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Bioactive compounds derived from herbal medicinal plants modulate various therapeutic targets and signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's primary cause of death. Ginkgo biloba, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with notable cardiovascular actions, has been used as a cardio- and cerebrovascular therapeutic drug and nutraceutical in Asian countries for centuries. Preclinical studies have shown that ginkgolide B, a bioactive component in Ginkgo biloba, can ameliorate atherosclerosis in cultured vascular cells and disease models. Of clinical relevance, several clinical trials are ongoing or being completed to examine the efficacy and safety of ginkgolide B-related drug preparations in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemia stroke. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and mechanisms of action of ginkgolide B in atherosclerosis prevention and therapy. We highlight new molecular targets of ginkgolide B, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidase), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), platelet-activating factor (PAF), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and others. Finally, we provide an overview and discussion of the therapeutic potential of ginkgolide B and highlight the future perspective of developing ginkgolide B as an effective therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.

Sorting nexin 3 exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy via regulation of TFRC-dependent ferroptosis

The clinical utilization of doxorubicin (Dox) in various malignancies is restrained by its major adverse effect: irreversible cardiomyopathy. Extensive studies have been done to explore the prevention of Dox cardiomyopathy. Currently, ferroptosis has been shown to participate in the incidence and development of Dox cardiomyopathy. Sorting Nexin 3 (SNX3), the retromer-associated cargo binding protein with important physiological functions, was identified as a potent therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy in our previous study. However, few study has shown whether SNX3 plays a critical role in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. In this study, a decreased level of SNX3 in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy was observed. Cardiac-specific Snx3 knockout (Snx3-cKO) significantly alleviated cardiomyopathy by downregulating Dox-induced ferroptosis significantly. SNX3 was further demonstrated to exacerbate Dox-induced cardiomyopathy via induction of ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro, and cardiac-specific Snx3 transgenic (Snx3-cTg) mice were more susceptible to Dox-induced ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, SNX3 facilitated the recycling of transferrin 1 receptor (TFRC) via direct interaction, disrupting iron homeostasis, increasing the accumulation of iron, triggering ferroptosis, and eventually exacerbating Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. Overall, these findings established a direct SNX3-TFRC-ferroptosis positive regulatory axis in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy and suggested that targeting SNX3 provided a new effective therapeutic strategy for Dox-induced cardiomyopathy through TFRC-dependent ferroptosis.

Application of ideological and political teaching mode based on 3C model in the experimental course of nursing of endocrine diseases / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of the course ideology and politics teaching model based on the Context-Content-Course (3C) model in the nursing experimental class of endocrine diseases for nursing undergraduates.Methods:From March 2021 to June 2021,168 undergraduates from Class 1 of Chongqing Medical University in Grade 2018 were selected as the experimental group and 163 undergraduates from Class 3 of Nursing as the control group .Taking the humanistic care ability as the entry point of the course ideology and politics education, the experimental group carried out teaching and implement humanistic care education using course ideology and politics teaching mode based on the 3C model; the control group used traditional methods to carry out humanistic care education. After the course, the humanistic care ability, professional self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence of the two groups were compared.Results:After the implementation of the new teaching model, the total scores of humanistic care ability, occupational self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence of the students in the experimental group were 147.55 ± 15.95, 110.13 ± 9.26, and 76.24 ± 8.78, respectively, while those in the control group were 121.16 ± 18.44, 90.45 ± 9.49, and 61.67 ± 12.33, respectively; and the differences of the scores between two groups were statistically significant ( t=13.73, 18.80, 12.24, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The application of the course ideology and politics teaching model based on the 3C model in the nursing experimental class of endocrine diseases is helpful to improve the humanistic care ability, professional self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence of nursing students′ and is conducive to cultivating the comprehensive humanistic qualities of nursing students. It is ansignificant manifestation of accurate course ideology and politics education.

Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation during adrenal vein sampling / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:Aimed to investigate the value of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation in adrenal venous blood sampling (AVS).Methods:Patients who diagnosed as primary aldosteronism (PA) and completed successful bilateral cannulation judged by selection index (SI) for routine and(or) ACTH stimulation AVS were enrolled. The lateralization index(LI) was calculated to compare the effect of ACTH stimulation on AVS cannulation success rate and lateralization judgment.Results:A total of 73 patients with PA were enrolled in the study, of whom 28 were confirmed as aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) after unilateral adrenalectomy. Cortisol and aldosterone in peripheral and adrenal veins were significantly increased after ACTH stimulation. The left SI was increased from 6.5(3.0-13.6) to 26.8 (16.9-40.3) ( P<0.01) and the right SI from 20.8(4.8-34.8) to 57.6(35.7-80.9) ( P<0.01) after ACTH stimulation. There was no significant difference on LI before and after ACTH stimulation [7.7(2.3-19.6) vs 5.6(1.9-14.6), P=0.14]. The success rates of left and right adrenal cannulation were increased by 15% and 10% respectively after ACTH stimulation. For 57 patients who were determined in successful cannulation by both routine and ACTH stimulation AVS, 27 patients were determined to have lateralization by both AVS methods, 21 patients were determined to have bilateralization, and the consistency of lateralization by both AVS methods was 84%(48/57). Among the 28 patients who were confirmed to be APA after unilateral adrenalectomy, the correct rate of lateralization by both AVS methods was 89% (25/28). Conclusion:ACTH stimulation is able to improve the success rate of bilateral adrenal vein cannulation, and is helpful to judge AVS results. For patients with successful cannulation, there is no significant difference in lateralization judgment for routine and ACTH stimulation AVS.

Spermatic venous sampling in assisting the diagnosis of reninoma: One case report and literature review / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

To investigate the renal venous and spermatic venous sampling in assisting the diagnosis of reninoma. The case of reninoma was retrospectively reviewed together with the literature review of reninoma diagnosed with renal venous and spermatic venous sampling. A young patient with hypertension and headache was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory test showed high plasma renin concentration (>500 mIU/L), and enhanced computed tomography(CT) in the upper abdomen showed a mass in left inferior renal pole. The concentration of renin in the left spermatic vein was significantly higher than that in renal veins and branches, and peripheral vein, which was considered the left reninoma possibility. The left renal mass was resected surgically and pathologic exam revealed reninoma. The renin level and the blood pressure recoveried normal after operation.The literature reported that the positive rate of renal vein segmental blood collection for locating renin tumor was only 8.3%-64%. The possible reason was that reninoma usually located in the renal cortex, and the tumor blood might be collected by renal capsule vein instead of renal vein. In fact, the renal capsule vein intersects with the lateral division of the spermatic vein, but there have been no reports about the localization of reninoma by spermatic vein sampling. Since renin secreted by reninoma may go into the spermatic vein through renal capsule vein, it should be noted that spermatic venous blood should be collected simultaneously in renal vein sampling when locating reninoma.

Current status of treatment for osteosarcoma of head and neck / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Head and neck osteosarcoma is a rare tumor. Its clinical features and recurrence pattern are different from those of osteosarcoma in other parts. Osteosarcoma of the head and neck occurs late with a high local recurrence rate and a low distant metastasis rate. Local recurrence is the main cause of death. Surgery is the main treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for patients with positive surgical margin, proximal incisional margin and uncertain surgical margin. The role of chemotherapy remains controversial. Effective molecular targeted therapeutics need to be further explored for recurrent, metastatic and unresectable osteosarcoma, .

Current status of treatment for osteosarcoma of head and neck / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Head and neck osteosarcoma is a rare tumor.Its clinical features and recurrence pattern are different from those of osteosarcoma in other parts.Osteosarcoma of the head and neck occurs late with a high local recurrence rate and a low distant metastasis rate.Local recurrence is the main cause of death.Surgery is the main treatment.Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for patients with positive surgical margin,proximal incisional margin and uncertain surgical margin.The role of chemotherapy remains controversial.Effective molecular targeted therapeutics need to be further explored for recurrent,metastatic and unresectable osteosarcoma,.

