Effect of Buzhong Yiqitang on Th17/Treg Immune Imbalance and Notch1 Signaling Pathway in AIT Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Buzhong Yiqitang on the immune imbalance of helper T cell 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cell （Treg） and Notch1 signaling pathway in mice with autoimmune thyroiditis （AIT）. MethodA total of 60 8-week-old NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， western medicine group （selenium yeast tablet， 32.5 mg·kg-1）， and low-dose （4.78 g·kg-1·d-1）， middle-dose （9.56 g·kg-1·d-1）， and high-dose （19 g·kg-1·d-1） Buzhong Yiqitang groups， with 10 mice in each group. The normal group was fed with distilled water， and the other groups were fed with water containing 0.05% sodium iodide for eight weeks. After the animal model of AIT was formed spontaneously， the mice were killed under anesthesia after intragastric administration for eight weeks. Serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies （TGAb）， thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）， free triiodothyronine （FT3）， and free thyroid hormone （FT4） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and thyroid tissue changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt （RORγt）， interleukin （IL）-17， forkhead box P3 （FoxP3）， IL-10， Notch1， and hair division-related enhancer 1 （Hes1） in thyroid tissue were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultCompared with the normal group， the thyroid structure of the model group was severely damaged， and lymphocytes were infiltrated obviously. The levels of serum TGAb， FT3， and FT4 contents were significantly increased， and TSH content was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RORγt， IL-17， Notch1， and Hes1 were significantly increased， while those of FoxP3 and IL10 were significantly decreased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， thyroid structural damage and lymphocyte infiltration were improved in the treatment groups， and serum TGAb， FT3， and FT4 contents were significantly decreased. TSH content was increased， and mRNA and protein expression levels of RORγt， IL-17， Notch1， and Hes1 were decreased. mRNA and protein expression levels of FoxP3 and IL-10 were increased to different degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the middle-dose Buzhong Yiqitang group had the most significant intervention effect. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang can alleviate the thyroid structural damage in AIT mice， and its mechanism may be related to improving the abnormal differentiation of Th17/Treg immune cells and inhibiting the activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway.

Locking loop stitch with suture-bridge technique in repair of acute closed distal Achilles tendon rupture by using suture anchors / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical efficacy of Locking loop stitch with suture-bridge technique in repair of acute closed distal Achilles tendon rupture by using suture anchors.@*METHODS@#From July 2019 to March 2021, 20 patients with acute closed distal Achilles tendon rupture were treated by minimally invasive suture anchor locking suture bridging repair technique. Among them, including 18 males and 2 females, aged from 19 to 52 years old with an average of(40.0±9.0) years old. Complications were observed, and recovery of ankle function was evaluated by American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society(AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot function scoring system before operation and 1 year after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients followed up from 6 to 18 months with an average of (12.0±3.2) months. The incisions were healed at stageⅠwithout infection and skin necrosis occurred;no gastrocnemius nerve injury and deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities occurred;and no heel pain and Achilles tendon re-rupture occurred. AOFAS scores of ankle and hindfoot increased from(59.0±4.3) before opertaion to(95.1±2.6) at 1 year after operation (t=-32.1, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of locking suture bridging with suture anchor nails to repair acute distal Achilles tendon rupture is definite, and it could reduce incidence of complications such as Achilles tendon re-rupture, nerve injury, and skin necrosis, which has advantages of small surgical trauma, reliable anastomosis method and good functional recovery, and is an ideal method for treating acute closed distal Achilles tendon rupture.

