Establishment and Modification of Ninety-seven Pneumococcal Serotyping Assays Based on Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To establish and modify quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based serotyping assays to distinguish 97 pneumococcal serotypes.@*METHODS@#A database of capsular polysaccharide ( cps) loci sequences was generated, covering 97 pneumococcal serotypes. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the cps loci structure and target genes related to different pneumococcal serotypes with specific SNPs. A total of 27 novel qPCR serotyping assay primers and probes were established based on qPCR, while 27 recombinant plasmids containing serotype-specific DNA sequence fragments were constructed as reference target sequences to examine the specificity and sensitivity of the qPCR assay. A panel of pneumococcal reference strains was employed to evaluate the capability of pneumococcal serotyping.@*RESULTS@#A total of 97 pneumococcal serotyping assays based on qPCR were established and modified, which included 64 serotypes previously reported as well as an additional 33 serotypes. Twenty-seven novel qPCR serotyping target sequences were implemented in the pneumococcal qPCR serotyping system. A total of 97 pneumococcal serotypes, which included 52 individual serotypes and 45 serotypes belonging to 20 serogroups, could not be identified as individual serotypes. The sensitivity of qPCR assays based on 27 target sequences was 1-100 copies/µL. The specificity of the qPCR assays was 100%, which were tested by a panel of 90 serotypes of the pneumococcal reference strains.@*CONCLUSION@#A total of 27 novel qPCR assays were established and modified to analyze 97 pneumococcal serotypes.

Genetic and Phenotypic Variation of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 Caused by flhA Mutation during Laboratory Passage / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 is commonly used as a standard strain for flagellar biosynthesis research. In this report, two distinguished phenotypic isolates (CJ1Z, flhA mutant strain, lawn; CJ2S, flhA complemented strain, normal colony) appeared during laboratory passages for NCTC11168.@*METHODS@#Phenotypic assessments, including motility plates, transmission electron microscopy, biofilm formation assay, autoagglutination assay, and genome re-sequencing for these two isolates (CJ1Z, flhA mutant strain; CJ2S, flhA complemented strain) were carried out in this study.@*RESULTS@#Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the flagellum was lost in CJ1Z. Phenotypic assessments and genome sequencing of the two isolates were performed in this study. The capacity for biofilm formation, colony auto-agglutination, and isolate motility was reduced in the mutant CJ1Z. Comparative genomic analysis indicated a unique native nucleotide insertion in flhA (nt, 2154) that caused the I719Y and I720Y mutations and early truncation in flhA.@*CONCLUSION@#FlhA has been found to influence the expression of flagella in C. jejuni. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the function of the C-terminal of this protein.

Polypeptide from Moschus Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting NF-κ B-ROS/NLRP3 Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To examine the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of polypeptide from Moschus (PPM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 macrophages and BALB/c mice.@*METHODS@#The polypeptide was extracted from Moschus and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Subsequently, LPS was used to induce inflammation in THP-1 macrophages and BALB/c mice. In LPS-treated or untreated THP-1 macrophages, cell viability was observed by cell counting kit 8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays; the proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively; and protein and mRNA levels were measured by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. In LPS-induced BALB/c mice, the proinflammatory cytokines were measured, and lung histology and cytokines were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The SDS-PAGE results suggested that the molecular weight of purified PPM was in the range of 10-26 kD. In vitro, PPM reduced the production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6 and ROS in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages (P<0.01). Western blot analysis demonstrated that PPM inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway by reducing protein expression of phospho-NF-κB p65, phospho-inhibitors of NF-κB (Iκ Bs) kinase α/β (IKKα/β), TXNIP, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, qRT-PCR revealed the inhibitory effects of PPM on the mRNA levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, in LPS-induced BALB/c mice, PPM reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum (P<0.05 or P<0.01), decreased IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the lungs (P<0.01) and alleviated pathological injury to the lungs.@*CONCLUSION@#PPM could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB-ROS/NLRP3 pathway, and may be a novel potential candidate drug for treating inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.

