Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin. Methods The clinical and epidemiological data of 135 cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin were collected, and the data were analyzed with descriptive method. The factors influencing the severity of the illness were analyzed. Results Among the 135 COVID-19 cases, 72 were males and 63 were females, the age of the cases was (48.62±16.83) years, and the case fatality rate was 2.22%. Local transmission caused 74.81% of the cases. A total of 33 clusters occurred, involving 85.92% of all COVID-19 cases. The median of the incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.50 days, the average generation interval was 5 days, and the household secondary transmission rate was 20.46%. Fever was the main symptom (78.63%), followed by cough (56.48%). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that age ( OR =1.038, 95% CI : 1.010-1.167) and the number of chronic underlying diseases ( OR =1.709, 95% CI : 1.052-2.777) were the risk factors of severe illness. Conclusions Fever was the main symptom at the early phase of COVID-19 in Tianjin, and the local cluster cases accounted for high proportion in confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Tianjin. Severe illness was prone to occur in people with old age and multi underlying diseases. Strict isolation of close contacts and intensive care of high-risk groups are the main measures to reduce the morbidity and case fatality of COVID-19.

Survival analysis on HIV/AIDS patients who began receiving antiretroviral therapy from 2005 to 2015 in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To study the survival time and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS cases who began receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2005 to 2015 in Tianjin.@*Methods@#Data related to HIV/AIDS cases that receiving ART between 2005 and 2015 in Tianjin, were collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Basic Information Management System. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze data of collection. Life table was used to calculate the survival proportion and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to analyze the factors associated to the time of survival.@*Results@#A total of 2 057 HIV/AIDS cases were involved, including 51 died from AIDS related disease, ending up with the survival rates of 1, 3, 5 and 10 years as 98.4%, 97.8%, 97.4% and 95.8%, respectively. Results from the multivariate Cox proportion hazard regression model showed that when comparing with the cases aged<30 years, aHR (95%CI) of the cases aged 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50 years or above appeared as 4.506 (1.226-9.059), 5.944 (1.479-13.892) and 15.958 (5.309-27.206) respectively. When comparing with the cases having no loss of follow-up during ART process, the aHR of the cases having lost of follow-up during ART was 5.645 (95%CI: 3.124-10.200). When comparing with the cases diagnosed by other institutions, the aHR of the cases diagnosed by hospitals was 3.823 (95%CI: 1.423-10.274). When compared with the cases had no hepatitis B or hepatitis C before ART, aHR of the cases with hepatitis B or C prior to ART was 2.580 (95%CI:1.210-5.502). Compared with the cases receiving ART at Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical stages, the aHR of the cases at Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stages was 3.947 (95%CI: 2.167-7.188). Compared with the cases with junior high school education or below, the aHR of the cases with high school education or above was 0.440 (95%CI: 0.238-0.810). Compared with the cases diagnosed before operation, aHR of the cases from special investigation and from counseling and testing (VCT) were 0.111 (0.027-0.456) and 0.182 (0.049-0.674) respectively.@*Conclusions@#The survival rate of HIV/AIDS cases that received ART was high in Tianjin. Risk factors related to the survival of cases would include: old age when started receiving ART, loss of follow-up during ART, diagnosed by hospitals, co-infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C and receiving ART at Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stages. Meanwhile, protective factors related to the survival of cases would include: having high school or above education, diagnosis was made through other special programs or from VCT services.