FKBP38 regulates apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of FKBP38 in inhibiting apoptosis in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)cell model. Methods In vivo experiments:MPTP-induced PD in vivo models were constructed,and the expressions of α-synuclein,TH and FKBP38 in brains of PD mice were detected. In vitro experiments:Dopaminergic neuron MN9D cells were stimulated with rotenone to construct an in vitro model of PD; Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of α-synuclein,TH,Tom20 and FKBP38 in PD in vitro model; FKBP38 lentivirus was transferred into MN9D cells to construct stable overexpression and FKBP38 knockdown cell lines; CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell viability of FKBP38 overexpression and knockdown cells stimulated by rotenone; Western blot was used to detect anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and apoptosis protein in PD cell model expression levels of Bax. Results The expression level of FKBP38 was significantly down-regulated in both in vitro and in vivo models of PD(P<0.01). Knockdown of FKBP38 aggravated the decline of dopaminergic neuron cell viability caused by rotenone(P<0.05),while overexpression of FKBP38 significantly ameliorated the decline of dopaminergic neuron cell viability caused by rotenone(P<0.05). Western blot results showed that overexpression of FKBP38 could significantly up-regulate the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in PD dopaminergic neurons(P<0.05). Conclusion In the PD cell model regulation of FKBP38 can improve the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons.

Effect of Banxia Xiexintang on NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pyroptosis Pathway in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Banxia Xiexintang （BXT） on the NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1） pyroptosis pathway and its downstream factors in rats with ulcerative colitis （UC）， and to explain the mechanism of BXT in the treatment of UC. MethodSD rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， low- and high-dose BXT groups （6.3， 12.6 g·kg-1·d-1）， and salazosulfapyridine （SASP） group （0.42 g·kg-1·d-1）， with 7 rats in each group. The UC model was induced by intragastric administration of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） solution for 10 days， followed by drug intervention for 7 days. The general state of rats was observed during the experiment， and the disease activity index （DAI） score was calculated during the administration period. At the end of the experiment， colonic tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe the pathological changes and the curative effect of BXT. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA transcriptional levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， gasdermin D （GSDMD）， and interleukin （IL）-1β in colonic tissues. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD， and IL-1β in colonic tissues to explore the therapeutic mechanism of BXT. ResultCompared with the normal control group， the model group showed increased DAI score， pathological changes in colonic tissues， and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD， and IL-1β （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed reduced DAI scores and improved pathological changes in colonic tissues. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD， and IL-1β in colonic tissues of the BXT groups were significantly down-regulated or tended to be down-regulated， especially in the low-dose BXT group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBXT can inhibit pyroptosis and alleviate inflammation in rats with UC by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway.

Effects of exercise on the celluar immune function of mice induced by PM2.5 / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore the effect of exercise on the celluar immune function of mice induced by PM2.5. Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups, filtered air, concentrated PM2.5, exercise and filtered air, and exercise and concentrated PM2.5, with six mice in each group.The mice in the exercise group ran on the treadmill for 1 h every day, and then the mice in the four groups were respectively exposed to concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air after 1 h of rest.After twenty-four weeks, flow cytometric assay was used to detect the quantity of CD3+CD4+CD8a+ T cells, CD18+ T cells and CD154+ T cells in spleen in mice of the four groups. Results The median concentration of PM2.5 in the exposure chamber, filtered chamber and ambient air were 49.24, 12.18, 32.25 μg/m3, respectively.PM2.5 exposure led to increase in CD3+CD4+CD8a+ T cells (P < 0.05) and decrease in CD154+ T cells (P < 0.05), whereas running was beneficial for decreasing CD3+CD4+CD8a+ T cells (P < 0.05) and increasing CD154+ T cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions PM2.5 exposure induces perturbation of the immune system.Regular running proves to be helpful for maintaining the balance of the immune system and improving the body′s resistance to PM2.5.

Overview of Experimental Methods for Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Drugs / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The antibiotics have obvious antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, but their toxic side effect, secondary infection and bacterial resistance have become a global problem. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has always been the treasure of traditional culture and national characteristics in China since ancient times. It also has remarkable effect on inhibiting the growth of bacteria and killing pathogenic bacteria. The research on bacteriostatic experiment of TCM has gradually become a hot topic. Sensitivity experiments for such natural medicines have gradually become a research hotspot, but the complexity and particularity of natural medicines will vary with different methods. Therefore, different methods of drug sensitivity experiments should be matched with different natural drugs. By collecting and sorting out the relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper systematically summarizes the commonly used in vitro, in vivo and their combination bacteriostasis experimental methods of natural medicine activity, analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each method in the process of application, finds that different kinds of natural drugs have different applicable methods, and puts forward suggestions for the operation of each experimental method, in order to provide ideas for the selection of antibacterial susceptibility research experiments of natural medicines. It also provides a reliable reference method for solving the problem of antibiotic abuse and the development and utilization of natural medicines.

