Pediatric supraglottic laryngeal hamartoma: a case report and literature review / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Laryngeal hamartoma is a benign proliferative tumor-like lesion that occurs in the larynx. A case of supraglotic laryngeal hamartoma admitted by our department and 12 cases of laryngeal hamartoma reported in literature were retrospectively analyzed, the pathogenesis, clinicalmanifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of laryngeal hamartoma was explored, aiming to improve the understanding and diagnosis and treatment.of this disease.

Normal Values and Development of Click- Auditory Brainstem Responses in Children of 3~5 Years Old / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the normal ranges and features for click-auditory brainstem responses of children in 3~5 years old.Methods Normal results of click-ABR from 132 normal children (224 ears)were ana-lyzed.The children were divided into three groups:Group A (74 ears from children of 3 years old),Group B (78 ears from children of 4 years old)and Group C (72 ears from children of 5 years old).The ABR data were statisti-cally analyzed by ANOVA with SPSS.Results At 80 dB nHL,the wave Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ latencies and intervals of wave Ⅰ- Ⅲ,and wave Ⅰ-Ⅴ of ABR for 3 -year old children were 1.24 ±0.09 ms,3.53 ±0.16 ms,5.39 ± 0.23 ms,2.30±0.15ms and 4.15 ±0.22 ms,respectively,and for 4 -year-old children,they were1.23 ±0.10 ms,3.52±0.39 ms,5.30±0.21 ms,2.28±0.39 ms and 4.07 ±0.22 ms,respectively.For 5 - year-old chil-dren,they were1.24±0.10 ms,3.67±0.63 ms and 5.34±0.19 ms,2.42±0.63 ms and 4.09±0.19 ms,respec-tively.The thresholds for 3-year children were 22.57 ±4.40 dB nHL,for 4 - year children,21.15 ±4.83 dB nHL,and for 5 - year children,21.11±3.48 dB nHL.Among three groups,only latency of wave V and interval of wave I-V had statistical differences,and a further analysis showed the statistical differences in Groups A and B. No statistical differences were observed in Groups B and C.The latency of wave I and thresholds of ABR for the children of different ages were not significantly different.Conclusion The resvits of this study suggest the brainstem may mature at 4 years old.

Effects of Perioperative Application of ELP Enteric Soft Capsules on Therapeutic Efficacy and Prognosis in Children after Grommet Insertion of Chronic Secretory Otitis Media / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of perioperative application of Eucalyptol,limonene and pinene(ELP)en-teric soft capsules on therapeutic efficacy and prognosis in children after grommet insertion of chronic secretory otitis media. METH-ODS:92 cases(145 ears)of chronic secretory otitis media were divided into 2 groups by random number table method,including 46 cases in observation group(68 ears)and 46 cases in control group(77 ears). Both groups received grommet insertion under gen-eral anesthesia by otomicroscope. Control group was not given any drugs;observation group was given ELP enteric soft capsules 1.2 g,bid,from 3 d before operation to 5 d after operation. Subjective therapeutic efficacy and pure tone audiometry of 2 groups were observed 3 days,5 days,2 weeks,1 month and 3 months after surgery as well as acoustic impedance monitoring in children with tube withdrawal from ear 1 month and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS:The total effective rates of observation group 3 days,5 days,2 weeks,1 month and 3 months after surgery were 72.06%,82.35%,85.29%,89.70%and 95.59%;those of con-trol group were 59.74%,66.23%,80.52%,87.01% and 92.21%,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The pure tone audiome-try score of observation group 3 days,5 days,2 weeks,1 month and 3 months after surgery were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Therapeutic effective rates of acoustic impedance monitoring in children with tube withdrawal from ear 1 month and 3 months after surgery were 77.78% and 90.48% in observation group,which were signifi-cantly higher than 61.54% and 81.48% in control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The periopera-tive application of ELP enteric soft capsules can significantly improve function recovery and hearing level in children after grommet insertion of chronic secretory otitis media.