A comparative analysis of the mastery of nursing knowledge for patients with deterioration between Chinese and Australian nursing students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the mastery of nursing knowledge for diabetic patients with disease deterioration between Chinese and Australian nursing students and possible influencing factors,and to provide a reference for improving nursing teaching method in China.Methods From May to June,2016,a self-designed online knowledge questionnaire was used to investigate the mastery of clinical emergency knowledge among the third-grade nursing students in Chongqing Medical University in China and Hinders University in South Australia.A total of 303 questionnaires were collected,among which 243 valid questionnaires (164 from Chinese students and 79 from Australian students) were included in statistical analysis,with an effective collection rate of 80.20％.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis,and the paired t-test or the chi-square test was used for data comparison.Results Australian nursing students had a significantly higher score of clinical emergency knowledge than their Chinese counterparts (t=4.115,P=0.000).Compared with the low-score group (score ＜12),the high-score group (score ≥ 12) had a significantly higher proportion of students with a family/medical history of diabetes,clinical experience in diabetes care,or self-learning as the main method (P＜0.05).As for learning method,Australian nursing students tended to use online self-learning (60 students,75.95％) and do assignments (56 students,70.89％) and participate in class discussion (51 students,64.56％),while Chinese students tended to receive theoretical teaching (138 students,84.15％),consult clinical teachers (138 students,84.15％),and receive simulation/experimental teaching (123 students,75.00％).Conclusion Chinese nursing students have lower degrees of willingness for self-learning and mastery of knowledge for disease deterioration than Australian nursing students.Focus on specialized practice,development of online teaching,and cultivation of the awareness and ability for self-learning may help to improve the mastery of clinical emergency knowledge among nursing students.

Experimental study on the effect of sulfotanshinone sodium in lung fibrosis by oleic acid in ALI rats / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of sulfotanshinone sodium in lung fibrosis in ALI rats by intraperitoneal injection. Method The rats were divided into normal group,model group and sulfotan-shinone sodium group randomly.During the experiment,acute lung injury was induced by oleic acid in rats.Sulfo-tanshinone sodium group was treated by intraperitoneal injection of sulfotanshinone sodium for 14 days consecutively. The 12 rats were sacrificed at 7thand 14thday after last administration.The indexes of weight,arterial partial pres-sure of oxygen(PaO2),oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),lung index and wet/dry ratio,IL-1,TNF-α,PCⅢ,TGF-β1 and the lung histopathology of rats were observed. Results There was no difference in rat weight between the groups.The values of PaO2and PaO2/FiO2were increased.The lung index and wet/dry ratio,IL-1,TNF-α,PCⅢ, TGF-β1 and IQA were all reduced. The lung histopathology damage was significantly lightened.as compared with the model group. Conclusion It has treatment effect of sulfotanshinone sodium in lung fibrosis in the ALI rats, which may be related with the adjustment on inflammatory factor.

Dosimetric effects of air cavity on target volume and organs at risk during intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric effects of air cavity on primary tumor and organs at risk (OARs) during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.Methods Nine patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma had CT simulation before treatment and on the 25 fraction of radiotherapy.Radiotherapy plan1 was first created by delineating the target volumes and OARs on the first CT image, which was then copied and merged with the second CT image.Air cavity that was formed following tumor volume regression was delineated on the first CT image, and the density of air cavity was set to zero.A new gross target volume (GTV) was formed by subtracting the air cavity from the original GTV, and the new CT image was named CTAir.Plan2 was then created by calculating the dose distribution on CTAir using the same portals and parameters as Plan1.Assuming that Plan1 and Plan2 were both used throughout the course of radiotherapy, the dosimetric parameters of nasopharyngeal tumor and OARs in the absence and presence of air cavity were then compared using the paired t-test.Results Dmean, D95, D90, D10, and D5 of tumor were significantly higher in plan2 than in plan1(P=0.000, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.005, respectively), with a<0.5 Gy increase in dose.A dose build-up effect was observed within the tumor region posterior to the air cavity, where the highest dose was 1.4 cm posterior to the air cavity, resulting in a dose difference of 0.36 Gy.In addition, D2cc and D1cc of the brain stem were significantly higher in plan2 than in plan1(P=0.036 and 0.044, respectively).Dmax of the optical chiasm, left optical nerve, and right optical nerve were also increased in the presence of air cavity (P=0.438, 0.434, and 0.477, respectively), but the change in dose was<0.12 Gy.Conclusions Air cavity induces a small but negligible increase in the tumor and OARs dose in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during IMRT.However, closer monitoring should be conducted for patients with OARs that is close to or has surpassed tolerance prior to radiotherapy.

