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Epilepsy is a common, chronic neurological disorder that has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment and immunity. The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is involved in seizures via an unknown mechanism. Here, we first determined the expression pattern and distribution of the CXCR5 gene in the mouse brain during different stages of development and the brain tissue of patients with epilepsy. Subsequently, we found that the knockdown of CXCR5 increased the susceptibility of mice to pentylenetetrazol- and kainic acid-induced seizures, whereas CXCR5 overexpression had the opposite effect. CXCR5 knockdown in mouse embryos via viral vector electrotransfer negatively influenced the motility and multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migratory neurons. Using a human-derived induced an in vitro multipotential stem cell neurodevelopmental model, we determined that CXCR5 regulates neuronal migration and polarization by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton during various stages of neurodevelopment. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of CXCR5 induced neuronal hyperexcitability, resulting in an increased number of seizures. Finally, our results suggested that CXCR5 deficiency triggers seizure-related electrical activity through a previously unknown mechanism, namely, the disruption of neuronal polarity.
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Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Epilepsia/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR5/metabolismo , Convulsões/metabolismoRESUMO
Objective@#To understand prevalence and trend of drinking behavior among middle school students in Quzhou during 2012 to 2022, and to provide a basis for formulating scientific and effective intervention measures for adolescent drinking.@*Methods@#By using stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey using Zhejiang adolescent health related behavior questionnaire was conducted anonymously in selected classes in May 2012, 2017 and 2022, respectively. Changes of drinking behavior of middle school students in different years were analyzed.@*Results@#The prevalence of ever drinking, current drinking and drunkenness among middle school students in Quzhou decreased from 58.05%, 22.70% and 21.25% in 2012 to 41.83%, 15.35% and 11.54% in 2022, respectively ( χ 2 trend =82.69, 30.00，58.24, P <0.01). In the past 30 days, 66.67% of students reported drinking 1-2 days, the proportion of drinking for 3-5 days increased from 16.36% in 2012 to 26.19% in 2022, the proportion of drinking for 6-19 days decreased from 13.03% in 2012 to 3.40% in 2022. The proportion of buying alcohol increased from 22.12% in 2012 to 35.03% in 2022. The results of the three surveys showed that, now drinking rates, drinking rates, Male students (27.88%，23.96%，18.75%；24.69%，17.44%，13.75%) was higher than the girls (17.60%，17.25%，11.31%；17.87%，10.61%，8.91%)， non ordinary high schools (33.96%，34.69%，22.77%；33.65%，23.91%，19.49%) were higher than ordinary high schools (25.82%，18.80%， 12.62 %；25.82%，17.35%，9.94%) and junior middle school (16.53%，15.83%，12.22%；13.93%，8.47%，7.35%).@*Conclusion@#Progress in adolescent drinking control is being made in Quzhou, with the prevalence of ever drinking, current drinking and drunkenness significantly decreased. It is necessary to strengthen the control of drinking behavior among middle school students from the aspects of school, family and society, especially for boys and students in non ordinary high school students.
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ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of Chaowei Zhikangyin in the treatment of the rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MethodsA rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding 50 Sprague-Dawley rats with high-fat diet for 6 weeks and was confirmed by liver pathological examination. Then, the model rats were randomly divided into five groups: low-, medium-, and high-dose Chaowei Zhikangyin groups (given Chaowei Zhikangyin by gavage), Kezhi capsule treatment group (given a suspension of Kezhi capsules), and model group (orally given distilled water). In addition, control rats were fed with normal diet and then treated with distilled water. Six weeks later, the liver function, blood lipids, liver lipids, and liver histology were examined. ResultsAll Chaowei Zhikangyin groups were superior to the model group in terms of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum and TC and TG in liver tissues (P＜0.05), but there were no significant differences between these Chaowei Zhikangyin groups and Kezhi capsule treatment group (P＞0.05). Different degrees of liver inflammation was observed in the model group and Chaowei Zhikangyin groups; however, the Chaowei Zhikangyin groups and Kezhi capsule treatment group had reduced liver inflammation compared with the model group (P＜0.05), and the Kezhi capsule treatment group showed a significantly more improvement than these Chaowei Zhikangyin groups (P＜0.05). ConclusionChaowei Zhikangyin can improve liver function, reduce blood lipids, and inhibit liver inflammation in rats with NAFLD, and it has comparable efficacy to Kezhi capsules. This therapy can be used for treating NAFLD.