Effects of Antibiotics on Children with Acute Otitis Media / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study whether the usage of antibiotics and white -blood -cell counts affect the effects of 2~12-year-old children with acute otitis media (AOM ) .Methods A total of 126 children (2~12 years old)with AOM ,from Jan 2013 to Dec 2013 ,were retrospectively analyzed .Usage of antibiotics and white -blood-cell count were recorded at first ,and the relationships between two factors and outcomes of children with AOM were studyed in one week ,one month and three months after treatment ,respectively .Results White blood cell counts were higher than normal in 59 .52% (75/126) 2~12 -year -old children with AOM ,and antibiotics were used in 73 .81% (93 /126) .Ninty three cases were followed -up until 3 month or more .Antibiotics were used in 74 cases ,and watchful waiting were used in the other 19 patients .The effective rates of two groups were 59 .45% and 52 .63% ,75 .68% and 84 .21% ,85 .14% and 78 .95% in one week ,one month and 3 months after treatment ,re‐spectively .There were no statistically significant differences(χ2 values were 0 .295 ,0 .903 ,0 .799 ,P>0 .05) .But the effective rates were signifantly higher in 1 and 3 months than that of in one week (P0 .05) between one and three months .Whether white-blood-cell count higher than normal or not ,the difference in efficacy was not statistically significant in 1 week ,1 month and 3 months after treatment (P >0 .05) .Conclusion In 2~12-year-old children with acute otitis media (AOM ) ,the final outcomes were inde‐pendent of the usage of antibiotics and white -blood-cell count .

Pathogenic Bacteria Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Children with Acute Otitis Media / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To analyze pathogenic bacteria distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in children with acute otitis media(AOM ) .Methods Otorrhea samples from 146 episodes of AOM were cultured .The antimi‐crobial susceptibility of the main pathogenic bacteria was determined .The results were analyzed by SPSS19 .0 .Re‐sults 1) The strains of bacteria were isolated from 109 children with the positive rate of 74 .66% .Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP ) was the major bacteria(64 episodes ,58 .72% ) ,followed by staphlococcus aureus(SA) (19 epi‐sodes ,17 .43% ) .2) Sp was all sensitive to vancomycin ,levofloxacin ,moderate to penicillin ,amoxicillin ,cefo‐taxime ,and highly resistent to erythromycin and clindamycin .Staphlococcus aureus were all sensitive to vancomy‐cin ,tetracycline ,and Amy card ,and moderate to amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium ,cefoxitin ,and oxacillin ,all resistent to penicillin and ampicillin .3) The strains of SP in age≤1year ,>1 -3years ,and >3 years respectively were 31(50 .82% ) ,25(56 .82% ) ,8 (19 .51% ) .There were significant differences between them(χ2 =14 .073 ,P=0 .001) .4)The strains of SP in 2012 ,2013 ,2014 respectively were 16(30 .19% ) ,22(48 .89% ) ,26(54 .17% ) ,There were significant differences between them(χ2 =6 .557 ,P=0 .038) .The antimicrobial susceptibility of SP had no sig‐nificant differences among 2012 ,2013 ,2014 ,but a yearly resistance decreasing trend was seen .Conclusion SP was the main bacterial contributor for AOM in Wuhan children .SP detection rate increases every year ,mainly in chil‐dren less than 3 years old .T he antimicrobial susceptibility is stable .