Study on Ranunculaceae herbal decoction pieces using X-ray diffraction / 中国中药杂志

The powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) technique was used to investigate fourteen kinds of Ranunculaceae herbal decoction pieces(RHDP) recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and to explore a novel PXRD quality control method for RHDP. The results indicated that only three RHDP-Paeoniae Radix Alba, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, and Moutan Cortex, contained calcium oxalate monodydrate(COM), whereas no COM existed in other eleven kinds of RHDP. The difference in PXRD for Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra from different growing areas were investigated. The quantitative analysis method for COM was discussed by considering the water-boiling manufacturing process of herbal decoction pieces. The water-boiling experiments revealed that the PXRD peaks from COM crystals in RHDP were enhanced significantly after boiling. Paeoniae Radix Alba, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Aconiti Radix, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, and Anemone Raddeanae Rhizoma exhibited a similar series of broader peaks in the 2θ region of 15° to 35°, whose origins were discussed on the basis of chemical constituents RHDP reported by other researchers. These diffraction broader peaks most likely originated from periodic orientation of benzene ring in organic molecular crystals of aconitine-and paeonolum-based alkaloids and glycosides chemical constituents, subsequently, possibly from some other organic constituents. The PXRD technique can be used to rapidly identify Cimicifuga heracleifolia with an amorphous dispersion peak and C. dahurica with a sharp-peak feature. Climatidis Radix et Rhizoma exhibited a series of sharp PXRD peaks. The PXRD method can provide a valuable quality control method for RHDP.

Distribution of bacteria of wound secretion and drug susceptibility analysis in infected patients from Department of Hand Surgery / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To analyze the results of bacteria distribution of wound secretion and the drug susceptibility test of the infected patients from Department of Hand Surgery, and to provide the evidence for antibiotic selection in the infected patients in early stage of treatment. Methods: The clincal data of hospitalized patients from Department of Hand Surgery were collected. The patients were divided into three groups according to the wound conditions. The patients in Group 1 who had no wound while being in hospital were infected after operation; the patients in Group 2 had the contaminated wound but no infection while being in hospital; the patients in Group 3 had definite infection while being in hospital. The results of bacterium culture of wound secretion and drug susceptibility test of the patients in three groups were analyzed. Results: The clinical data of 297 patients were obtained, including 17 patients from Group 1, 201 patients from Group 2, and 79 patients from Group 3. A total of 406 strains of 54 species of bacteria were isolated from 297 patients, including 178 strains (43. 84%, 178/406) gram-positive bacteria and 228 strains (56. 2%, 228/406) gram-negative bacteria. The four most common strains were Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%, 64/406), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.0%, 57/406), Enterobacter cloacae (10.3%, 42/406), and Serratia marcescens (9.9%, 40/406). The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the detection rates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and staphylococcus epidermidis were 9. 4% (6/64) and 72. 0% (46/64), respectively. There were no vancomycin-resistant, linezolidresistant, and tigecycline-resistant positive strains among Staphylococcus susceptibility; and there were no the carbapenem-resistant positive strains among Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens. The susceptibility rate of Enterobacter cloacae to ceftriaxone was 83. 3% (35/42), and its susceptibility to ceftazidime was 90. 5% (38/42). The susceptibility rate of Serratia marcescens to ceftriaxone was 100.0% (40/40), and its susceptibility to ceftazidime was 97.5% (39/40). Conclusion: The first generation of cephalosporin and penicillinase-stabilized penicillin can be used as the preferred empirical antibiotics for the infected patients from Deparment of Hand Surgery in our hospital. The third and fourth generation cephalosporins and quinolones antibiotics can be used as the preferred antibiotics for the infected patients with open trauma as well as the possibility of G- bacillus infection.