Influence of Rapamycin on apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia EU-4 cells induced by Methotrexate / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the influence of Rapamycin (RAPA) on apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia EU-4 cells induced by Methotrexate (MTX).Methods EU-4 cells were pretreated 0.5 h with 5 pμg/L,10 μg/L,25 μg/L,50 μg/L and 100 μg/L RAPA.RAPA untreated group was set up as control group.The cells were collected and the expression of LC-3 was assayed by using Western blot.The apoptosis of EU-4 cells was detected by using flow cytometry (FCM).The effects of different concentrations of RAPA pretreatment on autophagy and apoptosis of EU-4 cells were observed,and the pretreatment concentration of RAPA was determined.EU-4 cells were divided into RAPA pretreatment group and untreated group.The cells were treated with 0.05 μmol/L,0.10 pμmol/L and 0.20 μmol/L MTX for 24 h,respectively.The apoptotic rate was detected by using FCM.Western blot was performed to test the expression of LC-3 protein,while the absorbance(A562) was measured by using microplate reader,and the protein concentration in the sample was calculated according to the standard curve.Results The apoptotic rates of EU-4 cells in the control group and the different concentrations of PAPA pretreatment group showed that the control group,5 μg/L,10 μg/L,25 μg/L,50 μg/L and 100 μg/L RAPA were (7.51 ±0.32)％,(7.33 ±0.41)％,(7.71 ± 0.51) ％,(7.63 ± 0.38) ％,(7.80 ± 0.43) ％ and (16.66 ± 0.87) ％,respectively.The apoptotic rates of EU-4 cells in the 5 μg/L,10 μg/L,25 μg/L and 50 μg/L PAPA pretreatment group had no significant difference from those in the control group(t =0.427,-0.417,-0.297,-3.561,all P ＞ 0.05).The apoptotic rate of EU-4 cells in 100 μg/L PAPA pretreatment group was significantly higher than that in control group,and the difference was significant (t =-28.815,P ＜ 0.01).Combined with the results of Western blot and FCM,50 μg/L was used as the pretreatment of PAPA.The apoptosis rates of EU-4 cells in PAPA pretreatment group were (50.23 ± 2.11) ％,(66.88 ± 2.89) ％ and (73.11 ± 2.67) ％ after treated with 0.05 μmol/L,0.10 μmol/L and 0.20 μmol/L MTX for 24 h,respectively.The apoptotic rates of EU-4 cells in PAPA unpretreatment group were (22.53 ± 1.67) ％,(42.82 ± 2.26) ％ and (53.22 ± 1.93)％ after treated with 0.05 μmol/L,0.10 μmol/L and 0.20 μmol/L MTX for 24 h,respectively.The apoptotic rates of EU-4 cells in RAPA pretreatment group were significantly higher than those in untreated group in the same concentration of MTX treatment after 24 h,and the differences were significant(t =12.693,66.148,14.429;all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion With RAPA pretreatment,relative low dose MTX can induce a great deal of acute lymphoblastic leukemia EU-4 cells apoptosis.