Analysis of the causes of postoperative delayed hemorrhage of low temperature plasma tonsillectomy in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Probe into the causes of postoperative delayed hemorrhage of low temperature plasma tonsillectomy in children.@*METHOD@#The methods of retrospective analysis the difference of postoperative bleeding time and bleeding rate between tonsillectomy by the low temperature plasma and the traditional cold surgical devices in 2-14 years old children. Plasma group contained the tonsillectomy by low temperature plasma between the March in 2012 to the August in 2013. Traditional group contained the tonsillectomy by traditional cold surgical devices between the March in 2005 to the August in 2006.@*RESULT@#In the 1,000 cases of plasma group, 19 cases occurred postoperative hemorrhage, the hemorrhage rate was 1. 9%. Four cases occurred postoperative primary hemorrhage in 8 hours after operation, the postoperative primary hemorrhage rate was 0. 4%. Fifteen cases occurred postoperative delayed hemorrhage, the delayed hemorrhage rate was 1. 50%, the bleeding time was 2-13 days after operation, the average number was 7. 5 days. Nine cases had wound infection and 6 cases had eaten some food improperly in these 15 cases. And in these eaten improperly cases, 4 children had eaten fruit and hard food, 2 children had eaten a little food who lost their weight. In 860 cases of the traditional group, 29 cases occurred postoperative hemorrhage, the hemorrhage rate was 3. 37%. 26 cases occurred postoperative primary hemorrhage in 8 hours after operation, the postoperative primary hemorrhage rate was 3. 02%. Three cases occurred postoperative delayed hemorrhage, the delayed hemorrhage rate was 0. 35%, the bleeding time was 2-6 days, the average number was 4 days.@*CONCLUSION@#It is preferable for chileren to having low temperature plasma tonsillectomy. The causes of postoperative delayed hemorrhage of low temperature plasma tonsillectomy in children are probably related to the postoperative infection, the differences of operation skills, the method of stop bleeding, eating the wrong foods, irritating cough, improper nursing and so on.

Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farina drops in monosensitized and polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with standardized Dermatophagoides farina drops in monosensitized and polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 162 patients treated with standardized Dermatophagoides farina drops were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into the monoallergen sensitized group and polyallergen sensitized group according to the results of skin prick tests. The total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), the total medication score (TMS) and adverse effects (AEs) were evaluated before treatment, 2 year after SLIT treatment and 3 year after drug discontinuance. Result:After SLIT treatment for 2 years and drug discontinuance for 3 years, the TNSS (3. 14[2. 47; 3. 65], 3. 45 [2. 76; 3. 92], respectively) and TMS (0. 42[0. 36; 0. 57],0. 35[0. 26; 0. 44], respectively) in the monoallergen sensitized group were lower than that before the treatment (TNSS: 9. 00 [8. 00; 10. 00], TMS: 2. 16 [1. 88; 2. 37]), which have showed a statistically significant difference(P0. 05).@*CONCLUSION@#SLIT with standardized Dermatophagoides farina drops has a long-term efficacy in monosensitized and polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis. Moreover, a longer SLIT treatment (>2 years) may be necessary to consolidate its efficacy.

The clinical characters and surgical management of nasopharyngeal teratoma in infants / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To describe and analyze the clinical characteristics of nasopharyngeal teratoma in infants and improve the levels of diagnosis and treatment to reduce misdiagnosis.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 11 cases of nasopharyngeal teratoma in infants were reviewed retrospectively and summarized the clinical features. After the preoperative examination of nasopharyngeal endoscopy and imaging (CT or MRI), all patients were under general anesthesia of nasopharyngeal teratoma surgical resection. Of them, 8 cases were used radiofrequency ablation, 3 cases used conventional power systems.@*RESULT@#Eleven cases with neoformation were completely removed, the operation time was 5-15 min, blood loss was 1-5 ml, patients had no significant nasal obstruction, bleeding, eating nasopharyngeal regurgitation, breathing difficulties or other complications. No recurrence was found after 10 months to 9 years followed up.@*CONCLUSION@#The nasopharyngeal mass must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of breathing difficulties in infants, especially when it exists together with upper airway obstruction symptoms; The low-temperature radiofrequency ablation with endoscopic had the advantages of short time, precise control, less bleeding, clear operative field, little injury and pain, low recurrence, providing a new clinical treatments.

