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Objective To prepare silymarin phospholipids complex（SM-PC） and investigate its physicochemical properties. Methods On the basis of single-factor tests, the drug-lipid ratio, drug concentration and reaction temperature were selected as the factors of the central composite design and response surface methodology in the preparation of SM-PC by solvent volatilization, and the best process was optimized with the compound rate as the index. And its in vitro dissolution was measured. Results The optimum preparation technology of SM-PC was as follows: acetone was used as compound solvent, the concentration of SM was 8.0 mg/ml, the mass ratio of SM to phospholipid was 1∶1.8, the reaction temperature was 56 ℃ and the recombination rate was（95.15±1.55）% with deviation of less than 3%. The in vitro dissolution test showed that the dissolution of SM-PC was close to 90% in 60 min. The dissolution behavior of main component of silybin was similar to that of silymarin capsules（Legalon ®）, which was higher than SM-API. Conclusion SM-PC was successfully prepared by central composite design response surface method, which significantly improved the dissolution and laid a foundation for the study of subsequent preparations.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Quyu Jiedu Formula （祛瘀解毒方） in the treatment of endometriosis in terms of iron autophagy mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4/nuclear factor κB （NCOA4/NF-κB） signalling pathway. MethodsFifty female SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group， model group， mifepristone group， low- and high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group， with 10 rats in each group. In the sham surgery group， only operation of opening and closing abdomen was performed， and in the remaining groups， the rat with endometriosis was modelled by autotransplantation. On the next day after successful modelling， saline 2 ml/d was given by gavage to the sham surgery group and the model group； mifepristone 1.05 mg/（kg·d） was given by gavage to the mifepristone group； Quyu Jiedu Formula 12.23 g/（kg·d） and 48.92 g/（kg·d） were given to the low- and high-dosage Quyu Jiedu Formula groups， respectively administered for 4 weeks consecutively. In the remaining 4 groups， all ectopic endometrial tissues were removed from the rats. The volume of ectopic lesions was measured in the model group， the mifepristone group， and the low- and high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula groups， and the pathological changes of endometrial/ectopic tissues were observed by HE staining， and the protein expression and expression of NCOA4， Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 （FTH1）， Panax quinquefolium （P62）， Microtubule-associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3β （LC3B）， and P-NF-κB protein expression and NCOA4， FTH1， LC3B， P62 mRNA expression were detected in the endometrium and ectopic tissues； the co-localisation of NCOA4 and LC3B， free iron content， and levels of interleukin 6 （IL-6） and tumour necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in endometrial/eutopic endometrial tissues were also detected. ResultsNo ectopic lesions were seen in the sham surgery group. The ectopic tissues of rats in the model group showed obvious pathological damage， while the pathological damage of the ectopic tissues of rats in each admi-nistration group was reduced to different degrees. Compared with the model group， the volume of ectopic lesions was reduced in the mifepristone group and the high- and low-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula groups， and the volume of ectopic lesions in the high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group and the mifepristone group was significantly smaller than that in the low-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group （P＜0.01）. Compared with the sham surgery group， the ectopic tissues of the model group showed up-regulation of LC3BⅡ/LC3B I values， NCOA4， and P-NF-κB protein expression， down-regulation of P62 and FTH1 protein expression， increase in free iron content and IL-6 and TNF-α levels， and increase in the co-localisation positivity rate and co-localised cell density of NCOA4 and LC3B （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the ectopic endothelial tissue LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ values and the expression of NCOA4 and P-NF-κB proteins were down-regulated in the low- and high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group and mifepristone group， the colocalisation positivity rate of NCOA4 and LC3B significantly reduced， and the content of free iron and the level of IL-6 decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the mifepristone group， P62 more obvious up-regulated and TNF-α level reduced in the high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group （P＜0.05）. Compared with the low-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group， the free iron content of ectopic tissues and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α reduced in the high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group （P＜0.01）. ConclusionThe mechanism of endometriosis treatment by Quyu Jiedu Formula may be related to the inhibition of iron autophagy mediated by the NCOA4/NF-κB signalling pathway in endometriotic tissues， which improves endometrial inflammation.
