LMP2-DC Vaccine Elicits Specific EBV-LMP2 Response to Effectively Improve Immunotherapy in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a vaccine based on latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) modified dendritic cells (DCs) that boosts specific responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to LMP2 before and after intradermal injection in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).@*Methods@#DCs were derived from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with NPC. We prepared LMP2-DCs infected by recombinant adenovirus vector expressing LMP2 (rAd-LMP2). NPC patients were immunized with 2 × 10 @*Results@#We demonstrated that DCs derived from monocytes displayed typical DC morphologies; the expression of LMP2 in the LMP2-DCs vaccine was confirmed by immunocytochemical assay. Twenty-nine patients with NPC were enrolled in this clinical trial. The LMP2-DCs vaccine was well tolerated in all of the patients. Boosted responses to LMP2 peptide sub-pools were observed in 18 of the 29 patients with NPC. The follow-up data of 29 immunized patients from April, 2010 to April 2015 indicated a five-year survival rate of 94.4% in responders and 45.5% in non-responders.@*Conclusion@#In this pilot study, we demonstrated that the LMP2-DCs vaccine is safe and effective in patients with NPC. Specific CTLs responses to LMP2 play a certain role in controlling and preventing the recurrence and metastasis of NPC, which warrants further clinical testing.

A new strategy to intervene tumor metabolism: regulatory targets for amino acid metabolism and advances in drug research / 药学学报

Reprogramming of metabolism is one of the most critical features in tumorigenesis and tumor growth. Many types of cancer show an increased demand for specific amino acids, rely on exogenous supplies, or alter amino acid metabolic pathways, leading to changes in corresponding amino acid levels to meet the need of tumorigenesis. Therefore, if the level of tumor growth-dependent amino acids can be effectively controlled, a new treatment strategy can be developed from the perspective of cell metabolism. At present, remarkable progress has been made in this field. This paper outlines the amino acid metabolic pathways closely related to tumorigenesis and tumor growth, and summarizes the corresponding regulatory mechanisms and active molecules. Finally, the direction of the field is discussed and prospected for future development.

Influence of PRKAG2 gene G100S novel mutation on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity in cardiomyocytes of mice / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of PRKAG2 gene G100S mutation in cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) region on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in cardiomyocytes of mice. Methods A human PRKAG2 (G100S) transgenic mouse model was established. Four-week-old and 12-week-old transgenic mice, and 4-week-old and 12-week-old wildtype littermate were randomly selected from N4 generation mice (n＝6). The activity of AMPK in mouse cardiomyocytes was detected by phosphorylation assay kit. The difference of AMPK activity was compared between transgenic mice and wildtype littermate, and the changes of the activity of AMPK with the increase of age were observed in transgenic mice. Results The AMPK activities in cardiomyocytes of 4-week-old and 12-week-old transgenic mice were significantly lower than those of the wildtype littermate (0.042±0.013 vs 0.063±0.013, and 0.032±0.008 vs 0.062±0.018), and the differences were significant (P＝ 0.019, P＝0.004). There was no significant difference in the AMPK activity of cardiomyocytes between 4-week-old and 12-week-old transgenic mice (P＝0.135). Conclusion The PRKAG2 gene G100S mutation can cause a reduction of AMPK activity in cardiomyocytes of transgenic mice, and AMPK activity does not significantly increase or decrease with the growth of the transgenic mice.

Observation of clinical effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures complicated with intravertebral clefts / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures complicated with intravertebral clefts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 176 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures underwent treatment from January 2013 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were treated by unilateral PVP procedure, 37 patients with intravertebral clefts. Seven cases were excluded according to the standard and 30 patients were internalized in the study. There were 14 males and 16 females, aged from 60 to 93 years old with an average of (77.73±9.33) years. The mean bone mineral density was (-3.16±0.48) SD (ranged from -2.3 to -4.1 SD). The Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) were analyzed before operation and 1 day, 3 months, 1 year after operation. The compression ratio of injured vertebrae was measured by X-ray before operation and 3 days, 3 months after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful and all the patients were followed up more than 1 year. Postoperative at 1 d, 3 months, 1 year, VAS scores were obviously released (2.93±0.83, 2.07±0.58, 1.57±0.68, respectively) than preoperative 7.00±1.41(<0.01);and ODI scores were obviously improved (36.2±4.1, 22.9±6.7, 18.8±5.9, respectively) than preoperative 40.5±3.9(<0.01). Postoperative at 3 days, 3 months, vertebral height percent of injured vertebrae were (79.26±8.57)% , (77.68±8.96)% , respectively, which had obviously improvement compared to preoperative (72.00±12.14)% (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PVP is an effective and reliable method in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures complicated with intravertebral clefts. It can effectively restore the height of the vertebral body, obviously improve the patient's pain and functional status.</p>

