Interpretation for indications of metabolic and bariatric surgery released by ASMBS and IFSO in 2022 / 中华胃肠外科杂志

With the increasing number of obese patients worldwide, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has quickly become an effective way to treat obesity and related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, etc. Although MBS has become an important part of general surgery, there is still controversy regarding the indications for MBS. In 1991, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued a statement on the surgical treatment of severe obesity and other related issues, which continues to be the standard for insurance companies, health care systems, and hospital selection of patients. The standard no longer reflects the best practice data and lacks relevance to today's modern surgeries and patient populations. After 31 years, in October 2022, the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO), the world's leading authorities on weight loss and metabolic surgery, jointly released new guidelines for MBS indications, based on increasing awareness of obesity and its comorbidities and the accumulation of evidence of obesity metabolic diseases. In a series of recommendations, the eligibility of patients for bariatric surgery has been expanded. Specific key updates include the following: (1) MBS is recommended for individuals with BMI≥35 kg/m2, regardless of the presence, absence, or severity of co-morbidities; (2) MBS should be considered for individuals with metabolic diseases and BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; (3) the BMI threshold should be adjusted for the Asian population:: BMI≥25 kg/m2 suggest clinical obesity, and BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 population should consider MBS; (4) Appropriately selected children and adolescents should be considered for MBS.

Detection of BCR-ABL Fusion Gene in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Novel Digital PCR / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a new digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) system for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion gene in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and explore its analytical performance and clinical applicability in the detection of BCR-ABLp190/210/230.@*METHODS@#A new dPCR system for detecting BCR-ABLp190/210/230 was successfully developed, and its sensitivity difference with qPCR and improvement of drug side effects in patients with CML during drug reduction or withdrawal were compared.@*RESULTS@#Among 176 samples, qPCR and dPCR showed high consistency in the sensitivity of detecting BCR-ABL (82.39%), and the positive rate of dPCR was about 5 times higher that of qPCR (20.45% vs 3.98%). During follow-up, blood routine (25% vs 10%), kidney/liver/stomach (25% vs 20%) and cardiac function (10% vs 0) were significantly improved after drug reduction or withdrawal in patients with initial dPCR negative compared with before drug reduction or withdrawal.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This new dPCR detection system can be applied to the detection of BCR-ABLp190/210/230. It has better consistency and higher positive detection rate than qPCR. Drug withdrawal or dose reduction guided by dPCR has a certain effect on improving drug side effects.

Efficiency and safety analysis of Plerixafor combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and safety of Plerixafor in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization of lymphoma. Methods: Lymphoma patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone were obtained. The clinical data, the success rate of stem cell collection, hematopoietic reconstitution, and treatment-related adverse reactions between the two groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 184 lymphoma patients were included in this analysis, including 115 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (62.5%) , 16 cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (8.7%) , 11 cases of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6.0%) , 10 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (5.4%) , 6 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (3.3%) , and 6 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 6 cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 4 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (2.2%) , 8 cases of other types of B-cell lymphoma (4.3%) , and 2 cases of other types of T-cell lymphoma (1.1%) ; 31 patients had received radiotherapy (16.8%) . The patients in the two groups were recruited with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. The baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups were basically similar. The patients in the Plerixafor in combination with the G-CSF mobilization group were older, and the number of recurrences and third-line chemotherapy was higher. 100 patients were mobilized with G-CSF alone. The success rate of the collection was 74.0% for one day and 89.0% for two days. 84 patients in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were recruited successfully with 85.7% for one day and 97.6% for two days. The success rate of mobilization in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was substantially higher than that in the group of G-CSF alone (P=0.023) . The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the mobilization group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was 3.9×10(6)/kg. The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the G-CSF Mobilization group alone was 3.2×10(6)/kg. The number of CD34(+) cells collected by Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was considerably higher than that in G-CSF alone (P=0.001) . The prevalent adverse reactions in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were grade 1-2 gastrointestinal reactions (31.2%) and local skin redness (2.4%) . Conclusion: The success rate of autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma patients treated with Plerixafor combined with G-CSF is significantly high. The success rate of collection and the absolute count of CD34(+) stem cells were substantially higher than those in the group treated with G-CSF alone. Even in older patients, second-line collection, recurrence, or multiple chemotherapies, the combined mobilization method also has a high success rate of mobilization.

