Analysis of chemical ingredients of modified Shenqi Dihuang decoction by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS / 药学实践杂志

Objective To analyze the chemical compounds of Shenqi Dihuang decoction by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with linear quadrupole ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Methods Warters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used as chromatographic column with mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid water (A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution, and flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. Electrospray ion source (ESI) and an electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass analyzer were adopted, which was used to collect mass spectrometry fragment information with positive and negative ion modes, by comparing with the relative retention time of the reference substance. In addition, the fragment information of the mass spectrum was used to identify the compounds. The accurate identification of the chemical components in Shenqi Dihuang decoction was confirmed with literature. Results The study found that UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology could be used to identify 62 chemical components, including 13 aromatic acids, 9 flavonoids, 8 saponins, and 5 aromatic amines, 3 keto acids, 2 phenols, 1 aromatic quinone and other ingredients in Shenqi Dihuang decoction. Conclusion The identification analysis method in this study was efficient and accurate, which could be applied to the identification and analysis of chemical components in Shenqi Dihuang decoction and provided the important experimental data for the research on the material basis and mechanism.

Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy with spermatic cord double traction and vein stripping / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We retrospectively reviewed data for 286 patients with varicocele who underwent microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy from March 2015 to May 2017 in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China). In this surgical approach, the testis was delivered, and the gubernacular and external cremasteric veins were stripped. In addition, the spermatic cord was delivered downward with continuous double traction away from the external ring. The remaining procedure was similar to the conventional approach. We followed patients for at least 3 months and evaluated postoperative semen parameters, pain symptoms, and complications. We excluded data for 32 men due to inadequate follow-up (<3 months). Of the remaining 254 patients, 73 had oligoasthenospermia, 121 had nonobstructive azoospermia, and 60 had symptomatic varicoceles. Total progressive sperm counts increased in the oligoasthenospermic patients from a median preoperative value of 9.15 × 106 ml-1 to 25.33 × 106 ml-1 (n= 34), and 35.6% (26/73) initially oligoasthenospermic men contributed to unassisted pregnancies. Sperm returned to the ejaculate in 12.4% (15/121) azoospermia patients. In patients with scrotal pain (n = 60), 43 (71.7%) reported complete resolution of pain, 16 (26.7%) reported partial resolution, and 1 (1.7%) reported no change. No patients experienced varicocele recurrence. This double-traction strategy avoids opening the external oblique aponeurosis, and results in less damage and faster recovery. In addition, the stripping strategy eliminates potential damage to the testis caused by the varicose veins. Our results showed that microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy using spermatic cord double traction in conjunction with testicular delivery for vein stripping is a safe and effective approach for varicocele repair.

Identification of chemical components and monosaccharide assay in Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton / 药学实践杂志

Objective To analyze and identify the chemical components in the Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS), and to determine the contents of monosaccharides accurately. Methods The extract of Nr-CWS was separated and analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method. The chemical components were quickly identified by matching the data with the information in the Metlin database. The monosaccharide contents in the Nr-CWS extract were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS method after derivatization. Results A total of 64 chemical components were identified in the extract of Nr-CWS, including amino acids, monosaccharides and so on. A assay method for 8 monosaccharides by UHPLC-MS/MS was successfully established. The content of arabinose in Nr-CWS was the highest, followed by galactose, which indicated that the main polysaccharide components in Nr-CWS may be composed of these monosaccharides. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the main chemical components of Nr-CWS, which are amino acids, fatty acids and so on. The content of monosaccharide after polysaccharide hydrolysis was determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. This will lay a foundation for the screening of the active components of Nr-CWS and the study of its pharmacological mechanism.