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Objective To prepare a sustained-release membrane with longer adhesion time and dissolution time, and compare it with the commercially available oral ulcer membrane. Method Adhesion strength, adhesion time, swelling coefficient, dissolution time, etc. were used as the inspection indicators, and a combination of single factor inspection and analytic hierarchy process were used to screen the membrane -forming materials. The dispersion method of clotrimazole, ornidazole and borneol were investigated to prevent the drug from seed out. The method of combining orthogonal experiment and analytic hierarchy process were used to optimize the dosage of CMC-Na, PVA-1788 and glycerin; and the commercial products were compared. Results Through single-factor investigation and orthogonal experiment, the optimal ratio of excipients was selected as CMC-Na∶PVA-1788∶glycerol (3∶1∶0.08). The water-insoluble component clotrimazole, ornidazole and borneol were treated by precipitation in liquid with good effect. The best method was used to prepare the membrane. The adhesion strength was 102 g. The adhesion time was 55 min. The swelling coefficient was 1 939.52. The average dissolution time was 110 min. The appearance was white and the surface was free of bubbles, soft and elastic. The membrane forming time at 60 ℃ was 300 min and the demolding effect was better which could be completely peeled off with moderate thickness. Conclusion The oral ulcer membrane developed in this method has good appearance, comfortable use, strong adhesion, long adhesion time and dissolution time, and could stay on the ulcer surface for a long time to form physical isolation, and slowly release the drug during the dissolution process, which could play the role of long-term pain relief, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and promote healing effects on oral ulcers.
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Expanding antiviral therapy is currently the new trend for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B, and related research evidence should be studied and discussed. Reducing the threshold of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for initiating antiviral therapy is one of the most important changes during the expansion of antiviral therapy. Chronic hepatitis B patients with a low-level increase in ALT or a high normal level of ALT still have a higher risk of liver cancer and thus require further intervention. At present, nucleos(t)ide analogues show a certain clinical effect in some patients in terms of virological inhibition and improvement in fibrosis, while reducing ALT threshold places higher requirements for biochemical response after treatment. In addition, although the mechanism and definition of low-level viremia (LLV) after treatment remain unclear, further intervention of LLV is an important strategy for optimizing patient management in clinical practice. Switch to another potent nucleos(t)ide analogue may improve the virologic response rate of patients with LLV, and nucleos(t)ide analogues combined with interferon or other new targeted drugs will be an important research direction for the treatment of LLV in the future.
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Objectives:To investigate the prevalence,clinical characteristics and risk factors of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)in patients with pulmonary hypertension(PH). Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 30,2022 to January 6,2023 through the WeChat official account of the PH Patients Mutual Aid Organization.PH patients aged≥18 years from 26 province(municipality/autonomous region)were recruited to fill in the electronic survey questionnaire. Results:A total of 293 valid questionnaires were collected from PH patients.The mean age of patients was(40.6±12.7)years,and 226 patients(77.1%)of them were female.The vaccination rate was 59.7%(175/293),117 patients(39.9%)received three or more doses of vaccine,145 patients(49.5%)received inactivated vaccine.242 patients(82.6%)had COVID-19.The most common symptoms during infection were fever(85.5%),cough(77.7%),and fatigue(66.5%).10.7%of the patients had severe or critical COVID-19.Age(OR =1.057,95%CI:1.027-1.087,P<0.001)and comorbid pulmonary disease(OR=3.341,95%CI:1.215-9.184,P=0.019)were associated with severe or critical COVID-19.After adjusting for confounding factors,age was an independent risk factor for severe or critical COVID-19(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.019-1.080,P=0.001).Severe or critical COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for worsening heart failure in PH patients during COVID-19 pandemic(OR=10.522,95%CI:4.311-25.682,P<0.001). Conclusions:The immunization coverage of PH patients is insufficient.PH patients have a higher risk of developing severe or critical COVID-19 than general population.Ageing is an independent risk factor for severe or critical COVID-19,and the risk of worsening heart failure in PH patients with severe or critical COVID-19 is significantly increased during COVID-19 pandemic.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the budget impact on medical insurance fund upon the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension（PAH）included in the outpatient special and chronic disease management policy （hereinafter refer to as the Policy ）， so as to provide reference for medical insurance reimbursement decision-making. METHODS Based on the perspective of medical insurance payer ，a budget impact model with 10 million people was built to calculate the budget impact on the medical insurance fund in the next three years （2021-2023）after PAH treatment included in the Policy. The measured cost mainly included the cost of medicine，outpatient registration ，examinations，hospitalizations，and death events. RESULTS A total of 34-36 patients with PAH per year were expected to use targeted therapy during 2021-2023. For cities with outpatient costs not covered by the pooling fund of basic medical insurance ，upon the treatment of PAH included the Policy ，the annual expenditure of the medical insurance fund increased by about 40 000 yuan，i.e. an increase of about 1 000 yuan per patient. For cities with outpatient costs covered by the pooling fund ，the annual expenditure of the medical insurance fund increased by about 80 000 yuan，which was equal to 2 000 yuan increase per patient. The increment of above cost decreased year by year. CONCLUSIONS The incremental expenditure of the medical insurance fund is controllable after the treatment of PAH included the Policy ；with the implementation of the Policy ，the incremental expenditure of the medical insurance fund will be reduced year by year.
