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Objective:To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT).Methods:A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ 2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results:A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment.Conclusion:ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.
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Objective To explore the application of limbs and fingers movement combined with moxibustion in patients with PICC catheterization. Methods A total of 346 PICC catheterized patients treated from August 2014 to July 2017 were randomly divided into control group (173 cases) and observation group (173 cases) according to random number table method. The control group was given local hot-wet compression at 3-4 cm of puncture point after 24 h of catheterization, and the observation group was given preventive moxibustion with the direction of the punctured vein at the same site in the control group, and then was given limbs and fingers movement. The levels of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1 (MCP- 1), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) and interleukin- 8 (IL- 8), hemorheological parameters [rate of high and low shear whole blood viscosity (RBV), rate of plasma specific viscosity (RPV), hematocrit (HCT)] and the incidence rates of mechanical phlebitis and venous thrombosis were compared between the two groups after intervention. Results The levels of MCP-1, TNF-αand IL-8 were (53.03±7.86), (85.93±10.72), (54.65±9.23) ng/L in the observation group, (60.27± 8.45), (94.74±11.36), (63.08±10.07) ng/L in the control group, and there were significant differences (t=8.252, 7.419, 8.117, all P<0.05). The levels of high shear RBV, low shear RBV, RPV and HCT were (3.94 ± 0.85) mPa · s, (6.55 ± 1.22) mPa · s, (1.70 ± 0.54) mPa · s and (43.71 ± 4.82)％ respectively in the observation group, (4.18±0.74) mPa·s, (6.97±1.25) mPa·s, (1.92±0.59) mPa·s and (45.13±4.65)％in the control group, and there were significant differences (t=2.789-3.618, P<0.05). The incidence rates of venous thrombosis and phlebitis were 1.16％(2/173) and 5.78％(10/173) respectively in the observation group, 5.78％(10/173) and 13.29％(23/173) in the control group, there were significant differences (χ2=4.230, 5.661, P<0.05). Conclusions Limbs and fingers movement combined with moxibustion can effectively improve the blood flow status, and reduce the occurrence of mechanical phlebitis and venous thrombosis in patients with PICC catheterization.
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Objective@#To explore the role of microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1(MACF1) in the metastasis of gastric cancer.@*Methods@#From 2009 to 2012, at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, the paraffin blocks of gastric cancer and normal tissue adjacent to cancer of 107 patients who received radical gastrectomy were collected. The expression of MACF1 in tissues at protein level was detected by immunohistochemical staining. In 2017, at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, fresh specimens samples of gastric cancer and normal tissue adjacent to cancer of 42 patients who received radical gastrectomy were also collected. The expression of MACF1 at mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MACF1 knockout gastric cell line was established. The effects of MACF1 on cell migration and invasion were verified by wound-healing test and Transwell assay. The effects of MACF1 on cell microtubule and actin were analyzed by filamentous actin (F-actin) staining. T-test, chi-square test and multivariate analysis were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The positive expression rate of MACF1 in gastric carcinoma tissues was 71.0%(76/107), which was significantly higher than that of the corresponding normal tissues adjacent to cancer (22.4%, 24/107), and the difference was significant (t=4.145, P=0.016). The expression of MACF1 at mRNA level in cancer tissues of 42 patients with gastric cancer was 6.463±0.672, which was significantly higher than that of corresponding normal tissue adjacent to cancer (1.727±0.331), and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.326, P<0.01). The differences in positive expression rate of MACF1 in different tumor infiltration depth, different TNM stage and lymph nodes metastasis were statistically significant (χ2=1.170, 7.959 and 5.288; all P<0.01). The five-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MACF1 was 32.9% (25/76), which was significantly lower than that of patients with normal MACF1 expression (64.5%, 20/31), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=25.093, P=0.034). The high expression of MACF1 was an independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival rate in patients with gastric cancer after surgery(hazard ratio (HR)=0.513, 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.411 to 0.922, P=0.038). The results of wound-healing assay showed that at 24 hour after wound the migration ability of MACF1 knockout AGS- MACF1-/- cells was (18.77±3.82)%, which was lower than that of wild type AGS cells ((76.24±5.36)%), and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.249, P=0.014). The migration ability of MACF1 knockout HGC27-MACF1-/-cells was (42.48±7.37)%, which was lower than that of wild type HGC27 cells ((82.35±4.28)%), and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.938, P=0.017). The results of Transwell assay indicated that the number of migration cells of MACF1 knockout AGS-MACF1-/- cells was 87.0±11.0, which was less than that of wild type AGS cells (200.0±16.0), and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.820, P=0.028). The number of migration cells of MACF1 knockout HGC27-MACF1-/-cells was 151.0±13.0, which was less than that of wild type HGC27 cells (268.5±20.5), and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.840, P=0.040). The results of F-actin staining demonstrated that the number of actin filaments of MACF1 knockout AGS-MACF1-/- cells was 216.60±18.09, which was less than that of wild type AGS cells (491.30±5.02), and the difference was statistically significant (t=14.630, P=0.005).@*Conclusions@#The abnormally high expression of MACF1 in gastric cancer tissues may be correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. MACF1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by affecting the formation of F-actin and cell skeleton.