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Objective To study the effect of pharmacy intravenous admixture service(PIVAS)combined with mobile transfusion management system on the intravenous infusion for outpatients.Methods Six hundred patients hospitalized from January to December 2011 were set as the control group,and another 600 patients from January to December 2012 as observation group.The control group were managed with PIVAS management mode and the observation group with PIVAS combined with mobile transfusion management system management mode.The two groups were compared in terms of transfusion reaction,transfusion errors,nurse-patient disputes, transfusion check errors,no response from patients at call and patient’s satisfaction.Results There were no significant differences between the groups in transfusion reaction and transfusion error rate( P>0.05).The rates of nurse-patient disputes,transfusion check errors,no response from patients at call and patient's satisfaction in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion PIVAS combined with mobile transfusion management system can not only provides pharmaceutical care safety quality for outpatient’s infusion,but also simplify the infusion process and improve the work efficiency and patient’s satisfaction with nurses.
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[Objective] To analyze the reasons of unplanned extubation(UE)of deep venous catheter (DVC)and explore the prevention strategies.[Methods] The experiences and lessons of maintenance of deep venous catheter of 410 patients were retrospectively reviewed,causes of unplanned extubation in 25 cases were analyzed.[Results] Catheter obstruction,accidental pulling-off of eatheter,catheter-related infections,thrombosis formation,skin allergy and other complications were the main reasons for unplanned extubation.These complications were mainly related to patients,medical staff factors and catheter sites or other relevant situations.[Conclusions] The measures such as fully understanding and correct analysis of unplanned extubation reasons,assessment of risk factors,actively seeking effective nursing intervention measures to ensure the standardization of the nursing practice can significantly reduce the rate of unplanned extubation.
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AIM To investigate whether pioglitazone can protect cortical neurons from lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced neurotoxicity and the mechanisms responsible for this protective effect. METHODS After 7 d cultures，cultured cortical neurons were incubated with LPS 10 mg·L~(-1) for 4-24 h with or without other drugs. In co-incubation experiments, other drugs were added to the neurons 30 min or 1 h prior to incubation with LPS. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The neuronal apoptosis was quantified by scoring the percentage of cells with apoptotic nuclear morphology after Hoechst 33258 staining. The cultured cells were then fixed on the 7th day and immunocytochemically stained with phosphorylated JNK1 antibody. The protein expressions of active caspase 3 and phosphorylated JNK1 were measured by Western blot. Nitric oxide (NO) generation was measured by Griess method. RESULTS The decrease of cell viability and the increase of apoptotic cells in cultured cortical neurons were observed incubated with LPS for 24 h compared with the normal controls. The cell viability of cortical neurons was decreased from (100.0±10.9)% in the normal control group to (72.3±2.1)% in the LPS-treated group and the apoptotic cell percentages were increased from (11.5±4.2)% in the normal control group to (39.5±8.2)% in the LPS group. LPS induced the increases in phospho-JNK1, active caspase 3 expression, and NO generation. Pioglitazone 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μmol·L~(-1), respectively inhibited LPS-induced decrease in cell viability and increase of apoptotic morphology, active caspase 3 expression in cultured neurons. In LPS+pioglitazone 1 μmol·L~(-1) group, cell viability was （97.8±9.7）%, the apoptotic cells percentage was (20.6±5.0)%, NO generation (6.8±1.3)μmol·L~(-1). Furthermore, pioglitazone also inhibited LPS-induced the increase in JNK1 phosphorylation and NO generation. JNK inhibitor SP600125 5 μmol·L~(-1) significantly inhibited LPS-induced neurotoxicity, cell viability was increased from (72.3±2.1)% to (109.8±11.8)%, the apoptotic cells percentage from (39.5±8.2)% decreased to (19.1±4.8)%, NO generation from （21.1±5.0）μmol·L~(-1) decreased to（4.0±1.3）μmol·L~(-1). The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 10 μmol·L~(-1) did not reverse the effects of pioglitazone. In LPS+pioglitazone 1 μmol·L~(-1)+GW9662 10 μmol·L~(-1) group, cell viability was (90.7±6.9)%, the apoptotic cells percentage was (23.4±4.1)%, and NO concentration was (5.8±0.7)μmol·L~(-1). CONCLUSION Pioglitazone protects cortical neurons against LPS insult at least via inhibiting JNK activity and NO generation, but not PPARγ activation.
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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Survivin in esophageal car-cinoma.Methods Survivin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 61 cases of esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues and 26 tumor-adjacent normal tissues.Results The positive Survivin expression rate was 60.7% (37/61)in tumor tissues.The expression of Survivin was significantly correlated with the tumor grading,infiltration, lymph node metastasis and the survival(P<0.01).Conclusion Survivin may be an important marker for tumor di-agnosis and it is of great important to the active treatment of high-risk patients and to increasing of prognosis values.