Analysis of related factors of diabetes foot ulcer amputation / 重庆医学

Objective To explore related factors of amputation in patients with diabetes foot ulcer(DFU) and provide the evidence of reducing amputation rate.Methods A total of 307 inpatients with DFU in this hospital from October 2013 to December 2015 were collected and divided into amputation group(n=28) and non-amputation group(n=279).The clinical data and laboratory data were treated with single variable analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Single variable analysis showed that hospitalization time,hyper-sensitive C-reactive(hs-CRP) and fibrinogen(FIB) level were significantly increased in amputation group(P＜0.05) when compared with non-amputation group,and the hemoglobin (Hb) level,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL) and serum albumin (ALB) level in amputation group were markedly lower than in non-amputation group(P＜0.05).Amputation rate was significantly different among different Wagner grades (P=0.000).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hospitalization time,Wagner grade were independent risk factors of amputation in patients with DFU,OR values were 1.024(95％CI:1.009-1.039) and 2.779 (95％CI:1.753-4.404),respectively.While HDL was a protective factor of amputation in patient with DFU (OR=0.161;95％CI:0.036-0.729).Conclusion The higher the rank of Wanger in DFU patients are,the longer hospital stay and the higher amputation risk become.HDL is the protective factor of DFU amputation.

Effect of minimally invasive cacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation on lacrimal duct obstruction / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of lacrimal endoscope assisted minimally invasive lacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Methods 3 cases(4 eyes)of the superior canaliculus obstruction,5 cases(6 eyes)of the inferior canaliculus,20 cases (29 eyes) of common canaliculus and 25 cases (36 eyes) of nasolacrimal duct were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups:Group A(40 eyes)treated with lacrimal endoscope assisted laser lacrimal forming combined with silicone tube implantation and Group B(36 eyes)with lacrimal endoscope assisted laser lacrimal forming combined with silicone tube implantation. The cases were all followed up for 3-6 months after treatment. Results Except the intraoperative bleeding,there were no significant differences in the incidence of various complications. All the eyes could be recanalized under the aid of lacrimal endoscope. The total effective rates were 87.50% and 91.43% in Group A and B,respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Lacrimal endoscope assisted minimally invasive lacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation is a safe,effective,and minimally invasive method to recanalize the lacrimal obstruction.

Effect of minimally invasive cacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation on lacrimal duct obstruction / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of lacrimal endoscope assisted minimally invasive lacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Methods 3 cases(4 eyes)of the superior canaliculus obstruction,5 cases(6 eyes)of the inferior canaliculus,20 cases (29 eyes) of common canaliculus and 25 cases (36 eyes) of nasolacrimal duct were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups:Group A(40 eyes)treated with lacrimal endoscope assisted laser lacrimal forming combined with silicone tube implantation and Group B(36 eyes)with lacrimal endoscope assisted laser lacrimal forming combined with silicone tube implantation. The cases were all followed up for 3-6 months after treatment. Results Except the intraoperative bleeding,there were no significant differences in the incidence of various complications. All the eyes could be recanalized under the aid of lacrimal endoscope. The total effective rates were 87.50% and 91.43% in Group A and B,respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Lacrimal endoscope assisted minimally invasive lacrimal duct recanalization combined with silicone tube intubation is a safe,effective,and minimally invasive method to recanalize the lacrimal obstruction.

Treatment outcome of primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses:an analysis of 52 patients / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment outcome of primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of this disease .Methods The clinical data of 52 patients with primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses who were admitted to our hospital from 2001 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Among these patients, 18 received surgery alone, 31 received surgery combined with radiotherapy ( 24 received surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and 7 received preoperative radiotherapy and surgery ) , and 3 received radiotherapy alone.The surgery+radiotherapy group and the surgery group were matched using propensity score matching.Results The median follow-up was 59 months.The 5-year local control ( LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) of all patients were 49%, 48%, 22%, and 45%, respectively.After matching, the surgery+radiotherapy group had a significantly higher LC than the surgery group (88%vs.43%, P=0.028), but the two groups had similar 5-year DMFS (67%vs.57%, P=0.955), 5-year DFS (58%vs.24%, P=0.131), and 5-year OS (67%vs. 67%, P=0.727 ) .The negative margin rates in the preoperative radiotherapy+surgery subgroup and the surgery+postoperative radiotherapy subgroup were 100%and 50%, respectively ( P=0.004) .Conclusions Surgery combined with radiotherapy can improve the LC rate in patients with primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and preoperative radiotherapy can increase the negative margin rate.