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Objective:To explore the application value of situational bilingual teaching in standardized residency training of gynecology.Methods:The study enrolled 64 gynecological residents of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and they were randomized into experimental group and control group, with 32 residents in each group. The control group was taught by the traditional teaching method, using self-compiled teaching materials of our hospital. The experimental group was taught by the situational bilingual teaching mode, and the teaching materials were the same as those of the control group. The training time of the two groups was two months. After teaching, the training effect was evaluated through examination and satisfaction survey. SPSS 22.0 software was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After training, the scores of theoretical knowledge, operation skills and case analysis in the experimental group were significantly higher than those before training and after training in the control group ( P<0.05). The learning interest, autonomous learning ability, theoretical knowledge mastery, clinical thinking ability and communication ability of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The number of residents who were very satisfied with the training was significantly higher than that of the control group, and that of residents who were basically satisfied with the training were less than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of situational bilingual teaching in the standardized residency training of gynecology has good teaching effects, which can significantly improve the theoretical performance, clinical operation ability and case analysis ability of the training residents, and also improve the satisfaction of the training residents.
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Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a serious air pollutant associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory indicator. Objective To assess the potential impacts of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on CRP levels based on previous epidemiological studies. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to screen the cohort studies published from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2022 on the effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on CRP levels. "Fine Particulate Matter", "PM2.5", "Particulate Air Pollutants", "Ambient Particulate Matter", "CRP", "C-reactive Protein", and "High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein" in English or Chinese were the key words used in the search. The percentage change in CRP level per 10 μg·m−3 increase in PM2.5 concentration in each study was extracted, followed by meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 1241 articles were retrieved, and 7 articles were included. Random-effects models were used to merge the included data, and it was found that the percentage of CRP level increased by 10.41% (95%CI: 2.24%-18.57%, P<0.05), when PM2.5 concentration increased by 10 μg·m−3, І2=84.2%. The subgroup analysis conducted with grouping based on the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 long-term exposure showed that the intra-group heterogeneity was significantly reduced in the <15 μg·m−3 and the 15- μg·m−3 groups, and the subgroup forest analysis showed differences between the two groups. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that there was a high degree of heterogeneity among the 7 studies, and the 2 papers with the highest annual average PM2.5 concentration were the sources of heterogeneity. The Egger test and the funnel plot indicated that no obvious publication bias was found. Conclusion Long-term exposure to PM2.5 can raise levels of CRP in human body.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) and transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (TLA) in the treatment of localized adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).Methods:The data of 22 patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ ACC underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy in our institution from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different surgical approaches, these patients were divided into RLA and TLA groups. Eleven patients underwent RLA and 11 patients underwent TLA. There were no significant differences between the RLA group and the TLA group in terms of age at first diagnosis[44 (35, 54) vs. 46(41, 55) years, P= 0.793], sex (male/female: 3/8 vs. 4/7, P = 1.00), secreting tumor ratio (3/11 vs. 4/11, P = 1.00), tumor location (left/right: 6/6 vs. 7/4, P = 1.00), with hypertension or diabetes mellitus (4/11 vs. 3/11, P = 1.00). However, RLA has significantly smaller tumor size [3.0(2.5, 8.4) cm vs. 7.7(5.2, 8.4)cm, P= 0.001], and more stage Ⅰ patients [90.9%(10/11) vs. 18.2%(2/11), P=0.002], compared with those in TLA group. The perioperative indicators and oncology prognosis outcomes were collected and compared between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was performed to calculate the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results:Compared with TLA, RLA had shorter operation time[90(70, 100) vs. 110 (90, 120) min, P = 0.005] and postoperative drainage tube removal time [2 (2, 3) vs. 3 (2, 6) day, P = 0.002), and the difference was statistically significant. In the TLA group, one patient was converted to open operation due to intraoperative tumor capsule rupture. For postoperative complications, one patient in the TLA group suffered with wound infection. There were no perioperative deaths in either group. All postoperative pathological examinations confirmed ACC, and there was no significant difference in Ki-67 index between the two groups [10%(3%, 35%) vs. 10%(9%, 25%), P = 0.484]. The median follow-up was similar in the two groups [48(26, 98) vs. 31(18, 49) months, P=0.237]. The local recurrence and metastasis rates were 36.4% for RLA group and 63.6% for TLA group ( P = 0.395). Survival analysis showed no statistically significant difference in DFS [5-year DFS rate: 33.6% vs. 73.2%, P = 0.118] between the two groups. The 5-year OS rates for RLA group versus TLA group were 58.3% vs. 45.5% ( P=0.485). Conclusions:For localized (stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ) ACC, both RLA and TLA seem safe and feasible, based on the similar long-term oncological prognosis. However, compared with TLA, RLA has the advantage of shorter operation time and postoperative drainage tube removal time. Due to the small number of cases included in this study, further multi-center, large-sample studies are required to demonstrate clear benefit of one surgical approach in the future.
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Background Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a serious occupational disease. Whether ferroptosis, a form of necrotic regulated cell death, is involved in coal dust induced mouse models of CWP needs further survey. Objective This experiment is designed to elucidate the role of ferroptosis in the formation of CWP induced by coal dust in mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a saline group or a CWP group, with eight mice in each group. The mice were treated with 0.1 mL normal saline or 0.1 mL coal dust suspensions (50g·L-1) via intra-tracheal instillation. HE staining and Masson staining were used to show lung injury and lung fibrosis. Iron concentration in mouse lung tissues was measured using iron assay kit. Lipid peroxidation was estimated in lung tissues by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and immunofluorescence intensity, and the ratio of glutathione (GSH) to L-glutathione oxidized (GSSG). Western blotting and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR were used to test protein and mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin in mice. Results Coal dust injured pulmonary structure, thickened alveolar wall, and caused collagen deposition and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the CWP group. The iron concentration in the CWP group [(10.75 ± 5.42) mg·L−1] was higher than that in the saline group [(1.14 ± 0.37) mg·L−1] (P < 0.01). The MDA concentration in the CWP group [(37.32 ± 12.18) μmol·L−1] was higher than that in the saline group [(18.70 ± 8.22) μmol·L−1] (P <0.01). The immunofluorescence intensity of MDA in the CWP group was stronger than that in the saline group. The GSH/GSSG ratio decreased in CWP treated mice (1.50 ± 1.70) compared with the normal saline treated ones (4.95 ± 2.86) (P < 0.01). Compared with the saline group (38.84 ± 15.61 for GPX4, 225.90 ± 54.34 for ferritin), the relative expression levels of GPX4 and ferritin mRNA in the CWP group were downregulated (14.29 ± 7.21 for GPX4, 106.70 ± 36.70 for ferritin) (P < 0.01). Compared with the saline group (1.47 ± 0.54 for GPX4, 1.73 ± 0.34 for ferritin), the relative expression levels of GPX4 and ferritin protein in the CWP group were also downregulated (0.92 ± 0.22 for GPX4, 0.97 ± 0.09 for ferritin) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ferroptosis may be involved in the formation of coal workers' pneumoconiosis induced by coal dust in mice.