Surveillance of Oncomelania hupensis distribution and water levels in Gaoyou sections of the eastern route project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project following operation of the project / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails and changes of water levels in Gaoyou sections of the Li Canal following the operation of the eastern route project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Methods The Oncomelania snails were monitored in the river banks and water bodies of Gaoyou sections of the Li Canal by means of systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling as well as collection of the floaters from 2014 to 2019, and the water levels were collected in Gaoyou sections of the Li Canal at the typical hydrological year before the operation of the eastern route project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and during the period between 2016 and 2019. Results A total area of 235.42 hm2 were investigated and a total of 75.8 kg floaters were collected in Gaoyou sections of the Li Canal from 2014 to 2019; however, no snails were found. The water level in Gaoyou sections of the Li Canal was predominantly high in the flood season and low in the dry season before the operation of the eastern route project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the water level was elevated in the dry season and relatively low in the flood season after the operation of the project. Conclusion Following the operation of the eastern route project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the original river bank that is characterized by “land in winter and water in summer” has changed in Gaoyou sections of the Li Canal, which is not favorable for snail breeding.

Modified stepwise mini-incision microdissection testicular sperm extraction: a useful technique for patients with a history of orchidopexy affected by non-obstructive azoospermia / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), which is defined as the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate secondary to impaired spermatogenesis within the testis, may be caused by a variety of etiologies, including varicocele-induced testicular damage, cryptorchidism, prior testicular torsion, post-pubertal mumps orchitis, gonadotoxic effects from medications, genetic abnormalities, chemotherapy/radiation, and other unknown causes currently classified as idiopathic (Cocuzza et al., 2013). The microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) technique involves a meticulous microsurgical exploration of the testicular parenchyma to identify and selectively extract larger seminiferous tubules that carry a higher probability of complete spermatogenesis (Schlegel, 1999). The Cornell group evaluated the efficacy of micro-TESE in 152 NOA patients with an associated history of cryptorchidism. In their series, spermatozoa were successfully retrieved in 116/181 attempts (64%), and the resulting pregnancy rate was 50% with a delivery rate of 38% (Dabaja and Schlegel, 2013). Franco et al. (2016) described a stepwise micro-TESE approach in NOA patients, which was considered to reduce the cost, time, and effort associated with the surgery. Alrabeeah et al. (2016) further reported that a mini-incision micro-TESE, carried through a 1-cm equatorial testicular incision, can be useful for micro-TESE candidates, particularly in patients with cryptozoospermia. We conducted a retrospective study of 20 consecutive NOA patients with a history of orchidopexy from May 2015 to March 2017.

Clinical investigate of functional exercise immediate after operation for Achilles tendon rupture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate clinical effect of partly weight-bearing walking and functional exercise immediatly after operation for Achilles tendon rupture(ATR) on function of ankle joint and rate of fragmentation of Achilles tendon, through comparing effect of partly weight-bearing walking and functional exercise immediatly at 2 weeks after operation for Achilles tendon rupture.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four patients with ATR selected from March 2012 to March 2013 were randomly divided into two groups. There were 34 patients in treatment group, including 18 males and 16 females with an average age of 41.4±7.6, they began to do functional exercise and walk on fields with partly weight-bearing at two days after operation; there were 30 patients in control group, including 16 males and 14 females with an average age of 39.9±7.6, and they were immobilized with plaster in plantar flexion at two weeks after operation, and started to do functional exercise and walk on fields with partly weight-bearing at two weeks after operation. Two groups were performed by the same doctor with the same operation. The rate of fragmentation of Achilles tendon, and AOFAS score and complications between two groups were observed and compared.@*RESULTS@#AOFAS score in treatment group at two weeks after operation was 74.3±3.9, which in control group was 71.7±4.2, and had statistical differences between two groups; AOFAS score in treatment group at one year after operation was 93.3±3.9, which in control group was 92.0±4.1, and had no statistical significance. No Achilles tendon fragmentation in treatment group occurred at three years after operation, and 1 patient occurred in control group. Two patients in treatment group occurred complications after operation, and 1 patient occurred in control group, however, there was no statistical significance between two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Functional exercise immediate after operation for Achilles tendon rupture(ATR) patients in the early days, the AOFAS scores is higher than the fixing for two weeks, and does not increase the rate of fragmentation of Achilles tendon and complication after operation, and benefits for function recovery.