Associação entre Nível de Big Endotelina-1 Plasmática e a Gravidade da Doença Arterial Coronariana em Pacientes com Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST / Association between Plasma Big Endothelin-1 Level and The Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Non-ST Segment-Elevated Myocardial Infarction

Resumo Fundamento A estratificação de risco precoce com biomarcadores simples é essencial em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMSSST). Objetivo Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a associação entre nível de big endotelina-1 plasmática (ET-1) e o escore SYNTAX (SS) em pacientes com IAMSSST. Métodos Foram recrutados 766 pacientes com IAMSSST que passaram por angiografia coronária. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: SS baixo (≤22), SS intermediário (23-32), e SS alto (>32). A correlação de Spearman, o ajuste de curva suave, a regressão logística, e a análise de curva característica de operação do receptor (ROC) foram realizados para avaliar a associação entre o nível de big ET-1 plasmática e o SS. Um p-valor <0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Foi identificada uma correlação significativa entre a big ET-1 e o SS (r=0,378, p<0,001). A curva suavizada indicou uma correlação positiva entre o nível de big ET-1 plasmática e o SS. A análise de curva ROC demonstrou que a área sob a curva foi de 0,695 (0,661-0,727) e o ponto de corte ideal do nível de big ET-1 plasmática foi de 0,35 pmol/l. A regressão logística demonstrou que a big ET-1 elevada era um preditor independente de SS intermediário a alto em pacientes com IAMSSST, seja como variável contínua [RC (IC 95%: 1,110 (1,053-1,170), p<0,001] ou como variável categórica [RC (IC 95%: 2,962 (2,073-4,233), p<0,001]. Conclusão Em pacientes com IAMSSST, o nível de big ET-1 plasmática estava significativamente correlacionado ao SS. O nível de big ET-1 plasmática elevado foi um preditor independente para SS intermediário a alto.

Abstract Background Early risk stratification with simple biomarkers is essential in patients with non-ST segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between plasma big endothelin-1 (ET-1) level and the SYNTAX score (SS) in patients with NSTEMI. Methods A total of 766 patients with NSTEMI undergoing coronary angiography were recruited. Patients were divided into three groups: low SS (≤22), intermediate SS (23-32), and high SS (>32). Spearman correlation, smooth curve fitting, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate the association between plasma big ET-1 level and the SS. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was a significant correlation between the big ET-1 and the SS (r=0.378, p<0.001). The smoothing curve indicated a positive correlation between the plasma big ET-1 level and the SS. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.695 (0.661-0.727) and the optimal cutoff of plasma big ET-1 level was 0.35pmol/l. Logistic regression showed that elevated big ET-1 was an independent predictor of intermediate-high SS in patients with NSTEMI, whether entered as a continuous variable [OR (95% CI): 1.110 (1.053-1.170), p<0.001] or as a categorical variable [OR (95% CI): 2.962 (2.073-4.233), p<0.001]. Conclusion In patients with NSTEMI, the plasma big ET-1 level was significantly correlated with the SS. Elevated plasma big ET-1 level was an independent predictor for intermediate-high SS.

Analgesic effect of intercostal nerve block given preventively or at the end of operation in video-assisted thoracic surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective To compare the analgesic effect of intercostal nerve block (INB) with ropivacaine when given preventively or at the end of the operation in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Methods A total of 50 patients undergoing VATS were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the preventive analgesia group (PR group) were given INB with ropivacaine before the intrathoracic manipulation combined with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). The patients in the post-procedural block group (PO group) were administered INB with ropivacaine at the end of the operation combined with PCA. To evaluate the analgesic effect, postoperative pain was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and Prince Henry Pain Scale (PHPS) scale at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Results At 6 h and 12 h post-surgery, the VAS at rest and PHPS scores in the PR group were significantly lower than those in the PO group. There were no significant differences in pain scores between two groups at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-surgery. Conclusion In patients undergoing VATS, preventive INB with ropivacaine provided a significantly better analgesic effect in the early postoperative period (at least through 12 h post-surgery) than did INB given at the end of surgery.