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Objective@#To establish a colloidal gold technique assay for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin(Ig) M and IgG antibodies against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and to evaluate its clinical performance.@*Methods@#A total of 278 patients who were treated at Wuhan Hankou Hospital and the People's Hospital of Honghu from February 12, 2020 to February 20, 2020 were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria, 89 patients were confirmed with 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive diagnosis, and 189 were 2019-nCoV nucleic acid-negative suspected patients. A total of 273 medical examiners from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from 2015 to 2018 were selected as controls. The serum samples of patients were collected. 2019-nCoV nucleic proteins were obtained from prokaryotic expression vectors. Indirect IgM and IgG colloidal gold techniques were established by using recombinant N protein. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as control. Serum specimens were tested for 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG. The specificity and sensitivity of colloidal gold assay were analyzed.@*Results@#The sensitivity and specificity of IgM detection reagents were 78.7% and 98.2%, respectively, those of IgG detection reagents were 73.0% and 99.3%, respectively, and those of IgM combined with IgG detection were 87.6% and 98.2%, respectively. For suspected patients with negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the positive rates of IgM and IgG were 59.8% (113/189) and 52.9% (100/189), respectively, and the positive rate of IgM combined with IgG detection was 66.1% (125/189).@*Conclusion@#This reagent of 2019-nCoV antibodies detection (colloidal gold technique) fulfills the requirement for clinical application with high specificity and sensitivity, which can be served as a supplementary detection method for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by RT-PCR.
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Objective:To establish a colloidal gold technique assay for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin(Ig)M and IgG antibodies against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and to evaluate its clinical performance.Methods:A total of 278 patients who were respectively treated at Wuhan Hankou Hospital and the People′s Hospital of Honghu from February 12, 2020 to February 20, 2020 were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria, 89 patients were confirmed with positive 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, and 189 were 2019-nCoV nucleic acid-negative suspected patients. A total of 273 medical examiners from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from 2015 to 2018 were selected as controls. The serum samples of patients were collected. 2019-nCoV nucleic proteins were obtained from prokaryotic expression vectors. Indirect IgM and IgG colloidal gold techniques were established by using recombinant nuclear protein. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as control. Serum specimens were tested for 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG. The specificity and sensitivity of colloidal gold assay were analyzed.Results:The positive rates of IgM and IgG with the colloidal gold detection in confirmed patients with positive 2019-nCoV nucleic acid were 78.7%(70/89) and 73.0%(65/89), respectively. The positive rates of IgM and IgG in medical examiners were 1.8%(5/273) and 0.7%(2/273), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of IgM detection reagents were 78.7% and 98.2%, respectively, those of IgG detection reagents were 73.0% and 99.3%, respectively, and those of IgM combined with IgG detection were 87.6% and 98.2%, respectively. For suspected patients with negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the positive rates of IgM and IgG were 59.8%(113/189) and 52.9%(100/189), respectively, and the positive rate of IgM combined with IgG detection was 66.1%(125/189).Conclusion:This reagent of 2019-nCoV antibodies detection (colloidal gold technique) fulfills the requirement for clinical application with high specificity and sensitivity, which can be served as a supplementary detection method for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by RT-PCR.
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Objective:To evaluate the value of p16 INK4a detected by p16 INK4a immunostaining as a new generation of cervical cytology for primary screening and secondary screening in population-based cervical cancer screening, and in improving cytological diagnosis. Methods:Between 2016 and 2018, 5 747 non-pregnant women aged 25-65 years with sexual history were recruited and underwent cervical cancer screening via high-risk (HR)-HPV/liquid-based cytological test (LCT) test in Shenzhen and surrounding areas. All slides were immuno-stained using p16 INK4a technology, among them, 902 cases were offered p16 INK4a detection during primary screening, and the remaining 4 845 cases were called-back by the virtue of abnormal HR-HPV and LCT results for p16 INK4a staining. Participants with complete LCT examination, HR-HPV test, p16 INK4a staining and histopathological examination results were included in this study. The performance of p16 INK4a in primary and secondary screening, and in assisting cytology to detect high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ or Ⅲ] or worse [HSIL (CIN Ⅱ) + or HSIL (CIN Ⅲ) +] were analyzed. Results:(1) One-thousand and ninety-seven cases with complete data of p16 INK4a and histology were included. Pathological diagnosis: 995 cases of normal cervix, 37 cases