Comparison of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes in infertile men with spermatogenic impairment of differing severity / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The extent of spermatogenic impairment on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes and the risk of major birth defects have been little assessed. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between various spermatogenic conditions, sperm origin on ICSI outcomes, and major birth defects. A total of 934 infertile men attending the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Ren Ji Hospital (Shanghai, China) were classified into six groups: nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA; n = 84), extremely severe oligozoospermia (esOZ; n = 163), severe oligozoospermia (sOZ, n = 174), mild oligozoospermia (mOZ; n = 148), obstructive azoospermia (OAZ; n = 155), and normozoospermia (NZ; n = 210). Rates of fertilization, embryo cleavage, high-quality embryos, implantation, biochemical and clinical pregnancies, abortion, delivery, newborns, as well as major birth malformations, and other newborn outcomes were analyzed and compared among groups. The NOA group showed a statistically lower fertilization rate (68.2% vs esOZ 77.3%, sOZ 78.0%, mOZ 73.8%, OAZ 76.6%, and NZ 79.3%, all P < 0.05), but a significantly higher implantation rate (37.8%) than the groups esOZ (30.1%), sOZ (30.4%), mOZ (32.6%), and OAZ (31.0%) (all P < 0.05), which was similar to that of Group NZ (38.4%). However, there were no statistically significant differences in rates of embryo cleavage, high-quality embryos, biochemical and clinical pregnancies, abortions, deliveries, major birth malformations, and other newborn outcomes in the six groups. The results showed that NOA only negatively affects some embryological outcomes such as fertilization rate. There was no evidence of differences in other embryological and clinical outcomes with respect to sperm source or spermatogenic status. Spermatogenic failure and sperm origins do not impinge on the clinical outcomes in ICSI treatment.

Survival and disease burden trend analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis from 1963 to 2020 in Shizuishan City / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To understand the survival status and its influencing factors of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Shizuishan City, and to analyze the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis and its trend, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and treatment measures of occupational pneumoconiosis. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted during July to December 2020 to explore the survival status of occupational pneumoconiosis patients who had been reported from 1963 to 2020 in Shizuishan City. The Kaplan-Meier method and Life-table method were used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival time. The disability adjusted life years (DALY) was applied to analyze the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis and its temporal trend. Results: From 1963 to 2020, a total of 3263 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were reported in Shizuishan City, of which 1467 died, so that the fatality rate was 44.96%. The median survival time was 26.71 years, average age of death was (70.55±10.92) years old. There were significant differences in the survival rates of occupational pneumoconiosis patients among different types, diagnosis age, exposure time, industry, initial diagnosis stage and whether upgraded (P<0.05) . As the survival time increased, the survival rate of patients decreased gradually. When the survival time was ≥50 years, the cumulative survival rate of patients was 4.20%. Cox regression analysis suggested that the type of pneumoconiosis, industry, diagnosis age, exposure time, initial diagnosis stage and whether upgraded were the influencing factors for the survival time of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis (P<0.05) . The total DALY attributable to occupational pneumoconiosis from 1963 to 2020 in Shizuishan City was 48026.65 person years, of which the years of life lost (YLL) was 15155.39 person years, and the average YLL was 10.33 years/person, and the years lost due to disability (YLD) was 32871.26 person years, and the average YLD was 10.07 years/person. The DALY attributed to coal worker's pneumoconiosis and silicosis were 39408.51 person years and 6565.02 person years, respectively, and they accounted for 82.06% and 13.67% of the total disease burden in Shizuishan City, respectively. The DALY caused by occupational pneumoconiosis in the age group of 40-49 years old and the first diagnosis of stage I occupational pneumoconiosis were higher, which were 20899.71 and 36231.97 person years, respectively. The average YLL and average YLD showed a volatility downtrend over time. Conclusion: The disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis cannot be ignored in Shizuishan City, and timely targeted measures should be taken for key populations and key industries. It is recommended that life-cycle health management and hierarchical medical should be taken to improve the life quality of patients and prolong their lifes.

Event-related potential for cognitive function research: a visual analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the development, hot spots and trends of event-related potentials for cognitive function research. Methods The literatures about application of event-related potentials in cognitive function research from 2011 to 2021 in CNKI and Web of Science core collection database were retrieved. The countries, authors, institutions, cited reference and keywords were extracted with CiteSpace to draw knowledge mapping. Results The most of researches came from the United States. For China, the author published the most researches was Zhan Xianghong, and the institute was the West China Mental Health Center of Sichuan University; the keywords such as P300 and depression were the most frequent, and researches focused on Alzheimer's disease, depression and schizophrenia, etc., which tended to use negative correlation changes of event-related potentials. Internationally, the author publishing the most researches was christian beste, and the institute was University of California, San Diego. The keywords such as attention and electroencephalograph were the most frequent, and researches focused on Alzheimer's disease and bipolar disorder, etc., which tended to focus on the P300 theta oscillation. Conclusion The application of event-related potential in cognitive function remains heat, to explore the cognitive dysfunction after various diseases.