An AnaIysis of EIectron-nasopharyngoIaryngoscopy ResuIts in 4 668 ChiIdren with Hoarseness / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the causes and clinical features associated with hoarseness in children.Meth-ods The data of 4 668 children suffering from hoarseness were analyzed with electronic-nasopharyngolaryngosco-py retrospectively.ResuIts The top 6 common causes of hoarseness were chronic laryngitis (1 817 cases,38.9%), vocal cord nodules (1 494 cases,32.0%),vocal hypertrophy (560 cases,12.0%),the paralysis of vocal cord (373 cases,8.0%),congenital sulcus vocalis (149 cases,3.2%)and recurrent respiratory papilloma disease (140 cases,3. 0%).These six diseases were common in children with hoarseness with 4 533 out of 4668 (97.1%);of the chil-dren were 2 to 10 years old as the largest age group (65.8%,3 072/4 668)and the ratio of male and female was 2. 48:1.The top six diseases were statistically distributed in different age groups (P<0.01).ConcIusion The main causes of hoarseness were different in different age groups.The children aged 2 to 10 years old made up the largest group (3 072/4 668),showing the greatest incidence of hoarseness in children .The incidence for male patients was higher than female and the chronic laryngitis was the top disease.Hoarseness in children was different from that of adults so that to understand the characteristics of this disorder in children will be beneficial to the proper diagnosis and effective treatment.

Infantile hemangiomas of airway / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors,accounting for 10％ of the incidence of benign tumors.Most hemangiomas may involute spontaneously,without any medical intervention.But partly because of the special parts of its growth,such as pediatric airway (subglottic),potentially it has fatality.So it is essential to give prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.Although there are multiple literatures have reported about the management of the subglottic hemangioma,there is no unified conclusion.This article summarizes a variety of methods on the diagnosis and treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma.And the advantages and disadvantages of various treatments with the cases and the literature were assessed,so as to provide individualized treatment options for infantile.

The clinical characteristics and treatment progress of otitis media in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Otitis media is a common problem in children, which may cause hearing loss and complications sometimes. This topic will review the definition, causes, types, clinical characteristics and treatments of each type of ear infections in children, by reading recently literatures. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis and choose a appropriate treatment of otitis media in children to avoid antibiotics abusing. Sometime some cases need operations, which are effective, especially in chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma, and we need further studying focuse on when do the operations and how to shoose them.

Analysis of TEOAE and AABR hearing screening and follow-up in NICU / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the results of TEOAE and AABR hearing screening and follow-up in NICU.@*METHOD@#Total 574 cases in NICU were included in this study, all cases received both TEOAE and AABR hearing screening while admission and rescreening when one-month-old. The cases that were abnormal on either test in rescreening were asked to return for diagnostic tests at 3 moths old. The patients who didn't return as required in 3 months were surveyed by call and analyzed.@*RESULT@#Among 574 cases, 472 cases passed both TEOAE and AABR hearing screening while admission. While 102 cases had abnormal test results in either screening test. Thirty-three cases returned for follow-up, 13 of which passed rescreening test one month after discharge, the other 20 cases had ABR diagnostic tests after 3 months. Among them, 8 cases had normal hearing, 12 cases had various degree of hearing loss. Sixty-nine cases lost follow-up. The reason of lost follow-up was as follows, parents changed phone number/contact information, parents didn't understand the screening results, parents believe that their children having no need for further testing; parents had retest in other hospitals, parents didn't pay attention to hearing loss because of other severe complicated comorbidities.@*CONCLUSION@#The passing rate (normal) of TEOAE and AABR hearing screening in NICU was 82.2%, non- passing rate wass 17.8%, and the prevalence of hearing loss was high in those followed cases. Hyperbilirubinemia was the main risk factors of hearing loss in our NICU patients. We reviewed the reason for high rate (67.6%) of losing follow-up.

The clinical characters and surgical managements of congenital laryngeal cysts in infants / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To classify congenital laryngeal cysts in 62 newborn or infants, and to discuss the characteristics of different operation mode.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 62 infants with laryngeal cysts treated were reviewed retrospectively. After the examination of neck palpation, laryngoscope and imaging (CT or MRI), all patients were under general anesthesia of laryngeal cyst excision. we select operation mode according to the classification. Classification include: 61 cases of cysts were confined to the larynx, 1 case was beyond the larynx. Surgical managements include: an excision through external carotid approach in 1 case beyond the larynx, 61 cases had endoscopic excision under general anesthesia (12 cases with traditional bite exception, 12 cases with powered system and 37 cases with low-temperature radiofrequency ablation).@*RESULT@#The operations was successful. No recurrence was found after 0.5 to 7 years follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#To chose surgical management after classification and preoperative assessment, which could avoid unnecessary opening surgical approaches, reducing the recurrence, and preventing repeated endoscopic treatment or tracheotomy. The low-temperature radiofrequency ablation had the advantages of short operation time, less bleeding, little injury, low recurrence rate and light postoperative reaction. It is worthy of clinical promotion.