Highly sensitive electrochemical determination of rutin based on the synergistic effect of 3D porous carbon and cobalt tungstate nanosheets / 药物分析学报

Rutin,a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables,is a potential anticancer compound with strong anti-cancer activity.Therefore,electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin.In this study,CoWO4 nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and porous carbon(PC)was prepared via high-temperature pyrolysis.Successful preparation of the materials was confirmed,and character-ization was performed by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.A mixture of PC and CoWO4 nanosheets was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of rutin.The 3D CoWO4 nanosheets exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and good stability.PC has a high surface-to-volume ratio and superior conductivity.Moreover,the hydrophobicity of PC allows large amounts of rutin to be adsorbed,thereby increasing the concentration of rutin at the electrode surface.Owing to the syn-ergistic effect of the 3D CoWO4 nanosheets and PC,the developed electrochemical sensor was employed to quantitively determine rutin with high stability and sensitivity.The sensor showed a good linear range(5-5000 ng/mL)with a detection limit of O.45 ng/mL.The developed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in crushed tablets and human serum samples.

Effect of Tibetan medicine E-se on insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the effect of E-se extract on insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes anrl explore its mechanism.Methods Ten C57/6J mice were assigned to a normal control group.Fifty KK-Ay model mice were randomly divided into model group, positive control group ( rosiglita- zone, 2.67 mg • kg 1 ), and low- ( 0.75 g • kg 1 ) , medium- ( 1.50 g • kg 1 ) , and high-dose ( 3.00 g • kg ') E-se groups, with 10 mice in each group.All mice were measured for body weight and fasting blood glucose weekly, insulin tolerance on the 32nd day, and insulin after the last administration on the 35th day, and the insulin resistance/sensitivity indexes were calculated.The pancreas was stained by hematoxylin- eosin ( HE ).Islet cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results j j Compared with the model group, the E-se groups showed reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin concentration, and insulin resistance in¬dex, elevated insulin sensitivity index, decreased le¬sion grading score of pancreatic tissues and apoptosis percentage of islet cells, and increased content of GLP- 1 protein in pancreatic tissues.Conclusions E-se ex¬tract can improve insulin resistance by reducing serum insulin level, inhibiting islet cell apoptosis, and in¬creasing the sensitivity of the body to insulin.

Expression of β-1,6 glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2 in gastric cancer and its clinical significance / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探讨β-1,6 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶2（GCNT2）基因在胃癌（GC）组织中的表达及其在GC发生、发展和诊断及预后中的作用。方法：利用TIMER、GEPIA2、Oncomine和UALCAN等数据库数据，以及2018年1月至2019年12月滨州医学院附属医院手术切除的25例GC患者的癌和配对癌旁组织标本，分析GCNT2基因在GC组织中的表达及其在GC诊断和预后中的价值，利用LinkedOmics、GSEA和ssGSEA分析GCNT2所涉及的主要信号通路及其与免疫浸润之间的相关性。将pc-GCNT2及其阴性对照质粒转染进胃癌SGC-7901和BGC-823细胞，用克隆形成实验和Transwell实验检测GCNT2对GC细胞增殖和侵袭的影响，WB法检测细胞中GCNT2、STAT3和PD-L1蛋白的表达水平。结果：GCNT2 mRNA在GC组织中的表达水平显著低于癌旁组织（P<0.05或P<0.01），其表达水平与患者预后显著相关（P<0.05），其对GC诊断有较高的价值。GCNT2在GC组织中的甲基化状态显著高于癌旁组织，GCNT2基因参与的生物过程主要是参与细胞形态发生的成分、细胞间黏附、多细胞生物信号和突触传递等。单基因GSEA分析发现，GCNT2在GC中主要抑制IL-6/JAK/STAT3、IL-2/STAT5信号通路和炎症反应、α/γ干扰素响应与NF-κB表达等。GCNT2的表达与GC组织的免疫浸润具有显著相关性。过表达GCNT2可显著抑制GC细胞的增殖和侵袭能力（均P<0.01），降低细胞中STAT3和PD-L1的表达水平（均P<0.01）。结论：GCNT2基因在GC组织中低表达，与GC的诊断及预后显著相关，其主要通过抑制IL-6/JAK/STAT3和免疫相关致癌信号通路而在GC的发生、发展中发挥重要的作用。