of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 64 cases of HSIL and one case of cervical cancer were found. Among them, 65 cases of HSIL (CIN Ⅱ) + and 34 cases of HSIL (CIN Ⅲ) + were detected. The positive rate of p16 INK4a in HSIL (CIN Ⅱ) + was higher than that in CINⅠ or normal pathology (89.2% vs 10.2%; P<0.01). (2) p16 INK4a as primary screening for HSIL (CIN Ⅱ) + or HSIL (CIN Ⅲ) + was equally sensitive to primary HR-HPV screening (89.2% vs 95.4%, 94.1% vs 94.1%; P>0.05), but more specific than HR-HPV screening (89.8% vs 82.5%, 87.7% vs 80.2%; P<0.05). p16 INK4a was equally sensitive and similarly specific to cytology (≥LSIL; P>0.05). (3) The specificity of LCT adjunctive p16 INK4a for detecting HSIL (CIN Ⅱ) + or HSIL (CIN Ⅲ) + were higher than that of LCT alone or adjunctive HR-HPV ( P<0.01), while the sensitivity were similar ( P>0.05). (4) p16 INK4a staining as secondary screening: p16 INK4a was significantly more specific (94.1% vs 89.7%, 91.9% vs 87.4%; P<0.01) and comparably sensitive (84.6% vs 90.8%, 88.2% vs 91.2%; P>0.05) to cytology for triaging primary HR-HPV screening. HPV 16/18 to colposcopy and triage other HR-HPV with p16 INK4a was equally sensitive (88.2% vs 94.1%; P=0.500) and more specific (88.3% vs 83.0%; P<0.01) than HPV 16/18 to colposcopy and triage other HR-HPV with LCT≥ atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and the referral rate decreased (14.0% vs 19.4%; P=0.005). Conclusions:For primary screening, p16 INK4a is equally specific to cytology and equally sensitive to HR-HPV screening. p16 INK4a alone could be an efficient triage after primary HR-HPV screening. In addition, p16 INK4a immunostaining could be used as an ancillary tool to cervical cytological diagnosis, and improves its accuracy in cervical cancer screening.
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Adrenal vein sampling (AVS),as the gold standard of subtype diagnosis for primary aldosteronism,can directly detect the hormone concentration in adrenal vein by adrenal vein cannulation.Adrenal tumor can be categorized into no function adenoma,adrenal carcinoma,aldosterone producing adenoma (APA),cortisol producing adenoma (CPA) and pheochromocytoma.Traditionally,peripheral blood hormone testing and image examination were performed to make functional diagnosis of adrenal tumor,which exhibits low specificity and sensitivity.On the contrary,AVS can help make a distinct lateralization diagnosis according the aldosterone concentration of each gland,even in the condition of bilateral adrenal tumor and early stage tumor,which is difficult to make functional lateralization diagnosis by traditional methods.AVS can be categorized into simultaneous sampiing and sequencing sampling,according to the order of sampling.According to using adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or not,AVS can be categorized into no stimulus sampling and post-stimulus sampling.
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Objective To summarize the pathological survey of time-zero renal biopsy (T0-RBx ) . Methods The material qualities and pathological features were analyzed retrospectively for T 0-RBx (n=176) between March 2008 and May 2016 .According to the source of donor kidney ,T0-RBx specimens were divided into living donors (LD) group (n=137) and Deceased donation (DD) group (n=39) .Furthermore , the DD group was divided into cerebral hemorrhage group (n= 10) and brain trauma group (n= 29) according to the causes of death .The inter-group differences of pathological characteristics and the effects of abnormal pathological lesions on allograft function were observed .Results All T0-RBx specimens contained cortical kidney tissue .The average microscopic length of renal tissue was (0 .39 ± 0 .23) cm and the median glomerular number 11 . The abnormal pathological lesions included glomerulosclerosis (GS ,30 .7 ％ ) , segmental glomerulosclerosis (1 .1 ％ ) ,mesangial increase (MI ,19 .3 ％ ) ,tubular atrophy (TA ,35 .2 ％ ) , acute tubular necrosis (ATN ,9 .1 ％ ) ,vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium (27 .3 ％ ) ,losses in tubule epithelial brush border (97 .7 ％ ) , protein cast (25 ％ ) , interstitial fibrosis (IF ,34 .1 ％ ) , inflammation (I ,42 .6 ％ ) ,arteriolar hyalinosis (AH) (26 .1 ％ ) and vascular fibrous intimal thickening (CV ,23 .3 ％ ) .Among them ,23 .9 ％ ,1 .1 ％ ,0 .55 ％ and 0 .55 ％ cases were diagnosed as IgA nephropathy ,immune complex associated with glomerular disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis diabetic nephropathy respectively .And the reminders were of ischemic injury .The incidence rates of TA ,IF and I were lower in DD group than those in LD group ( P< 0 .05 ) . However , ATN and vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium were higher (P<0 .001) .The incidence of GS was significantly higher in cerebral hemorrhage group than that in brain trauma group (P<0 .01) .No statistical difference existed in other lesions or disease constitution among the groups (P>0 .05) .Further analysis showed GS was related with allograft function at 6/12 months post-transplantation in both LD and DD groups (P<0 .05) .IF and AH were also related to short-term renal function of recipients post-transplantation in LD and DD groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusions T0-RBx may detect the abnormal lesions of donor kidney .Some differences exist in types and degree of abnormal lesions among different donor kidneys .LD group has a higher risk for chronic histological injury such as TA and IF while DD group is more susceptible to acute renal tubular interstitial injury .Thus it is valuable for predicting allograft function post-transplantation .Material quality is essential for ensuring the reliability of T 0-RBx .