Analysis on microstructure and biomechanical properties in different regions of osteoporotic femoral head / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the structure and biomechanical property differences in different regions of the femoral head for elderly patients with femoral neck fractures,and to study its influence on internal fixation for fracture.Methods Twenty femoral head specimens were collected from elderly patients with femoral neck fracture after joint replacement.The femoral head was divided into 3 parts (lateral,inferior and medial region) with reference to anatomical markers on surface of the femoral head.After the position and drilling direction of the ring drill were determined,a circular drill was used to obtain the cylindrical cancellous bone columns with 10 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height.The data of cancellous bone columns in different regions were analyzed by Micro-CT scanning system,including bone volume fraction (BVF),trabecular space (Tb.Sp),trabecular thickness (Tb.Th),the number of trabecular number (Tb.N),the bone surface volume ratio (bone surface/bone volume,BS/BV),structural model index (SMI).Mechanical property differences of bone tissues in different regions were calculated by micro-finite element analysis.Results Bone mass in the elderly osteoporotic femoral head decreased,and there were significant differences in bone microstructure and mechanical properties in different regions of the femoral head.Bone microstructure and mechanical properties in medial region were obviously superior to those in lateral and interior region.Conclusions The bone structure and mechanical strength in medial region of the femoral head are obvious superior to those in lateral and inferior regions.The position for internal fixation should be fully considered during treatment of osteoporotic femoral neck fracture in clinic.

Analysis on microstructure and biomechanical properties in different regions of osteoporotic femoral head / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the structure and biomechanical property differences in different regions of the femoral head for elderly patients with femoral neck fractures,and to study its influence on internal fixation for fracture.Methods Twenty femoral head specimens were collected from elderly patients with femoral neck fracture after joint replacement.The femoral head was divided into 3 parts (lateral,inferior and medial region) with reference to anatomical markers on surface of the femoral head.After the position and drilling direction of the ring drill were determined,a circular drill was used to obtain the cylindrical cancellous bone columns with 10 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height.The data of cancellous bone columns in different regions were analyzed by Micro-CT scanning system,including bone volume fraction (BVF),trabecular space (Tb.Sp),trabecular thickness (Tb.Th),the number of trabecular number (Tb.N),the bone surface volume ratio (bone surface/bone volume,BS/BV),structural model index (SMI).Mechanical property differences of bone tissues in different regions were calculated by micro-finite element analysis.Results Bone mass in the elderly osteoporotic femoral head decreased,and there were significant differences in bone microstructure and mechanical properties in different regions of the femoral head.Bone microstructure and mechanical properties in medial region were obviously superior to those in lateral and interior region.Conclusions The bone structure and mechanical strength in medial region of the femoral head are obvious superior to those in lateral and inferior regions.The position for internal fixation should be fully considered during treatment of osteoporotic femoral neck fracture in clinic.

Testing of validity and reliability of simplified Chinese SF-36v2 scale for evaluating the quality-of-life of people immigrating to high altitude / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of simplified Chinese SF-36v2 questionnaire for assessment of life quality of people immigrating to high altitude at different time periods.Methods Two hundred and forty-eight Chinese young males,aged 16-36 years (mean 22.1 years),immigrating to an altitude of 4520m plateau for 0.3-10.8 years (mean 2.3 years),were selected by cluster sampling methods.The general demographic characteristics questionnaire and simplified Chinese SF-36v2 scale were investigated by self-administered questionnaire.Thirty-four subjects were randomly sampled and re-examined by questionnaire after 4 weeks.Results A total of 252 questionnaires were sent out,and a total of 248 valid questionnaires (98.4％) were collected.The scores of 8 scales in SF-36v2,including physical function (PF),role-physical (RP),bodily pain (BP),general health (GH),vitality (VT),social function (SF),role-emotional (RE) and mental health (MH),were 78.50 ± 15.34,63.30 ± 39.65,70.60 ± 17.69,56.40 ± 18.21,59.10 ± 18.18,85.70 ± 18.90,53.68 ± 41.65,59.35 ± 13.61.The floor effects were 0 except for RP (17.80％) and RE (27.92％) and the ceiling effects were 5.08％,40.11％,3.55％,0,2.54％,9.64％,31.47％,0.The split half reliability of SF-36v2 scale was 0.632-0.800,and the Cranbach's coefficient of α was 0.641-0.824,the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.543-0.848.The success rate of set validity was 100％,and the total discriminant validity success rate was 95.36％.Factor analysis was used to extract 2 principal factors,which could explain 69.5％ of the total variance.Conclusion The simplified Chinese SF-36v2 scale has good internal consistency,reliability and validity,and it can be used to assess the quality of life in different periods.