Preliminary application experience of GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter during complex coronary percutaneous coronary intervention procedure / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter during complex coronary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods A total of 13 patients were included in the studywho presented with complex coronary lesions during PCI. Stents or balloons could not be delivered to these complex lesions with conventional approach and GuidezillaTM guide extension catheters were used. Results Among these 13 patients,there were 7 CTO lesions,7 calcified lesions, 6 tortuous lesions,8 diffuse lesions,8 distal lesions and 8 lesions with pre-existing stents. PCI success rate was 100% .In one patient,GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter was obstructed which were relieved after stent implantation. There was no major adverse cardiac event(MACE) during follow-up.Conclusions The GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter was safe and effective for PCI of complex coronary artery lesions.

Preliminary application experience of GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter during complex coronary percutaneous coronary intervention procedure / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter during complex coronary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods A total of 13 patients were included in the studywho presented with complex coronary lesions during PCI. Stents or balloons could not be delivered to these complex lesions with conventional approach and GuidezillaTM guide extension catheters were used. Results Among these 13 patients,there were 7 CTO lesions,7 calcified lesions, 6 tortuous lesions,8 diffuse lesions,8 distal lesions and 8 lesions with pre-existing stents. PCI success rate was 100% .In one patient,GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter was obstructed which were relieved after stent implantation. There was no major adverse cardiac event(MACE) during follow-up.Conclusions The GuidezillaTM guide extension catheter was safe and effective for PCI of complex coronary artery lesions.

Analysis of endemic status of schistosomiasis in Gaoyou City from 1970 to 2009 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the changing rule of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Gaoyou City,so as to provide the evidences for schistosomiasis control in lake and marshland regions. Methods The endemic data of schistosomiasis of Gaoy?ou City from 1970 to 2009 were collected to analyze the endemic patterns of schistosomiasis in different control stages compre?hensively. Results In the first years of infection control stage(1970-1975),transmission control stage(1976-1994)and transmission interruption stage(1995-2009),the prevalence rates of schistosomiasis were 4.20%,0.80%and 0 in human and 3.00%,0.51%and 0 in cattle respectively. In 1984,the positive rate of crowd stool tests fell to 0.04%,which was reduced by 99.05%compared with that in 1970. From 1970 to 1980,the positive rates of stool tests of people and livestock were positively correlated significantly(r=0.67,P<0.05). After 1985,no local infection patients or cattle were found. No schistosome infect?ed Oncomelania hupensis snails were found from 1970 to 2009. Conclusion The comprehensive control measures have been insisted in Gaoyou City in different prevention and control stages. Although the snail situation is undulate,the prevalence of schistosomiasis steadily declines and the interruption of transmission has achieved.

In vivo pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid B and its metabolite in rats / 中草药

Objective: A rapid and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and its main active metabolite danshensu(DSS) in rat plasma. Methods: The analytes were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate after IS (IS, chloramphenicol) spiked. The separation was performed on a Symmetry C18 column with methanol-acetonitrile-0.5% formic acid (55:5:40) as mobile phase at a flowrate of 0.4 mL/min. The triple quadrupole LC-MS system was operated under selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode using the electrospray ionization technique in negative mode. Quantification was performed using SRM of the transitions m/z 717→519 for Sal B, 197→135 for DSS, and 321→152 for the IS, respectively. Results: The nominal retention times for Sal B, DSS , and IS were 3.12, 2.60, and 3.98 min, respectively. The standard calibration curve for spiked rat plasma containing Sal B was linear over the range 10-5 000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r >0.995). And DSS was linear over the range 5-5000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r>0.995). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of Sal B and DSS of the method were 10 and 5 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay were less than 12.6%. After Sal B was ig administered to rats, absorption of Sal B was rapidly metabolized to DSS. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Sal B and DSS after ig administration Sal B to Wistar rats were: Cmax (1.21±0.31) and (0.27±0.05) μg/mL, tmax (0.50±0.00) and (0.56±0.18) h, t1/2 (1.20±0.11) and (1.57±0.16) h, AUC0-1 (1.31±0.30) and (0.39±0.05) μg·mL-1·h. Conclusion: This method has been applied successfully to a pharmacokinetic study of Sal B and its metabolite DSS involving the ig administration of Sal B to rats.