Preparation and characterization of citric acid-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To prepare and characterize citric acid (CA)-modified super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for magnetic targeting, hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).@*METHODS@#CA-modified SPIONs (CA-SPIONs) were prepared by co-precipitation method and then the magnetic responsiveness, morphology, particle size, infrared feature, weight percentage of CA, magnetic property and X-ray diffraction pattern of CA-SPIONs were respectively characterized by magnet, transmission electron microscope, laser particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analyzer, vibrating sample magnetometer and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The heating efficiency of the CA-SPIONs was investigated by a high frequency induction heater. The transverse relaxivity (r2) of the CA-SPIONs was evaluated by a 3.0 T MRI scanner.@*RESULTS@#The CA-SPIONs prepared were dispersed well in water with a dark black color and had good magnetic responsiveness. The CA-SPIONs were spherical in shape and uniform in size with an average size around 12 nm. The hydrodynamic average size of the CA-SPIONs was (72.35±4.47) nm with a polydispersity index of 0.231 ± 0.029. The result of infrared spectrum indicated that CA was successfully modified to the surface of SPIONs. The result of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the weight percentage of CA modified on the CA-SPIONs was 9.0%. The result of magnetic property evaluation demonstrated that the CA-SPIONs exhibited excellent superparamagetism with a saturation magnetism of 63.58 emu/g. The XRD result indicated that the CA-SPIONs were in inverse spinel structure. The crystallite size of the CA-SPIONs was calculated to be 12.4 nm by Debye-Scherrer equation. Under the high frequency alternating electromagnetic field with electric current of 9 A and frequency ranging from 45 to 50 kHz, the CA-SPIONs exhibited excellent heating efficiency and the specific absorption rate (SAR) value was calculated to be 26 W/g. The r2 of the CA-SPIONs was assessed to be 338 (mmol/L)-1×s-1 by a 3.0 T MRI scanner, which suggested the excellent negative contrast enhancement effect of the CA-SPIONs.@*CONCLUSION@#The CA-SPIONs are expected to be used as a promising agent for magnetic targeting, hyperthermia and MRI detection.

Effect of G Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 on Angiotensin Ⅱ-induced Hypertrophy of Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: To observe the effect of activated G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) on Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertrophy of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and explore related mechanisms. Methods: Primary cardiomyocytes derived from 2-to 3-day-old neonatal rats were cultured in vitro. Tandem mass tags (TMT) protein mass spectrometry was used to examine protein expressions; relevant bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen the possible regulatory mechanisms. Cardiomyocytes were divided into 6 groups: (1)Blank control group, (2) AngII group, (3)AngII+G1 (GPER1 activator) group, (4)AngII+G1+G15 (GPER1 inhibitor) group, (5)AngII+G1+U0126 (extracellular ERK inhibitor) group and (6)AngII+G1+MK2206 (AKT inhibitor) group (n=3 for each group). Cardiomyocytes GPER1 expressions, mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), protein levels of ERK, AKT with their interactions, autophagy-related proteins LC3II and LC3I were compared among different groups;impact of GPER1 on cardiomyocytes apoptosis was detected by flowcytometry. Results: AngII induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and upregulation of ANP and BNP mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). GPER1 expression could be detected on cardiomyocytes by Immunofluorescence technique. qRT-PCR results showed that GPER1 was activated by the specific activator G1 and mRNA expressions of ANP and BNP were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the specific activator G1 (P<0.05); mRNA levels of ANP and BNP were re-elevated in AngII+G1+G15 group (P<0.05). Western blotting results showed that protein expression of p-ERK and p-AKT was significantly higher in AngII group and AngII+G1 group than in blank control group (P<0.05), significantly reduced in AngII+G1+G15 group compared with AngII+G1 group (P<0.05); decreased expressions of p-ERK, p-AKT and mRNA levels of ANP,BNP were also detected in AngII+G1+MK2206 group (P<0.05). G1 induced protein expression was similar between AngII+G1 group and AngII+G1+U0126 group. Flowcytometry results indicated that cardiomyocytes apoptosis was similar between AngII+G1 group and AngII group (P>0.05). Ratio of LC3II/LC3I was significantly higher and autophagy levels were significantly enhanced in AngII group than in blank control group (P<0.01), these changes could be significantly reversed in AngII +G1 group (P<0.01 vs. AngII). Conclusions: Activation of GPER1 could inhibit neonatal cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, this effect might be related to AKT and ERK signaling pathway and cell autophagy.