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Objective To investigate the effects of preoperative 8 am plasma total cortisol level (PTC) on the prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).Methods A total of 44 patients from January 2009 to October 2017 with ACC were included,PTC level within one week before surgery,clinical and pathological data were collected.The mean age of the patients was (45.2 ± 15.2) years.There were 27 females and 17 males.The mean tumor diameter was (63.6 ± 20.7) mm.There were 20 cases with functional ACC,in which 18 patients presented symptoms associated with Cushing syndrome.According to ENSAT stage,9 patients were staged as stage Ⅰ,and 35 were staged as stage Ⅱ.The median pre-operative 8 am PTC was 572.6 nmol/L,range from 89.3 to 1 118.7 nmol/L.Open adrenalectomy was employed in 23 patients and laparoscopic approach in 21 patients.The optimal cut-off value of pre-operative PTC was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and patients were divided into two groups with high PTC and low PTC values.Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve,univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to explore factors influencing the prognosis of ACC patients.Results The median follow-up duration was 42 months,range from 3-104 months.The optimal cut-off value was determined as 476.2 nmol/L,baseline and clinic-pathologic characteristics differences between two groups were not statistical significant (P ＞ 0.05).The overall survival (OS) in the high PTC group was shorter than that in the low PTC group [median 18months (20-104 months) vs.40 months (5-98 months),P =0.014],and the recurrence free survival (RFS) of patients in the high PTC group was also shorter than that in the low PTC [median 26 months (0-104 months) vs.50 months (5-98 months),P =0.028).In univariate analysis,age,gender,tumor stage,preoperative PTC,and symptoms were correlated with postoperative OS and RFS (P ＜ 0.05).After adjusting for age,gender,tumor stage,symptoms,multivariate Cox regression showed that pre-operative high PTC was an independent prognostic factor associated with a decreased OS (HR =2.086,95 ％ CI 1.495-2.287,P =0.014) and decreased RFS (HR =2.234,95％ CI 1.546-2.334,P =0.045).Conclusion The preoperative morning PTC is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of ACC.
