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Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are rarely seen in the gastric tumors, because there are few case reports and the clinical diagnosis rate is low. There is no consensus treatment method in the world. However, with the benefit of esophagogastrodenoscopy and widespread use of proton pump inhibitors, the diagnostic rate of gastric neuroendocrine tumors is on the increase, which gives us an updated understanding for the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease. By studying its pathogenesis, scholars have found that hypergastrinemia caused by various causes is closely related to its occurrence. Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are classified into different types or pathological grades depending on the state of progression of the disease and the unique clinical manifestations. Clinically used diagnostic methods include gastroscopy, medical imageology, nuclear medicine, gastrin, CgA, etc. There are also differences in treatments depending on the clinical classification. If the disease progresses rapidly and the grade is high, surgical resection of the lesion plus postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy should be actively performed. Other better treatments are still being explored.
Assuntos
Humanos , Gastrinas , Gastroscopia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Neoplasias GástricasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of Polygonum hydropiper extract on acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML)in rats. METHODS:48 rats were randomly divided into normal group(normal saline),model group(normal saline), positive group(ranitidine hydrochloride,0.05 g/kg),P. hydropiper extract low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(2.7, 8.1,24.3 g/kg by crude drug),i.g. for consecutive 7 d,once a day. Except for normal group,other groups were given absolute ethyl alcohol to induce AGMI model after 1 h of last administration. 1.5 h after modeling,gastric mucosal lesion index of rats was calculated;the pathological changes of gastric tissue in rats were observed;nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)content and SOD activity in gastric tissue of rats were determined by ELISA. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,the gastric mucosa of model group was damaged obviously,there was blood capillary rupture in submucosa,gastric mucosal lesion index was increased significantly(P<0.01);Nrf2 content and SOD activity were significantly decreased in gastric tissue of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group,gastric mucosal lesion of rats was relieved to different extent;in positive group,P. hydropiper extract medium-dose and high-dose groups,gastric mucosal lesion index was decreased significantly(P<0.05),and Nrf2 content and SOD activity were increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:P. hydropiper extract has good protective effect on absolute ethyl alcohol-induce AGMI,the mechanism of which may be associated with raising Nrf2 content and enhancing SOD activity in gastric mucosal tissue.
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OJECTIVE To investigate the preventive effect of Fengliao extract on ulcerative colitis of mice. METHODS Using the intestinal propulsion rate experiment and senna induced diarrhea model , the intestinal propulsion rate, diarrhea rate and index of diarrhea were observed. Mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,mesalazine hydrochloride group and Fengliao extract 11.7, 23.4 and 46.8 g · kg-1 group. The mouse colitis model was induced by 4% dextran sulfate sodium. The mice were administraed once daily for 7 d while the disease activity index(DAI)score was calculated and the activity of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β), myeloperoxidase(MPO) and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric monoxide (NO) in colon tissue were determined. RESULTS Fengliao extract 46.8 g · kg-1 inhibited the intestinal propulsion rate(P<0.05),reduced the frequency of diarrhea and the diarrhea index(P<0.05). Results of colitis showed that the body mass of mice in the model group was significantly decreased but the DAI score increased compared with normal group(P<0.05). The activity of MPO and the contents of IL-1β,TNF-α,MDA and NO in colon mucosa were increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,Fengliao extract 46.8 g·kg-1 decreased the DAI score(P<0.05)while Fengliao extract 46.8 and 23.4 g · kg-1 reduced MPO activity in colonic mucosa and content of IL-1β,TNF-α,MDA and NO in colonic homogenate(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Fengliao extract can significantly improve the DSS induced colitis in mice,which is probably associated with its antispasmodic and anti-diarrheal effect as well as the reduced release of inflammatory mediators and antioxidants.
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BACKGROUND: Mature brain contains neural stem cells. It is very important that how to directionally induce the differentiation of neural stem cells into a specific neuron, substitute for damaged neurons, in effective treatment of nervous system disease.OBJECTIVE: To study the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vivo.Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University from June 2007 to June 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 24 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to model control, an'dbody treatment and sham operation groups.METHODS: Rat models of hippocampal fimbria and fomix transsection were established in the model control and antibody treatment groups. Rats in the sham operation only received digging skull operation. Immediately following model induction, rats in the antibody treatment group were subjected to 4 μL anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. The needle was inserted at anterior fontanelle+0.6 mm, lateral side+0.6 mm and ventral side-5.5 mm at the affected side. Rats in the model control and sham operation groups were subjected to an equal volume of saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, Nestin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was observed using immunohistochemical method. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen index was calculated.RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Nastin was significantly increased at the septal area following hippocampal fimbria and fornix transsection in the model control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model control group, Nestin expression was significantly decreased in the antibody treatment group (P< 0.01). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen diffusely expressed in neuronal cytoplasm in the sham operation group, with the presence of non-specific staining, and the proliferation index was nearly 0. A little proliferating cell nuclear antigen was found in the model control group, with a proliferating index of 1%. Following antibody treatment, the proliferating index was decreased to 0.CONCLUSION: Following septal area damage, the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor induces the occurrence of neural stem cells. High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor may be the promoting factor of occurrence and differentiation of neural stem cells, and the basis of self-repair following bran damage.
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Objective To discuss the efficiency of fibrin glue amikacin complex in controlling infection by observing the changes of leukocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte classifying counts after fibrin glue amikacin complex treated deep wound. Methods Clinical case-control study was used in the study. All patients were divided randomly into test group (100 patients) and control group (100 pa-tients), matched by wound location, wound size, time from injury to operation, combined injury and gen-eral antibiotics use to compare leukocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte classifying counts between both groups and observe possible toxic and side-effect in test group. Results Firstly, the test group and control group had the comparability in aspects of gender distribution, average age and injury mechanism (P >0.05). Secondly, there was statistical difference in classifying counts of leukocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte in the test group at different time points (P <0.05). The classifying counts of leukocyte and neutrophilic granalocyte peaked at 24 hours after operation, then decreased with treatment time and reached the lowest at 24 days after surgery or at day 1 before discharge. Thirdly, there existed statistical significance upon leukocyte counts in the test group and control group except for at day 1 after operation (P > 0.05), with lower counts in test group than control group. In aspect of neutrophil classifying counts, there was statistical significance (P < 0.05) at other time points in beth groups except for time points at days 1,2 and 12 (P >0.05). The test group had lower neutrophil classifying counts compared with con-trol group at different time points. Conclusion The fibrin glue amikacin complex has good clinical effort and high security, with no toxic or side effort in treatment of deep wound infection, and is worth clinical applicaiton.