Clinical Manifestations and Amplitude-integrated Encephalogram in Neonates with Early-onset Epileptic Encephalopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogram (aEEG) characteristics of infants with EOEE with onset within the neonatal period, to make early diagnosis to improve the prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-hundred and twenty-eight patients with neonatal seizure were enrolled and followed up till 1 year old. Sixty-six neonates evolved into EOEE were as the EOEE group, the other 62 were as the non-EOEE (nEOEE) group. Then we compared the clinical and aEEG characteristics between the two groups to analyze the manifestations in neonates with EOEE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the nEOEE group, the incidence of daily seizure attacks, more than two types of convulsions, more than two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) application, severely abnormal aEEG background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detection were significantly higher in the EOEE group (P < 0.05) (97% vs. 54.8%; 30.3% vs. 14.5%; 97.0% vs. 25.4%; 39.4% vs. 3.2%; 57.6% vs. 9.7%; and 56% vs. 3.2%, respectively). Severely abnormal background pattern (odds ratio [OR] = 0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.009-0.729, P = 0.025) and more than two seizures detection by aEEG (OR = 0.158, 95% CI: 0.043-0.576, P = 0.005) were the independent risk factors for the evolvement into EOEE. The upper and lower margins of active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS) were significantly higher in EOEE group than those of the control group (P < 0.05) (34.3 ± 13.6 vs. 21.3 ± 6.4; 9.9 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 2.2; 41.2 ± 15.1 vs. 30.4 ± 11.4; and 11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0; unit: μV, respectively). AS upper margin was demonstrated a higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for EOEE than another three parameters according to the receiver operating characteristic curves; the area under the curve was 0.827.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical characteristics of the neonatal seizure which will evolve into EOEE were more than two AEDs application, high seizure frequency (daily attack), and more than two types of the seizure. Significant high voltage, severely abnormal background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detected on aEEG were the meaningful indicators to the prediction of EOEE.</p>

Recent progress in bracket positioning in orthodontics / 第二军医大学学报

Accurate bracket placement is essential for efficient and ideal orthodontic treatment. Due to the extensive integration of computer technology into orthodontics, computer-aided positioning brackets and variable methods of indirect bonding develop rapidly, aiming to position the brackets more correctly and simply. Compared with direct bonding and indirect bonding based on plaster models, three-dimensional digital maxillofacial-dental models have the advantage of simulating the virtual bracket position and the whole treatment process, predicting the final treatment outcomes, consequently, allowing for more accurate bracket positioning and less chair time. Here we reviewed the recent development of bracket placement, direct and indirect positioning technique in orthodontics.

Comparison of therapeutic effects between drainage blood reinfusion and temporary clamping drainage after total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects between drainage blood reinfusion and temporary clamping drainage after total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to provide a basis for clinical practice. METHODS: Data from 83 patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty were retrospectively analyzed. The 83 patients were divided into a drainage blood reinfusion group (DR group, n = 45) and a temporary clamping drainage group (CD group, n = 38). In the DR group, postoperative drainage blood was used for autotransfusion. In the CD group, closed drainage was adopted, and the drainage tube was clamped for 2 h postoperatively followed by patency. The postoperative drainage amount, hemoglobin level, rate and average volume of allogeneic blood transfusion, swelling and ecchymosis of the affected knee joint, time to straight-leg raising and range of active knee flexion were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The total drainage volume was higher in the DR group than in the CD group (P = 0.000). The average volume of postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion (P = 0.000) and the decrease in the hemoglobin level 24 h after total knee arthroplasty (P = 0.012) were lower in the DR group than in the CD group. Swelling and ecchymosis of the affected knee joint, time to straight-leg raising and the range of active knee flexion were improved in the DR group compared with the CD group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with temporary clamping drainage, drainage blood reinfusion after total knee arthroplasty can reduce the allogeneic blood transfusion volume and is conducive to early rehabilitation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. .