Anti-tumor Application and Pharmacological Mechanism of Xihuangwan： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Malignant tumors are currently seriously endangering human health and life， which has become one of the main causes of death in China. In modern Western medicine， they are mainly tackled by surgery， chemotherapy， and radiotherapy， but the death toll continues to rise year by year. At present， most of the anti-tumor chemotherapeutics used in clinical practice have toxic and side effects， affecting the anti-tumor efficacy and the conditions after treatment. Long-term medication will also induce drug resistance， making the good anti-tumor effect difficult to be achieved. With the vigorous development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has played a crucial role in the fight against tumors. It is believed in TCM that "heat toxin" is one of the important causes of tumors. Therefore， the methods of clearing away heat and removing toxin are often emphasized in the treatment of tumors， and the resulting outcomes are satisfactory. There are many Chinese herbs and Chinese herbal compounds classified into the heat-clearing and toxin-removing type. Xihuangwan， a classic heat-clearing prescription， is composed of Calculus Bovis， Moschus， Olibanum， and Myrrh and has the effects of clearing away heat， removing toxin， eliminating edema， and dissipating mass， which is mainly used to treat carbuncle， pustule， scrofula， multiple abscess， and cancer caused by heat-toxin obstruction. In modern clinical practice， it has been employed in patients with lung cancer， breast cancer， gastric cancer， liver cancer， colorectal cancer， and other malignant tumors， especially during the advanced stage， as a routine or adjuvant treatment for alleviating their clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life. The main active components of Xihuangwan are pentacyclic triterpenoids （such as masticinic acids）， volatile oils， steroids （like porcine deoxycholic acid）， and bilirubin， which have been proved effective in anti-tumor. This paper reviewed the prescription source， pharmaceutical research， clinical anti-tumor research， and pharmacological mechanisms of Xihuangwan， which has provided reference for further expanding the anti-tumor applications of Xihuangwan and enhancing its secondary development.

Historical Evolution and Clinical Application of Classical Prescription Xiao Xumingtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Xiao Xumingtang in The Catalogue of Famous Ancient Classics （The First Batch） issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine is derived from the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency （Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang） written by SUN Si-miao in the Tang dynasty. The present study systematically explored the origin， development， historical evolution， and clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang. As revealed by the results， Xiao Xumingtang as well as its analogues are primary prescriptions indicated for apoplexy before the Tang and Song dynasties and serve as the benchmark for the treatment of apoplexy. After the Song dynasty， due to the changes in the understanding of the pathogenesis of apoplexy and the limitations of the understanding of Xiao Xumingtang， its clinical application to apoplexy gradually decreased. In modern times， it has been re-recognized and applied， during which its clinical applications have undergone great changes. Its clinical applications are extensive， involving a variety of diseases related to the brain and nervous systems， such as stroke and its sequelae， peripheral facial paralysis， rheumatoid arthritis， hypertension， and other diseases related to the motor nervous system. Its primary indications are stroke and its sequelae， followed by peripheral facial paralysis. Other new indications are gradually found. This study is expected to provide references for the clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang and the transformation of new drugs.

Effect of silencing FBXO2 expression on proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of gastric cancer cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#［摘要］ 目的：探讨F 框蛋白2（F-box only protein 2，FBXO2）基因在人胃癌细胞系中表达及其对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和 EMT 的影响。方法：选择胃癌细胞系MGC-803、AGS、SGC-7901、MKN-28 以及正常胃黏膜上皮细胞株GES-1，qPCR 法检测细 胞中FBXO2 mRNA表达水平。设计靶向抑制FBXO2 表达的特异siRNA，并瞬时转染MGC-803 细胞，转染siRNA无义序列的为 阴性对照。qPCR法检测转染48 h 后MGC-803 细胞中FBXO2 mRNA表达水平；用MTT法、细胞划痕愈合法、Transwell 小室法检 测降低FBXO2 表达对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响，WB 法检测细胞中EMT 相关蛋白E-cadherin、N-cadherin、vimentin 的表达。 结果：4 种胃癌细胞中FBXO2 mRNA表达水平显著高于胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1（P<0.05 或P<0.01）。与阴性对照组相比，siRNAFBXO2 组MGC-803 细胞中FBXO2 mRNA表达下调（P<0.01），该细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力受到显著抑制（P<0.05 或P<0.01）， E-cadherin 蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.01），N-cadherin、vimentin 蛋白表达显著降低（均P<0.01）。结论：低表达的FBXO2 可抑制胃 癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，该抑制作用可能与EMT过程有关。