The observation and analysis the function and morphology of the eustachian tube in secretory otitis media and chronic rhinosinusitis in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe and analyze the function and morphology of pharyngeal ostium of the eustachian tubes in secretory otitis media and chronic rhinosinusitis in children under direct vision,in order to provide an objective basis for clinical treatments.@*METHOD@#Fifty cases of secretory otitis media,50 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis and a control group of 50 cases with hoarseness were examined under video laryngoscope to observe the pharyngeal ostium morphological changes of the eustachian tubes, and their functional statuses were tested by using acoustic impedance instrument. All the data were analyzed by statistical methods.@*RESULT@#(1) In the secretory otitis group, the abnomal rate of the pharyngeal ostium of the eustachian tubes was 94% while the chronic rhinosinusitis group was 80%,and between them there was no significant differences (P > 0.05). But both of them had significant differences with the control group (P < 0.05). (2) In the secretory otitis group, the rate of the eustachian tube dysfunction was 70% while the chronic rhinosinusitis group was 26%, and between them there was significant differences (P < 0.05), and both of them have significant differences when compared with the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There are some abnormal points exist in the function and the morphology of the eustachian tube in secretory otitis media and chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Eustachian tube dysfunction played a dominant role in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media in children rather than the morphological change did compared to the chronic rhinosinusitis in children.

The clinical analysis of tympanoplasty in treating children's chronic otitis media / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effectiveness of tympanoplasty for treatment of chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma in children.@*METHOD@#Twenty-three cases with chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma treated by tympanoplasty were retrospectively studied, among which 15 cases had complete clinical data. The condition of surgical cavities, the duration of getting dry ears, the hearing improvements, the growth of new ear drums and whether the recurrence of cholesteatomas occurred or not were observed.@*RESULTS@#In all patients, the chief complains were ear discharging and hearing loss. The tympanum membranes(pars flaccid or pars tensa) became retracted or perforated and CT scan showed mastoid processes were poor developed in some cases with lesions mainly located at attic, middle tympanum cavity and/or petrous parts. The duration of getting dry ear was (6.0 +/- 1.5) weeks after surgery. The effective rate was 80%. The hearing of 12 cases has been improved, that of 2 cases has no changed, that of 1 case has been descended, and 1 case exhibited recurrent cholesteatoma after surgery.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrated that children's chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma have their own clinic features of wide erosiveness and strong aggressiveness, and tympanoplasty has been proved to treat this disease effectively, also been proved to improve these patients' hearing cognitions and eventually improve their life qualities.

Clinical analysis of foreign body ingestion of button cell in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To improve diagnosis and treatment level of foreign body ingestion of button cell in children.@*METHOD@#Among the 14 cases with foreign bodies ingestion of button cell, 6 cases in esophageal, 7 cases in stomach and lower gastrointestinal tract, 1 case with multiple foreign bodies both in esophagus and stomach. Seven cases in stomach and lower gastrointestinal tract were closely observed without special treatment, 6 cases in esophageal, underwent esophagoscopy and removal of foreign body under general anesthesia, 1 case with multiple foreign bodies in esophagus and stomach underwent esophagoscopy and electronic gastroscopy and then removal of foreign body. All patients had symptomatic treatments after removal of foreign body. The average age is 2 years and 1 month.@*RESULT@#After the removal of button cell, Foreign bodies in stomach and lower gastrointestinal tract in 7 cases were all discharged spontaneously. For the 6 cases in esophagus, 4 cases were cured, 1 case had esophageal stricture, 1 cased died. 1 case with multiple foreign bodies in both esophagus and stomach was cured.@*CONCLUSION@#Esophageal foreign body has strong corrosiveness and would cause serious damages even to threaten children's life. It also may lead to esophageal stricture. The key point to cure this disease is to diagnose timely and to operate as soon as possible. Because neutralize of digestive juices and low probability of incarceration, with close observation, the foreign bodies of stomach and lower gastrointestinal tract can discharge spontaneously.