Observation on therapeutic effect of medicinal moxa stick moxibustion for treatment of tinea pedis / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of using medicinal moxa stick moxibustion for treatment of tinea pedis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty-four cases were randomly divided into a medicinal moxa stick group (MMS), a moxa stick group (MS) and a Nitramisole cream group (NC) (n = 48 in each group). The moxibustion method was applied in both MMS group and MS group. The Nitramisole cream was applied in NC group. The treatment course was lasted for 21 days. The symptoms of patients with tinea pedis were recorded and scored before and after the treatment course, the effectiveness was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rates were 89.59% and 81.25% in the MMS group and the MS group, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the total effective rate in these two groups were better than that of NC group (70.84%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The therapeutic effect of medicinal moxa stick moxibustion is better than that of moxa stick moxibustion or Nitramisole cream.</p>

Localization of sentinel lymph node with radionuclide in clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the characteristic of the radioactive lymph node with metastatic disease and to explore the method of the localization of sentinel lymph node (SLN) with radionuclide in N0 clinically laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourty-five patients with T1-T4 and clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer were recruited. For each patient a peritumoral submucosal injection of 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid (99mTc-SC) was performed and lymph node mapping was performed by lymphoscintigraphy two hours afterward. The SLN was localized by a handheld gamma probe intraoperatively 10-12 hours after the injection. All hot lymph nodes accumulating activity were harvested and initially termed sentinel nodes. Selective neck dissections were performed for all patients. The specimen of SLN was sent to the pathologist for the following analysis: formal paraffin embedded section, consecutive section and immunohistochemistry assay. The results was compared to the remaining lymphadenectomy specimen. Resection of the primary tumour depended on the location and the T classification.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SLNs were identified in 41 of 45 patients with 51 necks, SLNs had occult metastases in 13 cases, 15 necks with SLN-positive of these 13 cases, there was one false negative case, they were found in non-SLNs of neck specimens. Each neck side was considered a single case. SLN identification rate was 92.7%, sensitivity was 93.7%, false-negative rate was 6.3%, and accuracy was 98.0%. In 11 (73.3%) of these SLN-positive necks, the SLN with the highest counts contained tumor; harvesting the first-three nodes with the highest radioactive counts, which could all patients with occult metastatic disease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Excision of the first-three SLNs with the highest radioactive counts can accurately judge the presence or absence of the cervical lymph nodes metastases in patients with the clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.</p>

Cloning of the Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto chitinase (Schi) gene and characterization of its protein

Chitinase plays a positive role in the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to insect pests. We used touchdown PCR to clone the chitinase (Schi) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto (Bt sotto) chromosomal DNA. Our DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the Bt sotto Schi gene consists of an open reading frame (ORF) of 2067 nucleotides with codes for the chitinase precursor. We also found that the putative promoter consensus sequences (the -35 and -10 regions) of the Bt soto Schi gene are identical to those of the chiA71 gene from Bt Pakistani, the chiA74 gene from Bt kenyae and the ichi gene from Bt israelensis. The Schi chitinase precursor is 688 amino acids long with an estimated molecular mass of 75.75 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.74, and contains four domains, which are, in sequence, a signal peptide, an N-terminal catalytic domain, a fibronectin type III like domain and a C-terminal chitin-binding domain. Sequence comparison and the evolutionary relationship of the Bt sotto Schi chitinase to other chitinase and chitinase-like proteins are also discussed