Effect of enoxaparin on clinical events in complicated coronary lesions after percutaneous coronary intervention / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the influence of enoxaparin on clinical events in complicated coronary lesions after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Totally 288 patients with complicated coronary lesions (type B2 and type C), who had no notable complications following PCI, were recruited in the present study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either enoxaparin or not. Patients were assessed for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) during hospitalization and at 1 and 12 months after PCI. Results There were no significant differences in the frequency of MACEs between the two groups during hospitalization (2.1% vs 1.4%, P>0.05), at 1 month (2.8% vs 2.8%, P>0.05) or 12 months post-PCI (5.5% vs 6.3%, P=0.780). The cumulative incidence rates of MACEs were not significantly different between the two groups (HR=0.875, 95%CI 0.337-2.273; P=0.79). The two groups had comparable rates of major bleeding (4.8% vs 2.8%,P=0.369), but that of the minor bleeding was significantly higher in the anticoagulation group (26.2% vs 16.1%, P=0.036). The average hospital stay in the anticoagulation group were significantly longer than that in the non-anticoagulation group ([6.04±1.64] d vs [5.43±1.54] d, P=0.001). Conclusion MACEs after PCI is not increased in patients with complicated coronary lesions receiving no anticoagulation compared with those receiving, with less minor bleeding and shorter hospital stay, suggesting that for the patients with complicated coronary lesions, routine anticoagulation therapy is not necessary after PCI without procedure complications.

Evaluation of performance of the machine vision based on microscope / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate performance of the AVE‐766 automated urine sediment analyzer(AVE‐766) based on the ma‐chine vision for detecting erythrocytes(RBCs) ,leukocytes(WBCs) ,epithelial cells(ECs)and CASTs in urine specimen .Methods The within‐run variable coefficients(CVs) ,linearities and carryover rates for RBC ,WBC ,EC ,and CAST in urine specimens detected by using the AVE‐766 were analyzed ,the results of RBC ,WBC ,EC ,and CAST count in urine specimens detected by using AVE‐766 and Fast‐Read102 counting plate(Fast‐Read102) were compared .Results The within‐run CVs for RBC ,WBC ,EC ,and CAST detected by using AVE‐766 and Fast‐Read102 were increased by decreases of concentration of urine sediment .Good linearities (R2 >0 .97 ,P<0 .05) were observed for RBC(in the range of 60 -1 255/μL) ,WBC(in the range of 68 -2 718/μL) ,EC(in the range of 28-296/μL) and CAST(in the range of 5-86/μL) detected by using the AVE‐766 .The carryover rates for RBC ,WBC , EC ,and CAST detected by using AVE‐766 was 0 .9% or less .The values detected by using AVE‐766 were correlated well with those detected by using Fast‐Read102 for RBC ,WBC ,and EC in urine specimens(0 .67< r<0 .75) .However ,for CAST ,the values detected by using AVE‐766 were poorly correlated with those detected by using Fast‐Read102(r=0 .183) .There were statistically significant differences between manual and automated urinalysis for RBC ,WBC ,EC ,and CAST in urine specimens(P<0 .05) .Con‐clusion The AVE‐766 could not take over microscopic examination ,only is suitable for the first screening to detect RBC ,WBC , EC ,and CAST in urine specimen .

The antifungal study of antibacterial peptide MUC7 combined with Bifidobacterium in vitro / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the cooperative antifungal effect of antibacterial peptide MUC7 combined with Bifidobacte‐ria in vitro .Methods The antifungal effect was observed and measured by viable count and the Oxford cup method .Results Two methods exhibited more potent antifungal effect on Candida albicans ,Candida albicans ,Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis in MUC7 combined with Bifidobacteria group .The colonies′numbers in MUC7 combined with Bifidobacteria group were 2 .00 ± 1 .13 , 2 .00 ± 1 .42 ,5 .00 ± 2 .03 ,2 .00 ± 1 .39 respectively by viable counting ,which was lower than thoes in the saline group and Bifidobacterium group (P<0 .01) ,these two groups were significant lower than those in MUC7 group (P<0 .05);the inhibition zone in MUC7 combined with Bifidobacteria group were (29 .00 ± 2 .17) ,(31 .00 ± 3 .25) ,(29 .00 ± 2 .89) ,(30 .00 ± 3 .36)mm de‐tected by the Oxford cup method ,which showed a significantly difference with the saline group ,Bifidobacterium group and MUC7 group(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Antibacterial peptide MUC7 combined with Bifidobacterium exhibits good antifungal effect which may provide a foundation for the further research on a new generation of antifungal Bifidobacterium preparation .