Exploration on technical training courses of diabetic foot among district medical clinical staffs / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To survey the clinical ability of diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot among district medical clinical staffs.Methods 55 medical staffs were questionnaired about the diabetic foot knowledge before and after a technical training course.Results (1) After training,the clinical ability of diabetes physical examination,the features of diabetic foot identification,diabetic foot prevention and treatment,diabetic foot health education and the muhidisciplinary team of diabetic foot organization improved.The medical staffs got to know how to organize a multidisciplinary team of diabetic foot.The difference was significant(P＜0.05).(2)The professional category of medical personnel(OR=19.464,95％ CI=1.837-206.243),the history collection and physical examination of diabetic foot (OR=34.825,95％ CI=3.486-347.875)were the influent factors of antibiotic selection when diabetic foot were infected.Conclusion Targeted diabetic foot training is effective to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment level of district medical staffs.

Mechanism of embryonic stem cells microenvironment enhancing stemness and inhibiting apoptosis of human limbal stem cells / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The fate of adult stem cells is associated with its surrounding microenviroment.Our previous work found that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) micro-environment enhance the stemness of human limbal stem cells (LSCs),but its mechanism has not been elucidated.Objective This study was to explore the molecular mechanism of ESC micro-environment enhancing the stemness and inhibiting the apoptosis of LSCs.Methods Human LSCs were cultured by explant culture method with CnT-20 medium and CnT-20+20％ ES culture supernatant (ESC-CM),respectively.Colony formation assay was used to analyze the proliferation ability of cells.Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) siRNA (19-25nt siRNA) or siRNA (sc-37007) was transfected into the cells of ESCCM group.Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were assayed by flow cytometry,and the expressions of telomerase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TERT siRNA-or siRNA-F-transfected cells by immunofluorescence and flow cytomery.RT-PCR,immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were employed to determine the expressions of p63,ATP-binding cassette transporer G2 (ABCG2),integrin β1 mRNA and proteins and cytokeratin 3 (C K3) in the cells.The levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK),Akt,glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and p21 protein and phosphorylation proteins in the cells were detected by Western blot.Results The LSCs presented an increased proliferative capacity and passaged to the eighth generation with the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of (7.6±0.6) ％ in ESC-CM group,but the cells to the sixth generation with the CFE of (5.6±0.6)％,showing a significant difference between them (t =4.454,P =0.011).The apoptotic rates of the cells from 2 through 6 generations were lower in the ESC-CM group than those in the CnT-20 group (all at P＜0.05).The apoptotic rate of the cells was (7.67± 1.31)％ in the siRNA-F transfected group,which was significantly lower than (32.33 ±3.13)％in the siRNA-TERT transfected group (t =-12.588,P =0.000).No significant differences were seen in the expression levels of p63,ABCG2,integrin β1 mRNA and proteins and TERT protein in the primary cells between the ESC-CM group and the CnT-20 group (all at P＞0.05),but significantly declined expressions of CK3 mRNA and protein were found in the ESC-CM group compared with the CnT-20 group (all at P＜0.01).However,the expressions of p63,ABCG2,integrin β1 mRNA and proteins and TERT protein in the second generation of the cells were significantly higher in the ESC-CM group compared with the CnT-20 group (all at P＜0.01).The telomerase activity was (4.83±0.67) ％ in the siRNA-TERT transfected group,which was significantly lower than (46.71±1.22) ％ of the siRNA-F transfected group (t =52.116,P =0.000).The expression of pFAK,pAkt,pGSK3β proteins were weakened,but the expression of p21 was increased in the ESC-CM group after addition of FAK inhibitor,GSK3β inhibitor and TERT-siRNA transfected group.Mitochondrial membrane potential in the second generation of cells was elevated in the ESC-CM group in comparison with the CnT-20 group and the siRNA-TERT transfected group (all at P＜0.01),and the rates of ROS positively reaction was lower in the ESC-CM group and the siRNA-F transfected group than those of the CnT-20 group and siRNA-TERT transfected group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions ESC-CM culture system can effectively keep the stemness of LSCs and inhibit apoptosis.ESC-CM culture system plays functions probably via telomerase-p21-mitochondrial axis and the activation of the FAK/Wnt signaling pathways.