Follow-up examination for high risk infants with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The goal was to know more about the characteristic of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) for high risk infants.@*METHOD@#The newborn hearing screening was performed with automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR) and transient evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE) for the infants in the NICUs from August 2007 to January 2011. After subsequent rescreening, children with AABR test referred were perform hearing test set including high frequency (1000 Hz) tympanometry, ABR, DPOAE and/or Cochlear Microphonics (CMs) in 3 months old. Only infants demonstrated severely abnormal ABRs along with preserved DPOAEs and/or CMs were scheduled for re-examination in 6-8 months old and Behavior audiometry in 8-12 months old.@*RESULT@#Eighteen infants (14 cases were bilateral and 4 cases were unilateral) considered as suffering from AN in 3 months old. All of them showed ABR thresholds > or = 80 dB nHL or absent at maximum test intensity. Follow-up examination revealed 9 cases (18 ears) with restoration of ABR to normal or a lower ABR thresholds and a resolution of ANSI) in 11 out of 18 infants retested in 6-8 months old. CMs were present in all ears but DPOAE were not present in 4 ears with middle ear pathology in 3 months test. Behavioral hearing of 10 cases ranged from mild (n = 2), moderate(n = 4) to severe and profound loss (n = 4).@*CONCLUSION@#ANSD in high risk neonates could show the temporary character. It was too difficult to forecast the prognosis, they would be to follow up to at least 3 years old for newborn ANSD.

CT and MRI study in severe sensorineural hearing loss in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of CT and MRI in diagnosing the children with sensorineural hearing loss.@*METHOD@#Ninety-six cases suspected as severe sensorineural hearing loss were examined by CT/MRI system and 3D reconstruction.@*RESULT@#Of 96 cases, 15 cases were found malformation these malformation included Michel, cochlear hypoplasia, commun cavity, Mondini, inner canal straitness, cochlear nerve undeveloped and vestibular aqueduct enlargements.@*CONCLUSION@#There are 15.63% inner ear malformation occurred in sensorineural hearing loss children. CT and MRI of inner ear have a great clinical value in diagnosing children sensorineural hearing loss by learning the anatomy.

The analyse of telephone follow-up affecting the compliance of sublingual desensitization treatment to allergic rhinitis patients / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the compliance of sublingual desensitization used in allergic rhinitis patients by telephone follow up, and to discuss the influencing factor associate with medicine pause.@*METHOD@#One hundred and thirty-two patients of allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into two groups, 53 cases was in the control group, 79 cases was in telephone follow up group for a period of 6 months of observation.@*RESULT@#Sublingual desensitization treatment for 6 months, 28/53 cases of control group were compliance, 25/53 cases were loss, and compliance rate was 52.8%; 17/27 cases of follow-up group A were compliance, 10/27 cases were loss, and compliance rate was 63.0%; 21/28 cases of follow-up group B were compliance, 7/28 cases were loss, and compliance rate was 75.0%; 22/24 of follow-up group C were compliance, 2/24 cases were loss, and compliance rate was 91.7% (P < 0.05). Significant difference was found in the 4th month after treatment (P < 0.01). Long-term treatment and cure were the main impact factors for compliance.@*CONCLUSION@#Timely telephone follow-up education and guidance to patients could improve compliance of patients with sublingual desensitization.

Clinical analysis of esophageal foreign bodies of button cell in childhood / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To improve diagnosis and treatment level of esophageal foreign bodies of button cell.@*METHOD@#Reported 4 clinical cases of esophageal foreign bodies of button cell.@*RESULT@#Because of different diagnosis time and different surgical time, one case died and the other were cured.@*CONCLUSION@#Esophageal foreign bodies of button cell has been reported rarely before. Because button cell is caustically basic, drastically dangerous, it should be emphasized clinically. The key point to cure this disease is diagnosing timely and operating a surgery as soon as possible.