Survival of untreated HIV／AIDS patients in Tianjin / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To analyze the survival and influencing factors of treatment-naive HIV／AIDS patients aged 15 years or above in Tianjin.Methods The data of 973 untreated HIV／AIDS patients aged 15 years or above who were diagnosed during June 28 1996 to May 28 2017 in Tianjin were retrospectively analyzed.The survival rate of patients was calculated by the life table method , and the factors affecting the survival time were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model.Results There were 726 HIV carriers (74.6%) and 247 AIDS patients (25.4%).Among them, there were more males (93.7%, 912／973) than females (6.3%, 61／973); Han nationality accounted for 92.5%(900／973); the education level of most patients was high school or below (71畅0%, 691／973); half of the patients were unmarried (50.4%, 490／973); 57.7%(561／973) of the patients were infected by men who have sex with men ( MSM);62畅9%(612／973) were local residents and 37.1%(361／973) were migrants; 36.6%(356／973) cases were detected by pre-transfusion tests, and 74.5%( 725／973) had initial CD4 +T count tests.In this series, the average survival time is 11.03 years after diagnosis (95%CI 10.01-12畅05 years).The 1, 3, 5, and 10-year survival rates after diagnosis were 96.8%, 88.7%, 80.2%and 40.5%.183 cases (18畅8%) died from AIDS.Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that compared with patients aged 15 to 35 years, patients aged 35-50 years (HR＝3.077, 95%CI 1.868-5.070) and ＞50 years (HR＝2.626, 95%CI 1畅553-4.440) had higher risk of AIDS-related deaths; compared with high school education or below , patients with college education or above ( HR＝0.562, 95%CI 0.371-0.851) had a lower risk of AIDS death; injection drug user (IDU) (HR＝0.751, 95%CI 0.316-0.909) had lower risk of death than MSM. Patients detected by the consultation ( HR＝0.463, 95%CI 0.252-0.851), special investigation ( HR＝0畅263, 95%CI 0.116-0.593), detainee physical examination ( HR＝0.055, 95%CI 0.007-0畅441) and STD clinic visits (HR＝0.033, 95%CI 0.005-0.239) had a lower risk of death than those detected by pre-transfusion tests.The initial CD4 +T lymphocyte counts were negatively correlated with the risk of AIDS-related death (P＜0.01).Conclusions The average survival time after diagnosis of untreated HIV／AIDS patients aged 15 years or above was 11.03 years in Tianjin.The age, education level, route of infection, detection of HIV infection and the initial CD 4 +T lymphocyte counts are related to the survival time after diagnosis of untreated HIV／AIDS patients.

Analysis of survival and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients in Tianjin, 2004-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the survival and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients in Tianjin.Methods The data of HIV/AIDS cases reported in Tianjin during 2004-2014,which were collected from National AIDS Prevention and Control Information System,were analyzed by using life table and Kaplan Meier method to calculate survival time and the survival rate,and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for survival time.Results For the 2 775 HIV/AIDS patients,1 year,3 years,5 years,10 years and 11 years cumulative survival rates were 91％,88％,86％,79％ and 79％ respectively.The risk of death in AIDS patients was higher than that in people living with HIV (x2=107.622,P＜0.001);Factors affecting the survival of people living with HIV were the first time CD4 value and antiviral treatment,and the influencing factors for survival of AIDS patients were the infection route,detection ways,first time CD4 value and antiviral treatment.Conclusion Early detection and early treatment can obviously reduce the risk for death of people living with HIV/AIDS.To improve the survival of HIV/ AIDS patients,it is necessary to strengthen the early detection and early treatment of HIV infection.

Analysis of survival and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients in Tianjin, 2004-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the survival and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients in Tianjin.Methods The data of HIV/AIDS cases reported in Tianjin during 2004-2014,which were collected from National AIDS Prevention and Control Information System,were analyzed by using life table and Kaplan Meier method to calculate survival time and the survival rate,and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for survival time.Results For the 2 775 HIV/AIDS patients,1 year,3 years,5 years,10 years and 11 years cumulative survival rates were 91％,88％,86％,79％ and 79％ respectively.The risk of death in AIDS patients was higher than that in people living with HIV (x2=107.622,P＜0.001);Factors affecting the survival of people living with HIV were the first time CD4 value and antiviral treatment,and the influencing factors for survival of AIDS patients were the infection route,detection ways,first time CD4 value and antiviral treatment.Conclusion Early detection and early treatment can obviously reduce the risk for death of people living with HIV/AIDS.To improve the survival of HIV/ AIDS patients,it is necessary to strengthen the early detection and early treatment of HIV infection.