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To study the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (LYMQOL) in lymphedema patients. Methods LYMQOL was translated into Chinese. The Chinese version of the LYMQOL was distributed with the official Wechat account "Lymphedema Channel" to lymphedema patients who were recruited from October 28

Clinical Value of 1.5-T Non-contrast Whole-heart Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography in Evaluating the Severity of Coronary Stenosis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 1.5-T non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart magnetic resonance coronary angiography(MRCA)for≥50% and≥70% coronary artery stenosis in coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods Forty-one patients clinically scheduled for invasive coronary angiography(ICA)underwent 1.5-T non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart MRCA.The diagnostic performance for≥50% and≥70% stenosis was evaluated and compared using ICA as a reference standard.Results MRCA was completed in all the 41 patients with the total acquisition time of(10.1 ± 2.2)min.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of MRCA for≥50% and≥70% stenosis were 100%(95%

Assessing the association of appropriateness of coronary revascularization and 1-year clinical outcomes for patients with stable coronary artery disease in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The Chinese appropriate use criteria (AUC) for coronary revascularization was released in 2016 to improve the use of coronary revascularization. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the appropriateness of coronary revascularization based on the Chinese AUC and 1-year outcomes in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.@*METHODS@#We conducted a prospective, multi-center cohort study of stable CAD patients with coronary lesion stenosis ≥50%. After the classification of appropriateness based on Chinese AUC, patients were categorized into the coronary revascularization group or the medical therapy group based on treatment received. The primary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, repeated revascularization, and ischemic symptoms with hospital admission.@*RESULTS@#From August 2016 to August 2017, 6085 patients were consecutively enrolled. Coronary revascularization was associated with a lower adjusted hazard of 1-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-0.86; P = 0.004) than medical therapy in patients with appropriate indications (n = 1617). No significant benefit in 1-year MACCEs was found after revascularization compared to after medical therapy in patients with uncertain indications (n = 2658, HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.52-1.25; P = 0.338) and inappropriate indications (n = 1810, HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.51-1.23; P = 0.308).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In patients with appropriate indications according to Chinese AUC, coronary revascularization was associated with significantly lower risk of MACCEs at 1 year. No benefit was found in coronary revascularization in patients with inappropriate indications. Our findings provide evidence for using Chinese AUC to guide clinical decision-making.@*CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION@#NCT02880605. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Hepatotoxicity Effect of Xanthii Fructus on Immune-sensitive Rat Model Induced by Endotoxin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the pharmaceutical idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity effect of Xanthii Fructus on the immune-sensitive rat model induced by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Method:The SD rats were randomly divided into five groups： control group， model group， and three Xanthii Fructucs groups. The immune-sensitive rat model was established by LPS （iv. 0.7 mg·kg-1， twice every 7 days）. Then， the rats in control and model groups received the equal volume of distilled water， while the rats in Xanthii Fructus groups were administrated with water extract of Xanthii Fructus intragastrically （1.67， 5.01， 16.7 g·kg-1， respectively） for 14 days. The serum and liver of the rats were collected on the 7th and 14th day to examine the levels of hepatotoxic biomarkers， including alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBil）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and total bile acids （TBA）， and liver histopathology. In addition， inflammatory factors， including interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， interleukin-2（IL-2）， interleukin-6（IL-6）， interleukin-10（IL-10）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）of the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity rats， were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Result:The immune-sensitive model rats showed elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6（P<0.05，P<0.01）， and mild inflammatory cells infiltrated in portal area of liver significantly （P<0.05）， with no significant changes in hepatotoxic biomarkers. Meanwhile， there was no significant change between Xanthii Fructus groups and model rats in the levels of hepatotoxic biomarkers， inflammatory factors and hepatic lesions. Conclusion:Water extract of Xanthii Fructus intragastrically does not affect the levels of hepatotoxic biomarkers， inflammatory factors and hepatic lesions in rats induced by LPS intravenously. That is to say， Xanthii Fructus does not induce pharmaceutical idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.

