅱ group (21 cases),stage Ⅲ group (21 cases ),stage Ⅳ group (20 cases).Thirty healthy examiners were selected as control group.Two ml peripheral blood was taken from every person.Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+) and NK cell count were detected by flow cytometry(FCM) and CD4+/CD8+ was calculated.Results CD3+ in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups[(854.6 ± 276.9 ) × 106/L,(823.3 ± 211.5)× 106/L] were lower than those in control group[(1268.8 ±684.0) × 106/L] and stage Ⅳ group [(1332.7 ±571.2) × 106/L](P ＜ 0.05).CD4+ in stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups [(433.5 ± 240.7) × 106/L,(423.8 ± 234.8) ×106/L,(423.0 ± 143.8 ) × 106/L] were lower than those in control group [(751.3 ± 367.4) × 106/L] (P ＜0.05).CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in stageⅣ group [(861.2 ±634.1) × 106/L,0.5 ±0.3] were significantly higher than those in control group [(455.9 ± 334.6) × 106/L,2.1 ± 1.3],stage Ⅱ group [(390.6 ± 54.1 ) × 106/L,1.0 ±0.8] and stageⅢ group [(377.4 ±493) × 106/L,0.9 + 0.6](P＜0.05).NK cell in stage Ⅳgroup was obviously lower than that in control group[(210.3 ± 122.0) × 106/L vs.(353.3 ± 284.7) × 106/L,P＜ 0.05].And the higher clinical stage was,the lower NK cell was.Conclusions With the clinical stage increasing,the immunity depression and disorder of DLBCL patients become more and more serious,the more tumor burden is,the worse NK cell activity is.
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Objective To understand the changes of Th17 cells and related cytokines in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab and its significances.Methods Patients were assigned to 4 groups,there were 20 cases in the control group,31 cases in the initial treatment group,31 cases in CHOP group and 25 cases in RCHOP group.The percentage of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of each group was tested by flow cytometry,the related cytokines IL-17,IL-21,IL-23,TGF-β in the peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The percentage of Th17 cells and the levels of IL-17,IL-21,IL-23 in the initial treatment group [(0.67±0.21) ％,(5.929±1.342) pg/ml,(130.632±17.945)pg/ml,(51.681±9.808) pg/ml] and the CHOP-CR group [(1.07±0.37) ％,(6.526±0.538) pg/ml,(132.119±7.700)pg/ml,(50.245±7.668) pg/ml] were both significantly lower than those in the control group[(2.53±0.63) ％,(8.435±2.031) pg/ml,(149.265±12.316) pg/ml,(55.303±7.778) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).The level of TGF-β in the initial treatment group [(370.615±98.444) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(311.895±73.365) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of Th17 cells and the levels of IL-17,IL-21,IL-23 in the RCHOP-CR group [(2.38±0.59) ％,(7.724±0.780) pg/ml,(148.412±7.355) pg/ml,(55.668±7.532) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in the initial treatment group [(0.67±0.21) ％,(5.929±1.342) pg/ml,(130.632±17.945) pg/ml,(51.681±9.808) pg/ml] and the CHOP-CR group [(1.07±0.37) ％,(6.526±0.538) pg/ml,(132.119±7.700) pg/ml,(50.245±7.668) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).The level of TGF-β in the RCHOP-CR group[(283.904±59.223) pg/ml] was significantly lower than that in the CHOP-CR group [(341.481±95.597) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Th17 cells might be negatively correlated with the DLBCL development,the reduced IL-23 and elevated TGF-β might suppress the differentiation of Th17 cells.Rituximab could elevate the percentage of Th17 cells in DLBCL patients,and it is related with the effect of chemotherapy.
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ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the international prognosis indexes(IPT) and the cell-mediated immunity condition in DLBCL patients. Methods52 DLBCL patients were divided into 4 groups and the FCM was used to examine the T lymphocyte subsets,including CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、NK cells.T lymphocyte subsets absolute value and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were examined. Correlation with IPI were compared among groups.ResultsCD3+ cells in high risk group [(1570.9±370.5)/μl]were higher than other IPI groups;CD4+ cells in DLBCL groups were all lower than normal group(751.3±367.4)/μl]; CD8+ cells in high risk group [(1055.9±523.8)/μl] were higher than other groups; CD4+/CD8+ ratio in middle-high risk group and high risk group (1.0±0.2、0.7±1.0)were lower than other IPI groups and normal group;NK cells in middle-high risk group and high risk group were lower than the normal group[(199.5±68.4)/μl、(171.9±126.9)/μl];Age,clinical stage,body state had correlated with the CD3+ 、CD8+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the DLBCL patients' peripheralblood T lymphosyte subsets. ConclusionsThe immunity condition in DLBCL patients has correlated with IPI; With increasing IPI value,the immunity depression and disorder become more serious,NK cells function become worse,and the prognosis is bad too.