Treatment of primary sphenoid sinus malignancies:an analysis of 16 patients / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To analyze the treatment outcomes of patients with primary sphenoid sinus malignancies. Methods Sixteen patients with primary sphenoid sinus malignancies admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. No patients were newly diagnosed with cervical lymph node metastasis. One patient had stageⅣA disease, while fifteen had stageⅣB disease. Eleven patients received surgery followed by radiotherapy, one surgery alone, three radiotherapy alone, and one chemotherapy alone. All surgeries were cytoreductive . The median dose of radiotherapy was 69. 96 Gy ( 56.00?80. 56 Gy ) . Results The 3?year local control ( LC) , distant metastasis?free survival ( DMFS) , disease?free survival ( DFS) , and disease?specific survival ( DSS) rates were 67%, 69%, 44%, and 58%, respectively, in all patients, and 67%, 55%, 30%, and 41%, respectively, in patients treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by radiotherapy. All orbital contents and skull base were preserved. In all patients, the local recurrence, distant metastasis, and lymph node recurrence rates were 25%, 37%, and 6%, respectively. There were no independent predictors for the LC and DSS rates based on the prognostic analysis. Conclusions With the orbital contents and skull base preserved, the cytoreductive surgery followed by radiotherapy yields satisfactory outcomes and a low lymph node recurrence rate in the treatment of sphenoid sinus malignancies. The prophylactic irradiation of cervical lymph nodes is not recommended in clinical practice.

The effect of the photon therapeutic apparatus on type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of the photon therapeutic apparatus on type 2 diabetic patients with periph-eral neuropathy .Methods While giving conventional nerve nourishing ,improving microcirculation treatment and nursing ,adjuvant therapy with Carnation-11 photon therapeutic apparatus was applied to one lower limb only of the 20 diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral neuropathy and compare the curative effects by paired observation of the two lower limbs .Results The evaluation score of peripheral neuropathy dropped obviously with ankle reflex and thumb vibration sensation improved greatly after 10 days of treat-ment and remained an unchanged follow -up test 30 days later ,which means the clinical therapeutic effect of the treated limb was significantly superior to the comparison limb .The difference of the curative effects is statistically significant ( P < 0 .05 ) . Conclusion Conventional therapy accompanied by adjuvant treatment of photon therapy can relieve the clinical symptoms and phys-ical signs of diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy ,which could improve curative effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy .

A pilot study on differentiation of human amnion mesenchymal stem cells into ocular surface epithelial cells by co-culture in vitro / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Recent studies indicated that human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) can be induced to differentiate into multiple types of cells in vitro,but whether the hAMSCs can differentiate into ocular surface cells has not been reported yet.Objective This study was to investigate the feasibility of inducing differentiation of hAMSCs into ocular surface cells by co-culturing with human bulbar conjunctiva fibroblasts (hBCFs).Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Second Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.HAMSCs were isolated from placenta under the informed consent of healthy delivery women.hAMSCs were cultured,passaged and identified by detecting the expressions of CD44,CD45,CD73,CD90 in the cells with flow cytometer,osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation experiments.Human conjunctival tissue was obtained during the eye operation under the informed consent of patients and hBCFs were isolated and cultured with explant culture.The cells were divided into the hAMSCs culture group and the hAMSCs and hBCFs co-culture group and cultivated in Transwell chambers for 7 days.The expressions of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the cells were assayed by immnofluorescence technique.Results Cultured hAMSCs showed the slender shape and cell body enlarged with passage.CD44,CD73 and CD90 were expressed in the cells,and the expression of CD45 was absent.After 3-4 weeks of osteogenesis and adipogenic induce,the cells showed red staining for alizarin and oil red O.In the co-culture group of hAMSCs and hBCFs,hAMSCs presented the epithelioid cell-like in shape and showed the positive response for CK19 and weaker response for α-SMA.However,in the hAMSCs culture group,the cells showed the positive response for α-SMA and absent response for CK19.Conclusions The hAMSCs can differentiate into ocular surface cells after being induced by hBCFs.And the differentiation mechanism is possibly relevant to mesenchymal cells epithelium.