Comparative analysis of two incision-making methods for manual small incision cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To evaluate the effect of two incision-making methods on operation and postoperative effect in manual small incision cataract surgery(MSICS)for patients with hard nucleus aged cataract and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of two incision methods.<p>METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 56 patients with senile cataract with hard nucleus from February 2017 to February 2019 in our hospital was made, which was divided into two groups according to the different surgical methods. group A(31 eyes)with long incision(about 7-8mm), long tunnel(central 5mm length 3.5-4mm, internal incision of both sides extending about 1-1.5mm to the back of the side, making the front end of the incision trapezoid), thick scleral flap(about 2/3 film thickness). group B(25 eyes)with short incision(about 5.5mm), short tunnel(long 3mm, regular flush of internal incision, linear), and regular thickness scleral flap(about 1/2 film thickness). The best corrected visual acuity recovery of 1d, 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after operation, central corneal thickness after 1d, 1wk operation and corneal astigmatism degree, corneal endothelial cell loss degree after 3mo operation were compared.<p>RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity(greater than or equal to 0.5)for 1d, 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after operation in the two groups(77%, 90%,94% and 94% in the A group and 32%, 72%, 88% and 88% in the B group)was statistically significant \〖<i>β</i>=-1.338, Exp<i>(β)</i>=0.262, <i>P</i><0.05\〗. The central corneal thickness of the two groups had time difference and interaction effect before and after operation(<i>P</i><0.05), and there was no difference between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in corneal endothelial cell density(2159.84±245.20/mm2 in the group A and 2019.68±203.97/mm2 in the group B)between the two groups after 3mo of operation(<i>t</i>=2.289, <i>P</i><0.05). There was no significant difference in corneal astigmatism between the two groups(group A 1.57±0.74D and group B 1.39±0.71D)after 3mo of operation(<i>t</i>=0.930,<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: MSICS with long incision, long tunnel, thick scleral flap and trapezoidal internal incision has less damage, quicker recovery and better effect on patients with hard nucleus aged cataract than short incision, short tunnel and linear internal incision.

Comparison of the Pathogenicity of Isolates of Hyperinvasive Sequence Type 7 Belonging to Serogroups A, B, C, and X / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To compare the pathogenicity of isolates of sequence type 7 (ST-7) ( ) belonging to four different serogroups (A, B, C, and X).@*Methods@#Four ST-7 isolates serogrouped as A, B, C, and X and characterized by different capsule structures, were examined for their adhesion and invasion properties, and their ability to induce cytokine release and apoptosis in the host cell (the A549 cell line).@*Results@#Among the four ST-7 isolates, the serogroup A isolate possessed the strongest adhesion and invasion ability. This isolate also induced the release of the highest levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and interferon, and the highest apoptosis rate in the host cells. However, there was no significant difference in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion between the four isolates. Based on the findings, the serogroup X isolate had the weakest pathogenicity, whereas there was almost no difference in the pathogenicity of the isolates from serogroups B and C.@*Conclusions@#The differences in the capsular structure of the four isolates of ST-7 affected their pathogenic capacities. The findings also imply that the hyperinvasive ST-7 lineage may include hypoinvasive isolates.

A new spirocyclic cycloartane triterpenoid from Souliea vaginata / 中国中药杂志

The 70% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Souliea vaginata was purified by multi-chromatographic methods including macroporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and C18-reversed-phase column chromatography. A new spirocyclic cycloartane triterpenoid was isolated and identified as( 16 R*,20 R*,23 S*,24 R*,25 S*)-16,23: 23,26-diepoxy-15α,24,25-trihydroxy-9,19-cycloart-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranoside( 1),and named as soulieoside S. Its planar structure and relative configuration were determined by spectroscopic techniques including 2 D NMR and HRESI-MS. As one of the main components of S. vaginata,compound 1 was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity by a lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-stimulated NO production model in RAW264. 7 macrophages,but it didn't show NO production inhibitory effect.