Construction and preliminary application analysis of the case library of biotechnology pharmaceu-tical production, learning and research based on the independent innovation / 中华医学教育探索杂志

There are still some problems in the cooperation-education model of the production-learning-research , such as paying attention to the theory but ignoring the transformation of achievements, lack of original innovation in the field of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry and so on. Besides, the advantages of school enterprise cooperation have not been effectively put into teaching. If the platform of production-learning-research constructs the case base which covers all aspects of the comprehensive knowl-edge of biotechnology pharmaceutics, the teachers can use the good resources from the cooperated enterprise, then can more effectively educate the students how to apply the essence of the theory of knowledge into applications. The case study teaching which is based on independent innovation will also inspire the students' innovative consciousness more effectively. National Biotechnology Engineering Research Center does teaching based on the cultivation aim of the innovative talents on the major of pharmacy. The teaching cases should be carefully selected. Various teaching methods should be flexibly applied. The information screening ability, the critical thinking ability, the concise scientific problem-solving ability, the practical ability and the cognitive occupation ability should be cultivated. The cases need to cover the vocational humanistic education and regulations. The application effects of the case teaching during 2011 to 2016 were evaluated.

Clinical assessment of spectrum CT with material decomposition technique in overcoming renal cyst pseudoenhancement / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To evaluate the value of material decomposition imaging of spectrum CT in overcoming renal cyst pseudoenhaneement.Methods Totally 80 patients with renal cysts (total 75 cysts) who underwent CT imaging with GSI mode were collected.The renal cysts were divided into 3 groups according to diameters,group A (diameters 0.5-＜1.5 cm,n=25),B (1.5-＜2.5 cm,n=25) and C (2.5-＜3.5 cm,n=25) respectively.The iodine-water density imaging was reconstructed by using the GSI Viewer analysis software.The CT value and iodine-water concentration of the cysts were recorded.The difference of CT value,iodine-water concentration in unenhanced and enhanced dual phases in each group was compared.Results The difference of CT value between plain scan and parenchyma phase among the 3 groups had statistically significant difference (F=204.128,P＜0.001),and the differences comparing any two were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The postcontrast attenuation increased more than 10 HU in group A and B,indicating renal cyst pseudoenhancement,and less than 10 HU in group C,which had no pseudoenhancement.There were statistical difference in iodine concentration of the cysts of the 3 groups in unenhance,cortical and parenchyma phases (all P＜0.001),but the difference value in unenhance,cortical and parenchyma phases were less than 10 (100 μg/cm3),and the difference value of the 3 group was group A＞group B＞group C (all P＜0.05).The water concentration of the cysts in group A descend in renal cortical and parenchyma phase with statistical difference (P＜0.001),but the difference value was less than 10 mg/cms.Conclusion The measurements of iodine-water concentration appear to drift as well,the smaller the greater,The degree of the iodine concentration shifting is more obvious than water concentration.

Significance of Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Vastus Medialis Oblique in Recurrent Patellar Dislocation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Numerous studies have investigated the influence of osseous factors on patellofemoral joint instability, but research on the influence of dynamic muscle factors in vivo is still in the exploratory stage. This study aimed to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate vastus medialis oblique (VMO) fiber bundles in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation to explore the changes in muscle morphology and function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This prospective study involved 30 patients (7 males and 23 females; average age, 21.4 ± 3.8 years) clinically diagnosed with recurrent patellar dislocation in Peking University Third Hospital and 30 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, and body mass index in our medical school between January 2014 and October 2014. None of the patients had a recent history of traumatic patellar dislocation or transient patellar dislocation. All patients underwent conventional MRI and DTI of the knee. The cross-sectional area of the VMO on MRI and the fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and primary (λ1), secondary (λ2), and three-level characteristic (λ3) values on DTI were measured. The independent-samples t-test was used to compare these parameters between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the patient group showed significantly higher FA values (0.39 ± 0.05 vs. 0.33 ± 0.03) and significantly lower ADC (1.51 ± 0.13 vs. 1.58 ± 0.07), λ2 (4.96 ± 0.13 vs. 5.04 ± 0.07), and λ3 values (4.44 ± 0.14 vs. 4.58 ± 0.07; t = 5.99, t = -2.58, t = -3.02, and t = -4.88, respectively; all P < 0.05). Cross-sectional VMO area and λ1 values did not differ between the two groups (t = -1.82 and t = 0.22, respectively; both P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The functional status of the VMO is closely associated with recurrent patellar dislocation. MRI, especially DTI (FA, ADC, λ2, and λ3), can detect early changes in VMO function and might facilitate the noninvasive monitoring of the functional status of the VMO in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.</p>

