Effects of sera of rats fed with tablets on endoplasmic reticulum stress in a HepG2 cell model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of sera from rats fed with tablets (HGT) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a steatotic hepatocyte model of free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and explore the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#FFAs prepared by mixing oleic acid and palmitic acid at the ratio of 2:1. HepG2 cells were treated with the sera from rats fed with low-, moderate-or high-dose HGT (HGT sera) or sera of rats fed with fenofibrate (fenofibrate sera), followed by treatment with 1 mmol/L FFAs for 24 h to induce hepatic steatosis. Oil red O staining was used to observe the distribution of lipid droplets in the cells. The biochemical parameters including triglyceride (TG), lactated hydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using a commercial kit. The morphological changes of the ER in the cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The protein/mRNA expressions of ER stress-related signal molecules including GRP78, PERK, p-PERK, ATF6, ATF4, CASPASE-12, CHOP, XBP-1, PKC, and p-PKC-δ were detected using Western blotting and/or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The changes in the protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, CASPASE-12 and CHOP were also detected in cells with transient transfection of PKC-δ siRNA for PKC-δ knockdown.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control cells, the cells treated with FFAs showed significantly increased levels of TG, AST, and ALT ( < 0.05). Compared with FFAs-treated cells, the cells pretreated with HGT sera or fenofibrate sera all showed significantly decreased TG, AST and ALT levels ( < 0.05), reduced accumulation of the lipid droplets ( < 0.05), and lowered protein or mRNA expression levels of GRP78, p-PERK, ATF6, ATF4, CHOP, CASPASE-12, XBP-1 and p-PKC-δ ( < 0.05). PKC-δ knockdown caused significantly reduced protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, CASPASE-12 and CHOP in the cells with FFA-induced hepatic steatosis ( < 0.001); treatment with high-dose HGT serum more significantly reduced the expressions of GRP78 ( < 0.001) and P-PERK ( < 0.01) in FFAs-induced cells with PKC-δ knockdown.@*CONCLUSIONS@#HGT serum can effectively prevent FFAs-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells by alleviating ER stress, in which PKC-δ may act as an important target.

A large scale cohort study on AIDS in communities in Dali, Yunnan province, 2014-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand HIV incidence in community residents and epidemiological characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases in Dali,Yunnan province.Methods A cohort study was conducted among 146720 community residents who were tested to be HIV negative during 2010-2011,they were followed-up from June 1,2014 to May 31,2015.Results A total of 136356 community residents received follow up (92.9％).The follow-up time was 0.23-5.40 years (medium:3.43 years),cumulatively 459675 person years,and 78 people were found to be HIV positive.The incidence rate of HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years.The incidence rate was 0.037/1000 person years in age group 15-29 years,0.288/1000 person years in age group 30-44 years,0.210/1000 person years in age group 45-59 years,0.204/1000 person years in age ≥60 years;0.213/1 000 person years in males,0.130/1000 person years in females;0.248/1000 person years inHan ethnic group,0.149/1000 person years in Minorities;0.194/1000 in people with education level ≤junior middle school,0.046/1000 person years in people with education level ＞ junior middle school;0.070/1000 person years in the unmarried,0.194/1000 person years in the married and 0.425/1000person years in the divorced/widowed.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that being male (HR=l.731),aged 30-44 years (HR=13.158),aged 45-59 years (HR=10.329),aged ≥60years (HR=8.291),unmarried (HR=3.162) and divorced/widowed (HR=2.689) were the risk factors for HIV infection,while the education level ＞ junior middle school (HR=0.132) was the protective factor for HIV infection.Conclusions By medium 3.43 years follow up,the cohort study showed that incidence rate HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years in the community residents in Dali.Male,middle aged and old people,people with low education level,the unmarried and the divorced/widowed had relatively higher risk to be infected with HIV,Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of AIDS in these populations.