Dedicated to scientific research and public service: in memory of Su The Lung, a master of preventive medicine in China / 中华疾病控制杂志

Su Teh Lung(1906-1985), a famous public health scientist, medical educator and thinker, one of the founders of epidemiology in China. Through scientific experiments and field investigations, he first clarified the distribution law of Oncomelania hupensis comprehensively and proposed the method of eliminating Oncomelania hupensis, and his work has made outstanding contributions to the study of the causes and prevention of schistosomiasis in China. He advocated a comprehensive research of every link of epidemiological process with ecological research, attached importance to statistical methods and logical thinking, went deep into the field, combined with reality, and created theoretical system of epidemiology in China. He advocated truth, seek truth from facts, devoted all his life to the practice and research of epidemic prevention and control, which has a far-reaching impact on the development of preventive medicine in China and the world.

Radiosensitization of valproic acid to breast cancer cell mcf7 depends on tumor suppressor gene p53 / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of tumor suppressor gene p53 on valproic acid (VPA)-caused radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells MCF7 and its mechanism of homologous recombination (HR) repair. METHODS By infecting breast cancer cells MCF7 with PLKO.1 and p53 shRNA lentiviral particle solution, the isogenic pairing MCF7 cells with down-regulated p53 expression, including MCF7/wild-type p53 (MCF7/wtp53) and MCF7/defective p53 (MCF7/dp53) cells, were established. By infecting MCF7/pDR-GFP cells, the MCF7/pDR-GFP/wfp53 and MCF7/pDR-GFP/cfp53 cells were established. MCF7/wtp53 and MCF7/dp53 cells were divided into control group, VPA group (VPA 0.5mmol«L-1 treatment for 24 h), ionizing radiation (IR, 8 Gy) group and VPA+IR group (VPA 0.5 mmol • L-1 pretreatment for 24 h combined with IR). The expression level of protein P53 was detected by Western blotting, while the nucleus tail length and percentage of cells containing phosphorylated histone (yH2AX) focus formation were detected by comet assay and immunofluorescence assay. The clone formation rate was detected by cell clone formation assay. The HR repair efficiency was detected by flow cytometry, and the percentage of cells containing breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and recombinase 51 (Rad51) focus formation was detected by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Western blotting results showed that the expression of P53 protein was observed in MCF7/wtp53 cells, however, it was decreased in bACF7/dp53 cells significantly (P<0.05). Comet assay and immunofluorescence assay results showed that in WiCF7/wtp53 cells, the nucleus tail length and percentage of cells containing yH2AX focus formation in the VPA+IR group increased compared with the IR group (P<0.05). In MCF7/dp53 cells, the nucleus tail length and percentage of cells containing yH2AX focus formation in VPA + IR group increased compared with the IR group (P<0.05), but still lower than those of the VPA + IR group in MCF7lwtp53 cells (P<0.05). Cell clone formation assay showed that in MCF7/w?p53 cells, the cell viability of the VPA+IR group was lower than that of the IR group (P<0.05). In MCF7Idp53 cells, the cell viability of the VPA+IR group was lower than that of the IR group, but still higher than that of the VPA+IR group in MCF7/wtp53 cells (P<0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that in MCF7/pDR-GFPIwtp53 cells, compared with cell control group, the HR efficiency of VPA group decreased (P<0.05). In MCF7/pDR-GFP/dp53 cells, the HR efficiency of the VPA group was lower than that of the cell control group, but higher than the VPA group in MCF7/pDR-GFP/wtp53 cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence assay results showed that in MCF7/wtp53 cells, the percentage of cells containing BRCA1 and Rad51 focus formation in the VPA+IR group was lower than in the IR group respectively (P<0.05). In MCF7/dp53 cells, the percentage of cells containing BRCA1 and Rad51 focus formation in VPA+IR group was lower than in the IR group respectively (P<0.05), but higher than that of VPA + IR group in MCF7/wtp53 cells (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION VPA can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to IR and is capable of radio sensitization. The inhibition of p53 expression can down-regulate the radiosensitization of VPA, which is associated with the BRCA1-Rad51-mediated over-enhancement of the HR mechanism.