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Objective To study the effect of velvet antler polypeptides (VAP) on Rho/ROCK pathway in APP/ PSl double transgenic mice. Methods APP/PSl double transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group and velvet antler polypeptide group, 20 mice in each group, and control group consisting of 20 mice of the same litter and the same gender negative. The mice in VAP group were given velvet antler polypeptide 100 mg/kg by intragastric administration once a day for 28 days. After treatment, the water maze experiment was detected and recorded the escape latency and the number of crossing platforms of the mice; the ultrastructures of the synapse were observed by transmission electron microscopy; the expression of Rhs homolog gene family member A(RhoA) and Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase II(ROCKII) in the hippocampal CAI area were observed by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of RhoA and ROCKII protein in the hippocampus were detected by Western blotting. The contents of hippocampus amyloid (3-protein(A(3),
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Objective To study the effect of velvet antler polypeptides (VAP) on antioxidant in Alzheimer' s disease model mice. Methods Eight months old male amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-l (PS1) double transgenic mice were selected as Alzheimer' s disease (AD) model and divided into the model group and the VAP intervention group, 12 in each group. Besides, normal mice of the same brood (with no transgene) were recruited as a control group (n= 12).After 6 months of intragastric administration, behavior, morphology and oxidative stress related indicators were detected.SH-SY5 cells were used to establish AD model of damaged by Ap2535. The expression levels of APP and p-secreatase-l(BACE1) protein in mouse hippocampus were detected by Western blotting. VAP intervention group SH-SY5Y cells was cultured with VAP (500 g/L) and amyloid P(Ap) 2535(25 ixmol/L) for 24 hours. Control group cells were normally cultured by DMEM medium. Cell apoptosis, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and oxidative stress related indexes were detected. Results In animal models, compared with the model group, the escape latency of mice in the VAP intervention group was shortened (P<0. 05). The neuronal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of the model group were reduced and arranged disorderly. The arrangement of the VAP intervention group was relatively regular, and the morphology was significantly improved. Compared with the model group, senile plaques were decreased in the VAP intervention group. Compared with the model group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content ol the VAP intervention group increased, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content increased, the difference was statistically significant. Compared with the control group, the APP and BACE1 content in the model group increased. Compared with the model group, the contents of APP and BACE1 in the VAP intervention group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). In the cell model, the apoptosis rates of the VAP intervention group decreased. Compared with the model group, the mitochondrial membrane potential of the VAP intervention group increased, the content ol ROS decreased, the content of MDA decreased, and the content of SOD and GSH-Px increased. The difference were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion VAP has a protective effect on oxidative stress damage caused by Alzheimer' s disease model animals and cells, which may be achieved by reducing ROS production and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce Ap deposition.
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Objective To observe the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the spatial learning memory deficit in amyloid procursor protein (APP) / presenilin-1 (PS1) double transgenic mice, synaptic ultrastructure and expression of neural cell adhesion molecule in hippocampal CA1 region. Methods Eight weeks old male APP / PS1 double transgenic mice were selected as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model and divided into the model group, the EGCG group and the donepezil hydrochloride group, 12 in each group.Besides,normal mice of the same brood (with no transgene) were recruited as a normal group (n = 12). Related indices were detected after 6 months continuous gastrogavage. The spatial learning-memory deficit of APP / PS1 double transgenic mice was detected by Morris water maze test. The synaptic ultrastructure of hippocampal CA1 region was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialyltranseferase α2,8-polysialic acid (ST8Sia Ⅱ) protein in hippocampal CA1 region of APP / PS1 transgenic mice were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Compared with the normal group, the mean value of escape latency in the model group was extended, and compared with the model group, the mean value of escape latency in the EGCG group and donepezil hydrochloride group were increased (P < 0. 05) . The result of electron microscope showed that the changes of synaptic interface curvature of EGCG group and donepezil hydrochloride group were not obvious. Compared with the model group, the width of the synaptic gap becomes narrower and the thickness of the post-synaptic compact were increases (P < 0. 05) . Immunofluorescence showed that the expression of NCAM and ST8Sia Ⅱ proteins in the hippocampus CA1 region was expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons, the expressions of NCAM and ST8Sia Ⅱ in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly increased in EGCG group and donepezil hydrochloride group (P< 0. 05) . Their contents also showed higher levels of expression in Western blotting (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion EGCG shows improvement on the spatial learning-memory deficit in APP / PS1 double transgenic mice,which may be associated with affecting the synaptic structure of hippocampus and improving the expressions of neural cell adhesion molecule.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate effects of total paeony glucosides (TPGs) on the expressions of Toll receptors (TLR4) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in the brain tissue of D-galactose-induced aging rats. METHODS; Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, the high dose TPG group, the middle dose TPG group, and the low dose TPG group, 10 in each group. Equal volume of normal saline was subcutaneously injected to rats in the blank control group, while 10% D-galactose was subcutaneously injected to rats in the rest groups at 0.125 mL/g, once a day for 8 successive weeks to induce the aging rat model. TPG was administered at 300 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 75 mg/kg to rats in the high, middle, and low dose TPG groups while injecting D-galactose from the 5th week of model preparation, once daily for 4 successive weeks. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to rats in the blank control group and the model group, once daily. The capability for learning and memory was detected using Morris water. The mRNA expressions of TLR4 and IL-33 in the brain tissue were detected using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank control group, the capability for learning and memory decreased in the model group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the capability for learning and memory was obviously improved in all the medicated groups in a dose-dependent manner, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, mRNA expressions of TLR4 and IL-33 in the brain tissue obviously increased after medication in the model group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of TLR4 and IL-33 in the brain tissue obviously decreased after medication in all the medicated groups in a dose-dependent manner, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TPGs improved D-galactose induced aging rats' capability for learning and memory through regulating changes of TLR4 and IL-33 expressions.</p>