Screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To understand the screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region of Gansu Province, and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of myopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study was conducted to select 2 kindergartens and 12 primary and secondary schools in Hezuo City and Zhouqu County, Gannan region of Gansu Province, two classes were randomly selected from each grade, and the whole class was used as a unit for screening. The screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents were collected for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 5 072 children and adolescents were selected, and 4 806 valid data were finally included after excluding unqualified records. The overall prevalence of myopia was 45.55%, and the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade(P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia in girls(48.66%)was higher than that in boys(42.18%; P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P<0.001), and the age group of 10-12 years old was the fastest growing for myopia, increasing from 25.62% to 60.57%. Furthermore, moderate myopia and high myopia showed an increasing tread with the increase of the grade(all P<0.001). The overall glasses wearing rate of the Gannan region was 28.55%, with a full correction rate of 50.72%, and the glasses wearing rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of grades(P<0.001). The glasses wearing rate of female students(30.84%)was higher than that of male students(26.69%; P=0.008). The full correction rates of low, moderate and high myopia in junior high were the lowest among the 3 phases of studying. The full correction rate of high myopia was the lowest in all phases of studying.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region is lower than the national average, but the myopia of children and adolescents is still a trend of young age and high incidence, and the glasses wearing rate of myopia and full correction rate are low.

Association between sleep duration and HbA1Cin adults among type 2 diabetics under community management / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To explore the relation of sleep duration and control of HbA1Camong type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) under community management in Huai'an city. Methods There were 9 393 T2DM patients enrolled from Qinghe district and Huai'an district from Huai'an city using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The level of HbA1Cwas categorized as control group (＜7%) and uncontrolled group (≥7%), and sleeping duration was categorized as＜6 h, 6-8 h, and ＞8 h. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the association between sleep duration and control of HbA1C. No confounders were adjusted in logistic regression model 1;and age, sex, and body mass index were adjusted in model 2 and furthermore, in model 3, smoking, drinking, education, duration of diabetes, familial history of diabetes, activity, and medication were adjusted plus variables in model 2. Stratified analyses were also used to explore the association above. Results Subjects with sleep duration＞8 h had a high risk of uncontrolled HbA1Cwhen compared with subjects for sleep duration of 6-8 h with OR＝1.188 ( P＝0.001) and the association were still existed with OR＝1.191 (P＝0.001) after Bonferroni adjusted and adjustment of age, sex, and body mass index. Whereas, with further adjustment of confounders in model 3, the association was vanished. Results of stratified analyses indicated that with Bonferroni adjustment, overweight patients with sleep duration of＜6 h had a lower risk of uncontrolled HbA1Cwith OR＝0.788 and 0.799, respectively, in model 1 and model 2 (both P＜0.05). Meanwhile, patients of female, or age≥60 years, or body mass index＜24 kg/m2, or disease duration≤3.58 years had high risk of uncontrolled HbA1Cwhen sleep duration＞8 h. Conclusion T2DM patients with sleep duration＞8 h were negative for HbA1Ccontrol, and this association was independent of age, sex, and body mass index, but was influenced by the duration of diabetes, activity, medication, familial history of diabetes, smoking, drinking, and education. Sleep duration in patients of female, age≥60 years, body mass index＜24 kg/m2, and short disease duration, should be appropriately adjusted.

Association between glycemic control and familial history of diabetes in type 2 diabetic patients in Huaian city / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

A total of 9 806 type 2 diabetics managed by the communities were selected by the stratified cluster random sampling.The characteristics, behavior and life style, history of diseases and treatments, and familial history were collected by a standard questionnaire.Their heights and weights were measured.Furthermore, their HbA1C was tested.Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between familial history of diabetes and glycemic control.The results showed that among the diabetics, patients with familial history accounted for 18.99%, and glycemic control rate was 42.72%.Compared with the diabetics without familial history, glycemic control rate in patients with parental history of diabetes and with many relatives decreased by 0.27 fold (OR=1.27, 95%CI 1.01-1.59) and 1.01 fold (OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.25-3.23), suggesting that family history of diabetes could reduce the glycemic control rate.

Analysis on the influencing factors of renal dysfunction in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the status of renal function abnormalities and explore its influencing factors in a community-based population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Totally 9 413 patients with T2DM who have registered and received management of community public health service in 2014 were recruited in our study.All participants undertook questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test.A simplified MDRD formula was used for estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR),and Logistic Regression method was used to analyze the risk factors.Results The average eGFR was 91 ml/min · 1.73 m2 and the attack rate of people with eGFR ＜60 ml/min 1.73 m2 was 10.56％.The difference of renal function in participants with different age and gender was significant(x2 =6.306,P =0.012;x2 =269.293,P ＜ 0.001).Renal function in male patients and older patients was more worse.Multivariate analysis showed that long duration of diabetes,high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL),total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG),uncontrolled blood glucose were independent risk factors for renal dysfunction.Conclusions Patients with T2DM are susceptible to renal function abnormalities.Comprehensively control of blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure should be performed to decrease the risk of the disease.

Analysis on the status and influencing factors of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension in urban areas of Huai'an / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical features of type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension , and to analyze the influencing factors of glycemic control. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method, 5 communities were selected from urban areas of Huai'an in 2014. Type 2 diabetic patients managed by the communities were surveyed with questionnaire, physical and biochemical examinations. The related information and clinical features were compared between diabetic patients with and without hypertension. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of glycemic control. Results The number of well-controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c<7.0%) with and without hypertension (HbA1c<7.0%) were 419 (39.3%) and 480 (52.1%), respectively. Mean values of body mass index (BMI), diabetic duration and serum creatinine in diabetic patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in diabetic patients without hypertension (P<0.05). The proportions of macrovascular complications and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients with hypertension were significantly higher than diabetic patients without hypertension (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high degree of education, high annual family income and high frequency of glucose monitoring were beneficial factors for glycemic control in diabetic patients with hypertension. Older age, hypertension, higher waist to hip ratio (WHR), the elevated triglyceride and serum creatinine were harmful factors for glycemic control. Conclusions The situation of glycemic control in diabetic patients with hypertension in urban areas of Huai'an is not optimistic. Therefore, community managements of risk factors such as central obesity and increased triglyceride in elder diabetic patients should be strengthened.

Cleaning the surveillance data of Keshan disease in 2009, China / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate potential problems and solutions within the data of national surveillance of Keshan disease(KSD), to improve the quality of surveillance data and the reliability of the results. Methods Four key variables (name, sex, age, and KSD diagnosis) in the national surveillance data of KSD in 2009 were cleaned by SPSS 15.0. Cleaning contents included duplicate records, missing values, outliers and logic errors. Name, sex, age, currently residing in townships and currently residing in villages and other variables were combined into different filters to find duplicate records by the command of Identify Duplicate Cases , then the duplicate records were returned to the data reporting agencies, and finally delete or merge. Data with missing values, outliers, or logical errors were found by commands of Frequencies, Descriptives and Select if, then the duplicate records were returned to the data reporting agencies. Data were revised based on not only the feedback , but also by using the relationship between variables, and by consulting KSD clinical experts. Results Four hundred and sixty-four cases of duplicate records were found and cleaned. The number of missing values was 2 047 (specifically, name 0, sex 3, age 32 and KSD diagnosis 2 012). The number of outliers was 1 988 (specifically, name 6, sex 3, age 10 and KSD diagnosis 1 969). The records of 5 kinds of logic errors of KSD diagnosis were 105 in all. Conclusion There are duplicate records, missing values, outliers and logic errors in the national surveillance data of KSD, cleaning work could improve the quality of surveillance data, ensure the authenticity and rliability of the monitoring data.