Construction of recombinant mycobacteriophage TM4-RpfE / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To construct recombinant mycobacteriophage TM4-RpfE to lay a foundation for experimental research about how to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis in combination with anti-tuberculosis drugs,and how to shorten treatment for tuberculosis ultimately.Methods·Electrotransformation was used to introduce pJV53 plasmid into Mycobacterium smegmatis to prepare recombinant engineering bacteria.After amplification of hsp60-RpfE fusion gene by overlap PCR,a long gene fragment (homologous +hsp60-RpfE+homologous,HHRH) was amplified by multi-step overlap PCR.The DNA of mycobaeteriophage TM4 and HHRH fragment were cotransfected into the recombinant engineering bacteria by electrotransformation,then the recombinant phage from the single primary plaques were confirmed by PCR and sequencing.SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the protein expression in recombinant phage.Results·The hsp60-RpfE fusion gene at the length of 901 bp and HHRH fragment at the length of 1 873 bp were identified by overlap PCR.The PCR product produced 955 bp and 301 bp DNA bands in the first generation plaques colony.SDS-PAGE analysis showed a specific protein band at 21 000 in the recombinant phages.Conclusion·The recombinant mycobacterium phage TM4-RpfE was successfully constructed and the expression of target gene RpfE was initially verified.

Study of MTT and resazurin assays for susceptibility test to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs / 中华检验医学杂志

Objecflve To evaluate the performance of two rapid and low-cost metheds(MTT test,and rosazurin mierotitre assay)for the detection of resistance to first-line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods sixty-four Myeobaeterium tuberculosis clinical isohtes were tested by the MTT test and the rosazuxin microtitre assay(REMA)respectively,and the results were compared with those obtained with the absolute concentration method on L(o)wenstein Jensen medium.Results The MTT test and the resazurin microtitre assay showed a good agreement compared with the absolute concentration method for all first-line drugs tested.The sensitibity,specificity and accuracy of the MTT test were 94.8%,96.0%,95.3%,for RFP;93.8%,93.8%,93.8% for INH;92.9%,96.O%,95.3% for EMB,90.6%,87.5%,89.1% for SM,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the resazurin microtitre assay were 92.3%,96.0%,93.8%,for RFP;90.6%,90.6%,90.6% for INH;92.9%,94.0%,93.8% for EMB,87.5%,87.5%,87.5% for SM,respectively.The Kappa value of the MTT test and the absolute concentration method for the detection of resistance to RFP,INH,EMB,SM were 0.857,0.831,0.714,0.792.respeedvely;The Kappa value of the regazurin mierotitre assay and the absolute concentration method for the detection of resistance to RFP,INH,EMB,SM were 0.871,0.826,0.826,0.750,respectively.The Kappa value of the MTT test and the resazurin microtitre assay for the detection of resistance to RFP,INH,EMB,SM wefe 0.889,0.875.0.787,0.844,respectively.Conclusions Both MTT test and the resazurin microtitre assays are simple,rapid,low-cost and sensitive for rapid detection of resistance to first-line drugs.They could be promising methods for susceptibility assay of the first-line antituberculosis drugs in low-resource countries.

Genetic identification of internal transcribed spacers sequence in rDNA of Artemisis iwayomogi Kitam. and other two Artemisia species / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To make an useful identification method for the molecule of DNA on 3 herbs of Artemisia genus and compare the differences of the genes of Korean and Chinese species of Artemisia. METHODS: Sequence of 3 herbs (Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., Artemisia iwayomogi Kitam. and Artemisia capillaris Thunb.) was determined by PCR sequence system. DNA was extracted from rDNA/ITS (internal transcribed spacers) and 5.8 s. The analysis was based on the amplification through DNA sequence system. RESULTS: There were profound differences between the Korean Artemisia and Artemisia sacrorum L. These 2 herbs had a difference in the PCR amplifications of the agarose gel electrophoresis. There was a slight difference in the analysis of the DNA sequence system, and the substitution percentage for ITS gene fragments sequence was 3.96%. CONCLUSION: Analytic identification method on sequence system of ITS in rDNA is effective for these 3 herbs.