Genetic and environmental effects on the bone development of the hand and wrist in Chinese young twins / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

We assessed genetic and environmental effects on bone development of the hand and wrist, and on key anthropometric measures in Chinese young twins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotic twin pairs aged from 5 to 18 years were recruited. The twin correlations of total hand and wrist scores for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were 0.71 and 0.36, respectively. Bivariate model analysis showed moderate genetic correlations only for total skeletal maturity vs. weight and total skeletal maturity vs. waist circumference (r, 0.51 and 0.46, respectively). Our findings demonstrated that genetic factors played important roles in bone development of the hand and wrist in Chinese young twins, and that these genetic effects might be distinct from those influencing anthropometric measures.

Antibacterial effect of grape peel procyani residudins on common clinical bacteria / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the antibacterial effect of grape peel residue procyanidins on common clinical bacteria ,inclu‐ding E .coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,Enterococcus and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (M R‐SA) .Methods By the means of agar plate method ,we detected the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30 strains of E .co‐li ,28 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,15 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii ,32 strains of Feces Enterococcus ,25 strains of E . faecalis and 70 strains of MRSA ,then calculate the MIC50 and MIC90 .The result was analyzed with SPSS software 16 .0 .Results The concentration of procyanidins at 3 -8 mg/mL had no inhibitory effect on E .coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii;there was no inhibitory effect on E .faecalis at 3-8 mg/mL ,but the inhibition rate to Feces Enterococcus was 6 .3% .By measuring the inhibitory effect of procyanidins on 70 MRSA ,the inhibition rate at 4 mg/mL was 65 .7% ,at 8 mg/mL was 95 .7% , MIC50 was 4 .221 mg/mL and MIC90 was 6 .260 mg/mL .Conclusion There are no inhibitory effects of grape peel residue procya‐nidins on Gram‐negative bacilli such as E .coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,and there are certain inhibitory effects on Gram‐positive bacteria such as MRSA ,enterococci ,especially on MRSA (P<0 .05) .

STXBP1 gene mutation in newborns with refractory seizures / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between STXBP1 gene mutations and refractory seizures with unknown causes in newborns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The coding region of STXBP1 gene was detected using direct Sanger sequencing in 11 newborns with refractory seizures of unknown causes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>STXBP1 gene mutation was found in 1 out of 11 patients. It was a missense mutation: c.1439C>T (p.P480L).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>STXBP1 gene mutation can be found in neonatal refractory seizures of unknown causes, suggesting a new approach of further research of this disease.</p>

Impact of 60 days of 6° head down bed rest on cardiopulmonary function, and the effects of Taikong Yangxin Prescription as a countermeasure / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes in cardiopulmonary function induced by mid/long-term simulated microgravity with 6° head down bed rest (HDBR), and the effects of Taikong Yangxin Prescription (, TYP) as a countermeasure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into a control group and a Chinese medicine (CM) group (7 in each group) by a random digital table based on their body weight. Both groups underwent 6° HDBR for 60 days. Subjects in the CM group received daily TYP pills and subjects in the control group received daily placebo pills. Cardiac systolic and pumping functions were measured by echocardiography before HDBR; on days 20, 42, and 57 of HDBR; and on day 3 of recovery after HDBR (R+3). Cardiopulmonary functional reserve and exercise capacity were evaluated before HDBR, on day 29, and on day R+3 by exercise testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The heart rate (HR) increased gradually during HDBR. The HR was significantly higher on day 57 than before HDBR in the control group (P<0.05), but did not increase significantly in the CM group. The stroke volume/stroke volume index, ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening tended to decrease over time in the control group, but not in the CM group. These parameters were significantly higher in the CM group than in the control group on day 42 (P<0.05 or <0.01). Exercise testing showed that maximum O2 consumption (VO2max), metabolic equivalents, relative O2 consumption (VO2), O2 pulse, and exercise duration were significantly lower on day 29 than before HDBR in the control group, but not in the CM group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sixty days of 6° HDBR induced a reduction in cardiac systolic and pumping functions, and reduced cardiopulmonary functional reserve and exercise capacity. Administration of TYP significantly improved cardiac systolic and pumping functions, and maintained cardiopulmonary functional reserve and exercise capacity.</p>

Research progress on hereditary fibrinogen abnormalities / 中国实验血液学杂志

As the most abundant component of coagulation system, fibrinogen not only takes part in clotting, but also works as one of acute phase proteins, which participates in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies of fibrinogen abnormalities contribute to understand the molecular basis of disorders of fibrinogen protein function and metabolism, caused mainly by gene mutation, commonly associated with bleeding, thrombophilia, or both. Diseases affecting fibrinogen could be classified to the acquired or inherited disease. In this review, the research progress on the molecular basis, possible action mechanism of the hereditary fibrinogen abnormalities and its clinical research are summarized.