Endothelial cell energy metabolism and pathological angiogenesis / 中国药理学通报

Angiogenesis,the formation of new blood vessels from the development of existing capillaries or posterior capillar)' veins,is a key event in various physiological and pathological en-vironments.In recent years,the role of endothelial cell metabo¬lism in pathological angiogenesis has attracted much attention.More and more studies have shown that endothelial angiogenesis switches and pathological angiogenesis are regulated by key fac¬tors of energy metabolism.'Hie unique glycolysis properties of endothelial cells are essential for cell proliferation,migration and response to environmental changes.In this review, we provide an overview of recent research on endothelial cell energy metabolism and summarize and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies u- sing endothelial cell metabolism to provide some reference for dnjg development targeting endothelial cell metabolism.

Bioinformatics Analysis on Key Genes and Immune Infiltration of Osteosarcoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To screen the potential key genes of osteosarcoma by bioinformatics methods and analyze their immune infiltration patterns. Methods The gene expression profiles GSE16088 and GSE12865 associated with osteosarcoma were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO),and the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to osteosarcoma were screened by bioinformatics tools.Gene Ontology(GO)annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment,and analysis of immune cell infiltration were then carried out for the DEGs.The potential Hub genes of osteosarcoma were identified by protein-protein interaction network,and the expression of Hub genes in osteosarcoma and normal tissue samples was verified via the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA). Results A total of 108 DEGs were screened out.GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in integrin binding,extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components,ECM receptor interactions,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway.Macrophages were the predominant infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma.Secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1),matrix metallopeptidase 2(MMP2),lysyl oxidase(LOX),collagen type V alpha(II)chain(COL5A2),and melanoma cell adhesion molecule(MCAM)presented differential expression between osteosarcoma and normal tissue samples(all P<0.05). Conclusions SPP1,MMP2,LOX,COL5A2,and MCAM are all up-regulated in osteosarcoma,which may serve as potential biomarkers of osteosarcoma.Macrophages are the key infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma,which may provide new perspectives for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Specificity study of visualization analysis of electroencephalogram diagnosis of depression based on CiteSpace / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper analyzed literatures on the specificity study of electroencephalogram (EEG) in the diagnosis of depression since 2010 to 2020, summarized the recent research directions in this field and prospected the future research hotspots at home and abroad. Based on databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the core collection of Web of Science (WOS), CiteSpace software was used to analyze the relevant literatures in this research field. The number of relevant literatures, countries, authors, research institutions, key words, cited literatures and periodicals related to this research were analyzed, respectively, to explore research hotspots and development trends in this field. A total of 2 155 articles were included in the WOS database. The most published institution was the University of Toronto, the most published country was the United States, China occupied the third place, and the hot keywords were anxiety, disorder, brain and so on. A total of 529 literatures were included and analyzed in CNKI database. The institution with the most publications was the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and the hot keywords were EEG signal, event-related potential, convolutional neural network, schizophrenia, etc

Gallbladder metastasis from renal clear cell carcinoma: a case report / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis to the gallbladder is rare. This paper reported a case of gallbladder metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma detected after two years of left radical nephrectomy. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and followed by postoperative targeted therapy of sunitinib. No new metastasis was found after 5 months of follow-up.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Consciousness Disorders Based on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Study with Mismatch Negativity / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture based on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on wakefulness for consciousness disorder. Methods:From January, 2015 to October, 2019, 30 inpatients with consciousness disorder from the General Hospital of Western Theater Command were randomly divided into control group (n = 15) and observetion group (n = 15), Both groups received TMS, and the observetion group received electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24), bilateral Neiguan (PC6) bilateral Hegu (LI4) and bilateral Yongquan (KI1) in addition, for three months. They were tested the latency of the mismatch negativity (MMN), and assessed with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and persistent vegetative state (PVS) score before, and one month and three months after treatment. Results:The latency of MMN decreased more in the observetion group than in the control group three months after treatment (t = 2.159, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Combination of electroacupuncture on TMS is more effective on wakefulness for consciousness disorder.

Glucose, lipid and protein metabolism of hepatic stellate cells: a novel target against liver fibrosis / 中国药理学通报

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are non-parenchymal pericytes resided in liver. In chronic liver injury, the cells are activated from quiescent state into myofibroblasts, and then drive liver fibrosis. The process, activated HSCs secreting extracellular matrix, is crucial to liver fibrosis, which needs enormous energy and triggers the metabolic reprogramming including Warburg effect, degradation of lipid droplets with increasing lipid metabolism and the change of amino acid metabolism. This paper mainly reviews the glucose, lipid and protein metabolic reprogramming of HSCs during the development of liver fibrosis and its potential applications, controbuting to design novel targeted therapies against liver fibrosis.