The Study of the Susceptibility of M.tuberculosis to Rifampin by Micro-well Phage Replication Assay / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To assess susceptibility of to 173 clinical M.tuberculosis isolates to by Micro-well Phage Replication Assay(MPRA).Methods To prepare the isolates and expose them to rifampin . To prepare phage D29 suspension . MPRA array for the susceptibility to rifampin.Results Compared with the absolute concentration method ,there were the same result of 38 isolate in 42 susceptible strains and of 124 isolate in 131 resistant strains. Between result of MPRA assay and absolute concentrstion (method,) concordance was 93.6%(38/42), susceptibility was 94.9%(124/131) and specificity is 90.5%((38/42).)Conclusion MPRA assay is a good and rapid method for drug susceptibility of rifampin.

IDENTIFICATION OF CHINESE CRUDE DRUG SNAKE GALLBLADDER BY DNA MOLECULAR MARKER / 药学学报

AIM　It is difficult to identify the Chinese crude drug snake gallbladder accurately by morphological and microscopical characteristics or chemical components only. In order to solve the problem, the technique based on DNA molecular marker was introduced into the authentication of snake gallbladder. METHODS　DNA templates were extracted from the membrane or the bile of snake gallbladder, and also from the muscle of the original animal Elaphe schrenckii. About 400 bp DNA fragments of 12S rRNA gene were amplified from the templates and sequenced subsequently. RESULTS　Enough amounts of DNA templates could be extracted from a bit of membrane or bile of snake gallbladder. The sequence of amplicons from the membrane, bile and muscle of the same individual were identical completely. CONCLUSION　The technique of DNA molecular marker could be used for the authentication of snake gallbladder and bile. The results indicate that the technique could be used for the identification of crude drugs from other animal secretion. DNA sequence analysis also demonstrated that the origins of commercial snake gallbladder were complicated and more efficient quality control was necessary for supervising the crude drug in the market.

Authentication of TCM Carapax Trionycis by allele-specific diagnostic polymeras chain reaction / 中草药

Object\ To develop a convenient and practical method for the identification of Carapax Trionycis Methods\ Based on the sequence variations of 12S rRNA gene between Pelodiscus sinensis and other softshell turtles, a pair of allele specific primers was designed to distinguish P. sinensis from other species of Trionychidae. DNA were extracted and anplified and Carapax Trionycis could be identified accurately by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers Results\ Ten samples of turtle shell from different sources were indentified by the allele specific PCR with the primers The result indicated that three samples were substitutes of Carapax Trionycis, consilient with the result from DNA sequence analysis The mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragment of P. maculatus and a faked imitation had also been sequenced Conclusion\ The primers could be used as key components in Carapax Trionycis identification kit

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C AND GLUTATHIONE ON ULTRAWEAK LUMINESCENCE OF PULMONARY ALVEOLUS MACROPHAGES IN VITRO / 营养学报

Objective:[WT5BZ] The effects of exogenous vitamin C (VC) and glutathione (GSH) on ultraweak spontaneous luminescence of culturing pulmonary alveolus macrophages from rabbits were studiesd. [WT5FZ]Methods:[WT5BZ] In a special thermostat, which was passed through by airs with various concentrations of oxygen, the alveolar macrophages (AMs) were cultured in DMEM medium with VC or GSH, and the spontaneous luminescence of culturing AMs was examined by a luminometer. [WT5FZ]Results:[WT5BZ] when VC in medium was over 0.3 mmol/L, it could significantly enhance the oxidative luminescence of cells exposed to O 2 and cell death was resulted. However, when the cells were exposed to air without O 2 there was no significant effect. On the contrary,the lower concentration of VC (0.03 mmol/L) as well as GSH could reduce the spontaneous luminescence of cells exposed to a high concentration (99.1%) of O 2 in air. [WT5FZ]Conclusion:[WT5BZ] The results show that the spontaneous oxidation of culturing cells is an important reason for the ultraweak luminescence. High concentration of VC can promote cellular oxidative damage in vitro, but the exogenous GSH has a protective effect against oxidization in culturing cells.