A large scale cohort study on AIDS in communities in Dali, Yunnan province, 2014-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand HIV incidence in community residents and epidemiological characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases in Dali,Yunnan province.Methods A cohort study was conducted among 146720 community residents who were tested to be HIV negative during 2010-2011,they were followed-up from June 1,2014 to May 31,2015.Results A total of 136356 community residents received follow up (92.9％).The follow-up time was 0.23-5.40 years (medium:3.43 years),cumulatively 459675 person years,and 78 people were found to be HIV positive.The incidence rate of HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years.The incidence rate was 0.037/1000 person years in age group 15-29 years,0.288/1000 person years in age group 30-44 years,0.210/1000 person years in age group 45-59 years,0.204/1000 person years in age ≥60 years;0.213/1 000 person years in males,0.130/1000 person years in females;0.248/1000 person years inHan ethnic group,0.149/1000 person years in Minorities;0.194/1000 in people with education level ≤junior middle school,0.046/1000 person years in people with education level ＞ junior middle school;0.070/1000 person years in the unmarried,0.194/1000 person years in the married and 0.425/1000person years in the divorced/widowed.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that being male (HR=l.731),aged 30-44 years (HR=13.158),aged 45-59 years (HR=10.329),aged ≥60years (HR=8.291),unmarried (HR=3.162) and divorced/widowed (HR=2.689) were the risk factors for HIV infection,while the education level ＞ junior middle school (HR=0.132) was the protective factor for HIV infection.Conclusions By medium 3.43 years follow up,the cohort study showed that incidence rate HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years in the community residents in Dali.Male,middle aged and old people,people with low education level,the unmarried and the divorced/widowed had relatively higher risk to be infected with HIV,Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of AIDS in these populations.

Etiology study on severe cases caused by hand-foot-mouth disease in children from Henan province, 2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the etiology of severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in children in Henan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 244 HFMD cases admitted to a hospital in Zhengzhou from April to June of 2014 were recruited for research sampling, Real-time RT-PCR, virus isolation, VP1 sequencing and alignment methods were used to test the enterovirus-related etiology. SPSS 17.0 was used in performing statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 109 severe and 135 mild cases among all the 244 HFMD cases. The number of enterovirus positive stool samples was 229, with positive rate as 93.85%. EV71, Cox A16 and Cox A10 made up 83.84%, 5.68% and 8.30% of the enterovirus etiologicy, strains, respectively. EV71 infection caused 8 HFMD cases with heart-lung failure and 2 death, Cox A10 infection led to 1 HFMD case with heart-lung failure and death. There were statistically differences seen regarding the enterovirus infection rates between severe and the mild HFMD cases (χ(2)=5.312,P=0.021). Statistically significant difference was seen in the constituent ratio of EV71, Cox A16 and the others by Fisher' s exact test (P=0.048). There was statistically significant difference seen between the cardiorespiratory failure rate and the fatality rate by EV71 and Cox A10 infection (χ(2)=0.051,P=0.821; χ(2)=2.198,P=0.138). Cox A10 strains idenfied in Henan in 2014 belonged to genotype 6. The rates on homology of nucleotide and amino acid among the Cox A10 strains in Henan in 2014 were 94.3%-99.7% and 96.3%-100.0% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EV71 still remained the most common pathogen that causing severe HFMD in children, with the increasing Cox A10 percentage in the pathogens spectrum of HFMD infection. Cox A10 strains in Henan in 2014 belonged to genotype 6. Genotype 6 Cox A10 had appeared and widely distributed in Henan for long time, but not yet variated or reconstructed. Cox A10 infection could lead to cardio-respiratory failure thus called for the monitoring program on non-EV71 and non-Cox A16 enterovirus, especially Cox A10 to be strenthened.</p>