Effect and molecular mechanism of mitochondrial solute carrier protein SLC25A26 inducing hepatoma cell senescence / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the regulatory effect of mitochondrial solute carrier protein SLC25A26 on senescence of hepatoma cells induced by methionine cycle metabolism. Methods HepG2 cell line was cultured in vitro. After hepatoma cell senescence was induced by toposide (2 [xmol • Ľ'), a positive drug for inducing cell senescence, methionine circulating metabolite SAM (0. 1 mmol • L " ') was treated. Western blot and Real-time PGR were used to detect the senescence indexes including pl6, p21, and HMGAl, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. Transfecting SLC25A26 overexpression plasmid, the effect of overexpressing SLC25A26 on the senescence indexes of hepatoma cells was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence detection, and the level of SAM after overexpressing SLC25A26 was detected by the kit. The effect of overexpressing SLG25A26 on the senescence of hepatoma cells after SAM treatment was detected by Real-time PGR. Results Western blot and Real-time PGR showed that methionine cycle metabolism could weaken the senescence level of HepG2 cells induced by Etoposide, and flow cytometry showed that cell cycle was arrested in Gl phase; overexpression of SLG25A26 decreased the levels of SAM and SAH in cytoplasm of HepG2 cells, and exogenous SAM partially offset the aging effect of HepG2 cells induced by SLG25A26. Conclusions Promoting methionine cycle metabolism can inhibit hepatoma cells senescence; overexpression of SLG25A26 can induce hepatoma cells senescence; SLG25A26 can induce hepatoma cells senescence by regulating methionine cycle metabolism.

Low-Frequency Magnetic Stimulation of Shenmen Acupoint Reduces Blood Oxygen Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex of Healthy Subjects: A Near-Infrared Brain Functional Imaging Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of low-frequency magnetic stimulation at Shenmen (HT 7) acupoint on blood oxygen levels in the prefrontal cortex of healthy subjects.@*METHODS@#Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology was used to collect real-time data of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the prefrontal cortex of 16 healthy subjects at resting state and low-frequency magnetic stimulation of Shenmen. The mean and integral values of blood oxygen concentration were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the resting state, the mean and integral values of blood oxygen concentration were decreased during the task period, recovery period, and the whole process in the magnetic stimulation of Shenmen acupoint (P<0.05). In particular, the difference was statistically significant in the recovery period (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prefrontal cortex was widely activated and produced an immediate effect by reducing the local blood oxygen concentration at low-frequency magnetic stimulation of Shenmen acupoint, which verifies the sedative effect of Shenmen acupoint.

Prognostic Value of / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prognostic value of metabolic parameters of @*METHODS@#The clinical data of 58 patients with DLBCL who were examined by @*RESULTS@#The SUV@*CONCLUSION@#MTV and TLG are independent risk factors for OS and PFS in patients with DLBCL, which may be valuable for prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

Study of P50 sensory gating deficit in schizophrenic patients with violent and aggressive behaviors / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo assess the specificity of P50 auditory-evoked potential in schizophrenic patients with violent and aggressive behaviors， so as to provide objective biological markers for predicting violent behaviors of schizophrenic patients. MethodsA total of135 schizophrenic patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were divided into aggressive group （n=70） and non-aggressive group （n=65） according to the assessment results of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS）， meantime， another 60 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were set as healthy group. Then the P50 auditory-evoked potentials of all selected individuals were measured using EP/EMG system （MEB-9200， Nihon Kohden， Japan）. ResultsAmp S2 of the aggressive group was significantly higher than those of the non-aggressive group and healthy control group， with statistical differences ［（9.86±6.04）μV vs. （7.06±3.88）μV， P=0.004； （9.86±6.04）μV vs. （7.82±3.87）μV， P=0.031］. The proportion of S2/S1 ratio ≥0.5 was 72.88%， 43.86% and 30.00% in aggressive group， non-aggressive group and healthy group， which was the highest in aggressive group， with statistical differences （P<0.01）. The amplitude difference of P50 （S1-S2） of the aggressive group was lower than those of the non-aggressive group and the healthy control group， the differences were of statistical significance ［（4.35±9.39）μV vs.（9.89±8.48）μV， P=0.001； （4.35±9.39）μV vs.（13.42±9.81）μV， P<0.01］. ConclusionThe violent and aggressive behaviors in schizophrenic patients may be related to the sensory gating deficit.

Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of drowning in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

Drowning is a leading cause of accidental injury in children and has a great impact on family and society. The prevention and treatment of drowning is of great importance for reducing mortality rate. This consensus reviews the literature on the epidemiology, rescue, resuscitation, and acute clinical management and prevention of drowning. The panel determines the score of available evidence according to the criteria of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and then makes recommendations on evidence based on such criteria, so as to provide a basis for further reducing the mortality and disability rates caused by drowning.

Differential Diagnostic Value of F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Multiple Myeloma and Bone Metastases / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the imaging characteristics of F-FDG positron emission computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and to analyze its application value in MM and bone metastases.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was made on MM patients (n=72) and bone metastases patients (n=50) admitted to Hainan Western Central Hospital from January 2017 to March 2019. All patients underwent F-FDG PET/CT examination. The distribution of lesions, bone destruction, maximum standardized uptake (SUV) and metabolic homogeneity were analyzed in both groups.@*RESULTS@#More than 80% of MM and bone metastases involved thoracic bone, spine and pelvis, followed by limbs. MM was more common in the lesions of thoracic bone and skull than those in bone metastases, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The majority of MM patients presented osteolytic bone destruction (97.2%), mostly showing "insect-like phagocytic pattern", so the bone showed dilated changes, and osteogenic changes were rarely seen (2.8%). Osteolytic bone destruction accounted for 74.0% in patients with bone metastatic tumor, presenting "focal" appearance more often, and osteogenic changes accounted for 26.0%. Osteolytic bone destruction in patients with MM was significantly higher than that in patients with bone metastases（χ=14.757，P＜0.05）. The SUV of MM (4.25±2.16)was significantly lower than that of bone metastases (7.84±3.25) (t=6.830, P＜0.05). Diffuse mild uptake of F-FDG was more common in patients with MM, and heterogeneous high uptake of F-FDG was more common in patients with bone metastasis, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#F-FDG PET/CT examination is helpful to acquire the imaging features of bone structure and metabolic changes, and shows an important clinical value in the differential diagnosis of MM and bone metastases.

Clinical effect of double filtration plasmapheresis combined with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant in treatment of children with severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect and safety of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) combined with double pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (MP) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) in the treatment of children with severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN).@*METHODS@#A total of 60 children with severe HSPN who were admitted to the hospital from January 2014 to March 2018 were enrolled and were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group (n=30 each). In addition to routine treatment, the children in the control group were given MP+CTX pulse therapy. Those in the observation group were given DFPP treatment in addition to the treatment in the control group, with three courses of treatment in total. After three courses of treatment, the two groups were compared in terms of 24-hour urinary protein, urinary microproteins, renal function parameters, adverse reactions, and clinical outcome.@*RESULTS@#After three courses of treatment, the observation group had significantly greater reductions in 24-hour urinary protein, urinary albumin, urinary immunoglobulin G, urinary β2-microglobulin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen than the control group (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with MP+CTX pulse therapy alone in the treatment of severe HSPN in children, DFPP combined with MP+CTX pulse therapy can further alleviate renal injury and improve clinical outcome and does not increase the incidence rate of adverse reactions.

Development of a Novel Spawn (Block Spawn) of an Edible Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, in Liquid Culture and its Cultivation Evaluation

Mushroom cultivation has gained increased attention in recent years. Currently, only four types of spawn, including sawdust spawn, grain spawn, liquid spawn, and stick spawn, are commonly available for mushroom cultivation. This limited spawn diversity has led to difficulty in selecting suitable inoculum materials in some cultivation. In this study, three small blocks of lignocellulosic agro-wastes and one block of a synthetic matrix were prepared as support for growing Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid medium. Mycelium-adsorbed blocks were then evaluated for their potential as block spawn for fructification. Our results indicated that the edible fungus was adsorbed and abundantly grew internally and externally on loofah sponge and synthetic polyurethane foam (PUF) supports and also has the ability to attach and grow on the surface of sugarcane bagasse and corncob supports. The mycelia of P. ostreatus adhered on corncob exhibited the highest metabolic activity, while those on the PUF showed the least activity. Mycelial extension rates of block spawns made of agro-waste materials were comparable to that of sawdust spawn, but the block spawn of PUF showed a significantly lower rate. No significant differences in cropping time and yield were observed among cultivations between experimental block spawns and sawdust spawns. Moreover, the corncob block spawn maintained its fruiting potential during an examined period of 6-month storage. The developed block spawn could be practically applied in mushroom cultivation.