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Objective To evaluate argon-helium cryoablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma by comparing the changes of AFP level and T cell immunity after the therapy with that obtained after the treatment of argon-helium cryoablation alone and with that obtained after the treatment of TACE alone. Methods (1) Ninety-nine patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n=30), treated with argon-helium cryoablation; group B (n=34), treated with TACE; and group C (n=35), treated with argon-helium cryoablation together with TACE. The patients' gender, age and pathology of three groups were comparable with each other. (2) The peripheral blood T cell immunity and AFP level both before and after the treatment were determined and the results were statistically compared. Results After the treatment the AFP level in all 3 groups was significantly reduced when compared to that determined before the treatment (P < 0.05). And the difference in the decrease of AFP level between group C and A, also between group C and B, was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After the treatment the T cell immunity, including Th, TS and Th / TS, in all 3 groups was significantly different from that determined before the treatment (P < 0.01), and significant difference also existed between group C and A and between group C and B (P < 0.01). Conclusion The statistic analysis of AFP and T cell immunity, which are regarded as the index of therapeutic efficacy, indicates that argon-helium cryoablation combined with TACE is superior to simple argon-helium cryoablation and also to simple TACE in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Objective To discuss the early impact of cryosurgery ablation on the function of T cellular immunity in tumor-bearing rabbits through observing the changes of T cell subsets after cryosurgery procedure in experimental rabbits.Methods ① Thirty tumor-bearing rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups:group A,receiving cryosurgical treatment;group B,receiving surgical resection;and group C,used as control group.②Both the preoperative and the postoperative peripheral blood T cell subsets were determine in all experimental rabbits of three groups,the results were compared and statistically analyzed.Results After the procedure,CD8 was significantly decreased in all three groups(P
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Cryosurgery has already become one of the main means to treat advanced malignancies.Not only can the cryosurgery kill the tumor cells directly, it can make the human body to activate T cellular immunity as well.The purpose of this article is to summarize the achievements in the research related to the influence of cryosurgery on T cellular immunity in patients with malignancies and also to make a prospect of cryosurgery therapy in near future.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the application of anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) based nonmyeloablative but profoundly immunosuppressive regimens followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The protocol was designed to minimize the intensity of the conditioning regimen to the range of nonmyeloablative therapies based on ATG with low-dose busulfan (Bu) and Cytoxan (CTX) (15 - 19.5 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The patients received the first lymphocytic infusion from HLA-identical sibling donors on days 28 - 30 after transplant, and the first T cell dosage of 10(6)/kg followed by the escalated dosage in the range of (0.5 - 1.5) x 10(8)/kg. The total number of procedures were performed at a median of 4.2 procedures (range of 2 - 8 procedures).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Engraftment was documented in all six patients in the form of donor-recipient hematopoietic cells mixed chimera at early-stage posttransplant, which was converted gradually into complete chimera by DLI in four patients. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed in three of six cases, only one of which was severe. To date, four patients are disease free and alive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Allogeneic donor stem cell engraftment into host can be achieved by nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen based on ATG. Transient mixed donor-recipient hematopoietic cell mixed with chimeras may be successfully converted into complete chimerism by DLI posttransplant. GVHD remains major clinical concern in our study.</p>
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Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soro Antilinfocitário , Usos Terapêuticos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Terapêutica , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Transfusão de Linfócitos , Linfócitos T , Alergia e Imunologia , Quimeras de Transplante , Condicionamento Pré-TransplanteRESUMO
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and side-effects of antithymocyte globulin(ATG) and antilymphocyte globulin(ALG) in nonmyeloablative stem cell on transplantation complication.Methods Fourteen cases of hematologic malignancies and 11 cases of sever aplastic anemia(SAA) were treated with allogenic bone marrow transplantation or cord blood haemopoietic stem cell transplantation based on ATG/ALG.Five patients with malignant hematonosis were received donor lymphocyte infusion(DLI) after transplantation.The protocols for graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of Cyclosporin A(CSA) and methotrexate(MTX) for malignant hematonosis patients or CSA and methylprednisolone(MP) for patients with SAA.Results Three patients had not evidence of engraftment and died from infection at early stage.Other patients recovered haematopoiesis.The mean time of ANC more than 0.5?10~9/L and Plt more than 20?10~9/L were 12.1(3～29) and 20.1(5～79) days posttransplant respectively.Three patients achieved donor complete chimera(CC).Five malignant patients with transient mixed chimerism(MC) grdually converted into complete chimerism by DLI post transplant.Nineteen patients achieved MC and four of them coverted into donor haematopoietic cell complete chimerism.There was no aGVHD in early stage post transplant.There were 1 patient with Ⅰgrade aGVHD,3 with Ⅱgrade aGVHD,2 with skin local cGVHD and 2 with extensive cGVHD after DLI,respectively.There were 2 patients with bacteria infection complications,4 with virous infection and 5 with fungal infection.All patients complicated with chills and fever in the use of ATG and ALG.Conclusion Treatment with ATG and ALG is safety and tolerant for the patients,and can enhance the engraftment of haemopoietic stem cell and decrease the aGVHD.