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Objective@#To investigate the prognosis and influencing factors of postoperative low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) for rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic sphincter-preserving radical resection.@*Methods@#A retrospective case-control study was used in this study. Clinical data of 268 rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic sphincter-preserving radical resection at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively collected. Inclusion criteria: (1) operation procedure was total mesorectal excision (TME) and sphincter-preserving radical resection; (2) rectal cancer was confirmed by postoperative pathology; (3) age of patient was ≥ 18 years old. Exclusion criteria: (1) patient who had history of pelvic surgery and pelvic fractures, which would affect the anorectal function; (2) patient who had history of preoperative chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome, which would affect defecation; (3) patient who developed postoperative complications, such as anastomotic leakage, which would affect defecation function; (4) patient who received long-term use of drugs, which would affect the function of gastrointestinal tract or anus; (5) patient suffered from mental illness, who was unable to communicate properly; (6) patient who was lack of clinical data or had incomplete clinical data. Patients were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and LARS was diagnosed and graded according to the LARS score scale. The LARS score ranged from 0 to 42 points, and 0 to 20 was difined as no LARS, 21 to 29 was mild LARS, and 30 to 42 was severe LARS. LARS score >20 points at any time point was defined as postoperative LARS. Severe LARS transferring into mild LARS and mild LARS transferring into no LARS was defined as symptom improvement. Incidence and outcomes of LARS were evaluated. The factors associated with LARS outcomes were analyzed using χ2 test and logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 268 patients were enrolled. The incidence of LARS was 42.9% (115/268), 32.5% (87/268) and 20.1% (54/268) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively respectively, and no new case of LARS was found after 3 months postoperatively. The incidence of mild LARS was 25.7% (69/268), 17.2% (46/268) and 8.6% (23/268) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively respectively, and mild LARS incidence at 6 months was significantly lower than that at 3 months (χ2=5.857, P=0.016), and was significantly higher than that at 12 months (χ2=8.799, P=0.003). The incidence of severe LARS was 17.2% (46/268), 15.3% (41/268) and 11.6% (31/268) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively respectively, without significant difference among 3 time points (all P>0.05). The improvement rate within one year after surgery in patients with mild LARS diagnosed at 3 months was significantly higher than that in patients with severe LARS (88.4% vs. 32.6%, χ2=38.340, P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that female, distance from anastomosis to anal verge < 5 cm and tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm were associated with unsatisfied LARS outcomes (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that distance from anastomosis to anal verge <5 cm was an independent risk factor for LARS outcome (OR=3.589, 95% CI: 1.163 to 2.198, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#The incidence of LARS after laparoscopic sphincter-preserving radical resection decreases with time. The improvement rate within postoperative 1-year of severe LARS is lower than that of mild LARS. Low anastomotic position may lead to impaired improvement of LARS.
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This study proposed a method to calibrate tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation in computed tomography system. In the method, the tube was rotated to 0° and 180° respectively, and then one metal jig with symmetric windows A and B was scanned at each position under the tube cool and static condition. According to the geometry of tube focus spot, aperture center of the collimator and jig, the distance between tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation were calculated with the X ray transmittance data after denoising, mean value and normalization. To verify the practicability and validity of the method, the tube focus spot in a 16 slices CT system (Brivo CT385, GE, China) was calibrated, and the result after calibration was validated by scanning a polaroid film. The validation result showed that the deviation between tube focal spot and center plane of rotation was 0.02 mm and was in the error range within ± 0.1 mm. The results of this study showed that, as a simple and low-cost design, the method could be used for fast calibration between tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation.
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Calibragem , Rotação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Raios XRESUMO
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most important risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese patients. Interferon (IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are two major regimens for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A large number of clinical studies have previously confirmed that the risk of HCC in CHB patients can be significantly reduced by NAs treatment. There are also some prospective studies confirming the benefit of IFN treatment. However, only a few clinical studies with limited sample size have directly compared the differences in the incidence of HCC between these two classes of drugs. Although these results suggested that the risk of HCC in IFN group was lower than patients in NA group, the conclusion need to be taken with caution. In the future, a multi-center, large sample size, well-designed, prospective study will be needed to answer this question.
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Objective To explore the distribution of the plantar pressure in patients with knee osteoarthritis after knee joint replacement surgery.Methods The plantar pressure of 33 patients with double knee osteoarthritis and single knee replacement was measured using the Belgian footscan plantar pressure test system.The peak pressure,the impulse,the peak time of the peak pressure and the parameters of the foot support period were observed.Results The average peak pressure and average impulse of the 2nd,3rd and 4th foot metatarsal,together with the medial and lateral heel,midfoot and full plantar of the knee replacement side were higher than the other side but without significant differences (P＜0.001,P＜0.05).The duration of the maximum pressure peak of the lst,2nd,3rd,4th and 5th metatarsal area and midfoot of the knee replacement side was significantly longer than the other side (P＜ 0.001,P＜0.05).The time of initial contact phase,the duration of foot flat phase and the duration of all single foot support of knee replacement side were significantly longer than the other side(P＜0.05).Conclusions It shows that the plantar pressure parameters and the knee joint's movement ability have improved significantly after the replacement.The foot pressure analysis can be used to evaluate the function of knee joint,to better understand the biomechanical changes of knee joint,so as to explore the best treatment and rehabilitation after the knee arthroplasty.