Reference interval for hemoglobin A1c in healthy adults in northeast Sichuan area / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To establish reference interval of hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) determined in healthy adults in northeast Si-chuan .Methods Venous blood was pumped from 494 individuals without previously diagnosed diabetes and other critical illness . The HbA1c level ,blood routine examination ,blood lipids ,fasting plasma glucose ,liver and kidney function were measured . Reference value of HbA1c was determined by 95% confidence interval through the mean of HbA1c .Results The HbA1c level took on normal distribution in 494 healthy individuals ,and the reference interval was 4 .482% -6 .012% .There was no statistical signifi-cance of HbA1c level between different genders(t= -0 .905 ,P= 0 .366) .The levels of HbA1c in 20 - < 35 years old people , 35- <65 years old people and ≥65 years old people were(5 .109 ± 0 .150)% ,(5 .224 ± 0 .122)% ,(5 .444 ± 0 .125)% ,and the differences were statistically significant among different age group(P<0 .05) .The HbA1c level and age were positively correlated (r=0 .338 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion It is necessary to establish appropriate reference intervals of HbA1c for different laboratories or areas .

Effects of danshen injection on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes cultured with human serum / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Danshen Injection (DSI) on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA FLSs) cultured in RA patients' serum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The RA FLSs harvested from RA patients' synovial fluid were primarily cultured by routines. The cells were cultured with 10% inactivated human serum (the healthy human serum and the RA patients' serum) for 24 h. Then DSI at the final concentration of 0. 4 mg/mL was added in the cells for further 24 h culture. By taking 10% fetal calf serum as the control, the morphological changes were observed under optical microscope. The proliferation was analyzed by MTT. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The total RNA was extracted and reverse transcription was performed. The Bax mRNA expression was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) After human serum was added in the healthy human serum and RA patients' serum, cells could grow adhering to the wall. Compared with the fetal calf serum group (FCS), the cell density was higher in the healthy human serum group than in the fetal calf serum group, with no obvious morphological changes. (2) MTT results showed that, compared with the fetal calf serum group, the absorbance value (OD) obviously increased in the healthy human serum group and the RA patients' serum group, showing statistical difference (P <0.01). After adding DSI at the final concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, cells from different serums were inhibited to various degrees (with OD significantly decreased, P <0.05). The OD value significantly increased more in the healthy human serum group and the RA patients' serum group than in the fetal calf serum group, showing statistical difference (P <0.01). There was statistical difference between the healthy human serum group and the RA patients' serum group (P <0.01). (3) The apoptosis rate in the RA patients' serum group obviously decreased with statistical difference, when compared with the Salvia miltiorrhiza free fetal calf serum group (P >0. 01). The apoptosis rate in the fetal calf serum group and the RA patients' serum group significantly increased after adding 0.4 mg/mL Salvia miltiorrhiza, showing statistical difference when compared with the Salvia miltiorrhiza free fetal calf serum group and the Salvia miltiorrhiza free RA patients' serum group (P <0.05). The FLSs were effected by 0.4 mg/mL Salvia miltiorrhiza, the apoptosis rate significantly decreased in the healthy human serum group and the RA patients' serum group, showing statistical difference when compared with the fetal calf serum group (P <0. 05, P <0.01). (4) The expression of Bax gene significantly increased in the RA patients' serum group and the fetal calf serum group after action of 0.4 mg/mL Salvia miltiorrhiza, showing statistical difference (P <0. 01). When 0.4 mg/mL Salvia miltiorrhiza was added, the expression of Bax mRNA obviously increased in the healthy human serum group and the RA patients' serum group, showing statistical difference when compared with the fetal calf serum group (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) Although healthy human serum can be favorable to the growth of RA FLSs, the fetal calf serum could reflect the actual results better in the cyto biological research on specific diseases (if there is no serum from patients with corresponding disease). (2) DSI could inhibit the proliferation of RA FLSs through promoting their apoptosis.</p>