"Teaching reformation in biotechnological pharmaceutics based on ""Excellent Engineer Education and Training Plan""" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Biotechnological pharmaceutics is an important course for pharmacy undergraduates , however there are many problems in current curriculum design and teaching methods. With the advantage of our platform National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, we tried to carry out the teaching reformation based on Excellent Engineer Education and Training Plan. We optimized the curriculum standards and teaching design, highlighted the combination ofBiotechnological pharmaceuticsand Engineering, strengthened the experiment teaching, tried the reformation of teaching method such as flipped classroom and PBL, strengthened the cultivation of innovative thinking and scientific research ability. Our teaching reformation is beneficial to cultivating the compound talents in the field of biotechnological pharmaceutics.

SH and HN Protein Genetic Characterization Analysis of Mumps Virus Isolated in Liaoning Province from 2008 to 2014 / 病毒学报

To analyze the genetic characterization of epidemic mumps virus strains in Liaoning Province and provide the basis for mumps control. A total of 32 mumps viruses strains were isolated during 2008-2104. The fragment of SH genes and HN genes were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Basing on the 316 nucleotides of SH gene, The phylogenetic analyses were processed with the data of WHO mumps reference strains downloaded from GenBank and 32 mumps viruses strains. It showed that the 31 mumps virus strains belong to F genotype except MuVi/Liaoning. CHN/16.11 which was G genotype . Comparing to the A reference strains (Jeryl-Lynn and S-79), F genotype MuV were mutated on 12 amino acids sites and 27 amino acids siteson on HN gene. F genotype MuV added one N-glycosylation site in 464th-466th amino acids. The antigenic sites on HN were mutated on 121th, 123th, 279th, 287th, 336th, 356th and 442th. Maybe, it will influence the MuV antigenic.

Genetic Characterization of Hemagglutinin on Measles Virus Epidemic Strain Genotype H1a in Liaoning Province (China) from 1997 to 2014 / 病毒学报

To wished to characterize the hemagglutinin (H) gene of the measles virus epidemic strain H1a in Liaoning Province (China) from 1997-2014 to provide a basis for the control and elimination of measles. All 63 measles virus strains were the H1a genotype. Fragments of the H gene (1854 nucleotides) and nucleoprotein (N) gene (450 nucleotides) were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the PCR products sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic-trees were constructed with reference strains of the genotype-H measles virus downloaded from GenBank, including Chinese measles virus strains isolated in 1993-1994 and the vaccine reference strains S-191 and C-47. Sixty-three strains of the measles virus in 1997-2014 belonged to genotype H1a. The mean evolutionary rate for gene N-450 was higher than that for the H gene. All 63 strains of the measles virus were mutated from: serine (Ser S) to asparagine (Asn N) in the 240th amino acid; arginine (Arg R) to glycine (Gly G) in the 243th; and tyrosine (Tyr Y) to Asn N in the 481th amino acid. All measles virus strains in cluster 2 were mutated from proline (Pro P) to leucine (Leu L) in the 397th amino acid. The other neutralization sites showed no apparent difference when comparing the nucleotides/amino acids of the H gene of S191 vaccine strains.