Effects of experimental stress on serum glucose and endocrine hormone in diabetic rats and its intervention with insulin and fluoxetine / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the impact of experimental stress on serum glucose , insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and ep-inephrine in diabetic rats and its intervention with insulin and fluoxetine .Methods Type 2 diabetic rats model was induced by feeding with high sugar and high fat diet , and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).The rats were divided into normal group , dia-betic control group , diabetic treated with insulin , and diabetic treated with fluoxetine .All the rats were exposed to multiple stressors (forced swimming, cold stimulation, rotation, restrain, and crowding) for 8 weeks.The rat blood sera collected from each group were analyzed with multiple parameters including glucose , insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and epinephrine at the 4th and 8th week.Results After experimental stress, the levels of glucose [(16.7 ±3.5)mmol/L vs (5.1 ±1.1)mmol/L, t =13.9, P <0.01], glucagon [(158.5 ±50.2)ng/L vs (120.8 ±38.7)ng/L, t =2.5, P <0.05], epinephrine [(203.8 ±48.6)pg/ml vs (158.7 ±42.6)pg/ml, t =2.9, P <0.01], cortisol [(21.3 ±4.8)ng/ml vs (18.2 ±3.8)ng/ml, t =2.1, P <0.05], and HOMA-IR (10.9 ±2.6 vs 3.3 ±0.8 , t =12.3 , P <0.01 ) of diabetic rats were significantly increased .The glucose level [ ( 9.7 ±2.1 ) mmol/L vs ( 16.7 ± 3.5)mmol/L, t =7.0, P <0.01] was significantly improved after treated with insulin .The levels of epinephrine [(158.8 ±37.5 ) pg/ml vs (203.8 ±48.6)pg/ml, t =3.0, P <0.01], and cortisol [(15.7 ±4.2)ng/ml vs (21.3 ±4.8)ng/ml, t =3.5, P <0.01 ] were significantly improved after treated with fluoxetine .Conclusions Experimental stress increased the levels of glucose , en-docrine hormone , and insulin resistance of diabetic rats .Treatment with insulin improved the glucose level and treatment of fluoxetine improved the endocrine hormone level .

A Plot Study of Resting State-fMRI:Preoperative Localization of Epileptogenic Zone in Epilepsy with Malformations of Cortical Development / 天津医药

Objective To investigate whether resting state-fMRI (RS-fMRI) based on local consistency (ReHo), am?plitude low-frequency fluctuate (ALFF) and fALFF can add meaningful information on preoperative localization of epilepto?genic zone in patients with malformations of cortical development (MCD). Methods Ten epilepsy patients with MCD were studied with RS-fMRI using a 3.0 T scanner. The resting state data were preprocessed and analyzed using SPM8 and REST to generate the activation map. Abnormal ReHo, ALFF and fALFF related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were compared to video EEG (VEEG),PET,MRI findings and the final result of a comprehensive evaluation-de?fined epileptogenic zone. For operated patients, postoperative resection and histology were compared to BOLD responses. Re?sults The results of spike localization of RS-fMRI were consistent with VEEG, PET, MRI findings and final comprehensive evaluation-defined epileptogenic zone in 6, 8, 6, 7 of 10 investigations. Six operated patients (including two negative results of MRI examination) revealed local abnormal changes but not visible on structural MRI, which was confirmed cortical malfor?mations by pathology after operation (2 heterotopia and 4 cortical dysplasia). Conclusion RS-fMRI may help to delineate the epileptic focus in epilepsy patients with MCD.

Microsurgical treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy under the guidance of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation system / 中华显微外科杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the applied effects of microsurgical treatment on mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(MTLE)under the guidance of the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation system.MethodsThe anterolateral temporal lobe,hippocampus and amygdala was resected by microsurgery under the guidance of the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation system in 26 patients with intractable MTLE,with the help of electrocorticography monitoring during operation.ResultsAnterolateral temporal lobes were all resected in postoperative MRI and mesial structures certified to have atrophy or cirrhosis by pathology.All the patients were followed up from 3 to 6 months after the surgery.In 26 patients,twenty-three cases (88.5％) belonged in Engel grade I,two cases (7.7％) in grade Ⅱ and 1 case (3.8％) in gradeⅢ.No severe complications occurred and nervous functions were preserved well.ConclusionMicrosurgical treatment on MTLE under the guidance of the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation system is effective due to epileptic focus all resected and protection for nervous functions,resulting in an accurate and safe improvemention of operation.