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Objective To explore the role of microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) in the metastasis of gastric cancer.Methods From 2009 to 2012,at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,the paraffin blocks of gastric cancer and normal tissue adjacent to cancer of 107 patients who received radical gastrectomy were collected.The expression of MACF1 in tissues at protein level was detected by immunohistochemical staining.In 2017,at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,fresh specimens samples of gastric cancer and normal tissue adjacent to cancer of 42 patients who received radical gastrectomy were also collected.The expression of MACF1 at mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).MACF1 knockout gastric cell line was established.The effects of MACF1 on cell migration and invasion were verified by wound-healing test and Transwell assay.The effects of MACF1 on cell microtubule and actin were analyzed by filamentous actin (F-actin) staining.T-test,chi-square test and multivariate analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The positive expression rate of MACF1 in gastric carcinoma tissues was 71.0％ (76/107),which was significantly higher than that of the corresponding normal tissues adjacent to cancer (22.4％,24/107),and the difference was significant (t =4.145,P =0.016).The expression of MACF1 at mRNA level in cancer tissues of 42 patients with gastric cancer was 6.463 ±0.672,which was significantly higher than that of corresponding normal tissue adjacent to cancer (1.727 ± 0.331),and the difference was statistically significant (t =6.326,P ＜ 0.01).The differences in positive expression rate of MACF1 in different tumor infiltration depth,different TNM stage and lymph nodes metastasis were statistically significant (x2 =1.170,7.959 and 5.288;all P ＜ 0.01).The five-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MACF1 was 32.9％ (25/76),which was significantly lower than that ofpatients with normal MACF1 expression (64.5％,20/31),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =25.093,P =0.034).The high expression of MACF1 was an independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival rate in patients with gastric cancer after surgery (hazard ratio (HR) =0.513,95％ confidence interval (CI):0.411 to 0.922,P =0.038).The results of wound-healing assay showed that at 24 hour after wound the migration ability of MACF1 knockout AGS-MACF1 / cells was (18.77 ± 3.82) ％,which was lower than that of wild type AGS cells ((76.24 ± 5.36) ％),and the difference was statistically significant (t =6.249,P =0.014).The migration ability of MACF1 knockout HGC27-MACF1-/-cells was (42.48 ± 7.37)％,which was lower than that of wild type HGC27 cells ((82.35-± 4.28) ％),and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.938,P =0.017).The results of Transwell assay indicated that the number of migration cells of MACF1 knockout AGS-MACF1-/-cells was 87.0 ± 11.0,which was less than that of wild type AGS cells (200.0 ± 16.0),and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.820,P =0.028).The number of migration cells of MACF1 knockout HGC27-MACF1-/-cells was 151.0 ± 13.0,which was less than that of wild type HGC27 cells (268.5 ± 20.5),and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.840,P =0.040).The results of F-actin staining demonstrated that the number of actin filaments of MACF1 knockout AGS-MACF1-/-cells was 216.60 ± 18.09,which was less than that of wild type AGS cells (491.30 ± 5.02),and the difference was statistically significant (t =14.630,P =0.005).Conclusions The abnormally high expression of MACF1 in gastric cancer tissues may be correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.MACF1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by affecting the formation of F-actin and cell skeleton.
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Objective To characterise the alterations of serum autoantibodies for cyclinB1,p62,Koc-IMP1 and survivin in the subjects with esophgeal and gastric cardia carcinoma and precancerous lesion and their expres-sions in the esophageal and gastric cardia cancer tissue.Methods Enzyme-linked immunoassay and tumor-associated antigen mini-array (consisting of five full-length recombinant proteins,including eyefinB1-p62-Koc,IMP1 and Survivin)were applied to determine the serum level of the autoantibodies of these antigens on 376 subjects with e-sephageal and gastric cardia carcinoma and precancerous lesions.At the same time,the expression of these antigens was detected by immunohistochemical method(ABC)on 13 patients with esophageal cancer and 16 with gastric car-dia cancer.Results All of the 5 antigens determined,the linear correlation Was observed for the detection frequency of cyclinB1,IMPI and p62 in esophageal carcinogenesis,and for p62 in gastric cardia multi-stage progression from normal to precancerous and cancerous lesions(P<0.05).The detection rale with single positive antoantibody im-munoreactivity for both esophageal and gastric cardia cancers were low.However.the positive detection mte for both esophageal and gastric cardia cancer increased apparently when the multiple positive markers were combined together for analysis,which increased tO 3～5 and 3～4 folds respectively.Furthermore,the difference in autoantibody immu-noreactive rate was significant with the lesion progressed from mild tO severe precancerous lesions and to cancer both in esophageal and gastric cardia cancers(P<0.05).The positive immunoreactions of the 5 antigens were detected in cancer tissues.The positive immunostaining rates for cyclinB1,Koc,IMP1 and Survivin both in esophageal and gastric cardia cancers were higher compared to their serllin positive rate of autoantibodies I P<0.05).Of the pa-tients with positive immunostaining in the two cancer tissues,the autoantibodies in the serum for the corresponding antigens could be detected in the same patient.Conclusion The production of the tumor-associated autoantibodies is related tO antigens.The screening rate through serum tumor-associated antigen mini-array for the patients with e-sophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma and precancerous lesions has been increased apparently with combined analy-sis of multiple autoantibodies than with single one.