Protective Roll of Atorvastatin on Cardiac Remodeling Induced by Pressure Overload in Experimental Mice With its Mechanism / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the protective roll of atorvastatin on post-operative cardiac remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in experimental mice with its possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 48 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham group, TAC group, TAC + valsartan group and TAC + atorvastatin group,n=12 in each group. Myocardial hypertrophy model was successfully established at 4 weeks after the operation, and then the animals were further treated by normal saline, valsartan 5mg/kg and atorvastatin 10mg/kg respectively for 8 weeks. Left ventricular anterior wall thickness at diastole (LVAWd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole (LVPWd), LVEF and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) were examined by echocardiography, cardiac hypertrophy indexes were calculated. Protein expression of NF-κB was detected by Western blot analysis, cardiac tissue hydroxyproline (Hyp) level was measured by alkaline hydrolysis, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β were determined by ELISA, cardiac collagen deposition was identiifed by HE and Masson staining. Results: Compared with Sham group, TAC group had increased LVAWd, LVPWd, cardiac hypertrophy indexes and increased area of cardiac fibrosis, allP Conclusion: Atorvastatin had protective roll on myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in experimental mice, which might be related to its anti-inlfammatory effect.

Analysis of epidemiology characteristics of norovirus among diarrheal outpatients in 27 provinces in China, 2009-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiology characteristics of norovirus among diarrheal outpatients in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diarrhea cases were monitored at emergency/outpatient departments at 173 hospitals in 27 provinces of China, with clinical and epidemiological data, and fecal specimens collected and sent to 58 network-laboratories to detect norovirus by RT-PCR method, and to analyze the positive rate of norovirus in various regions, population and time during 2009-2013.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>11.6% of the 34 031 diarrheal cases under surveillance were found with norovirus. Age group of 6-23 month-old children and that of people over 45 years old were found with the highest positive percentage, 13.7% and 12.4% respectively. Positive percentage of norovirus peaks in autumn and winter in a year; it peaks in mid-temperate zones (10.7%) and warm-temperate zones (11.6%) in winter. It peaks in sub-tropical zones in autumn (14.3%). The most prevalent genogroups detected were norovirus G II, accounting for 89.9% of identified strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Norovirus affects all ages and was most prevalent in children and the elderly among diarrhea outpatients. Norovirus' positive percentage showed strong seasonal pattern, and peaks at different times of a year in different climate zones of China. Since no effective preventive measures existed, further study on norovirus epidemiology and intervention strategies should be conducted in future.</p>

Association between diurnal temperature range and respiratory tract infections / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to assess the association between emergency-room visits for respiratory tract infection (RTI) with diurnal temperature range (DTR), a weather parameter closely associated with urbanization and global climate change.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a semiparametric time-series analysis to estimate the percentage increase in emergency-room visits for RTI associated with changes in DTR after adjustment for daily weather conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and outdoor air pollution.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DTR was significantly associated with daily emergency-room visits for RTI. An increase of 1 °C in the current-day (L0) and in the 2-day moving average (L01) DTR corresponded to a 0.94% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34%-1.55%] and 2.08% (95% CI, 1.24%-2.93%) increase in emergency-room visits for RTI, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DTR was associated with increased risk of RTI. More studies are needed to understand the impact of DTR on respiratory health.</p>

Genetic characterization analysis on epidemic rubella virus strains isolated in Liaoning from 2007 to 2012 / 病毒学报

To analyze the genetic characterization of epidemic rubella virus strains isolated in Liaoning from 2007-2012, a total of 145 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero/Slam cell line from the patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics cases in Liaoning Province from 2007 to 2012. Fragments of 945 nucleotides containing 1E gene from 145 rubella virus isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Based on the 739 nucleotides of 1E gene, the phylogenetic trees were constructed with 32 WHO rubella reference strains of 13 genotypes downloaded from GenBank and 145 rubella virus strains. The results showed that the 145 rubella virus strains in 2007 -2012 belonged to genotype 1E, nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 97.2%-100.0% and 97.6%-100.0%, respectively. Compared to the 1E reference strains(Rvi/ Dezhou.CHN/02, RVi/MYS/01), the nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 96.6%-99.2% and 98.2%-100.0%, respectively except for one amino acid change (Val246-Ala246) of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/13, and Asp262-Asn262 of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/4 and RVi/Liaoyang. Liaoning. CHN/26. 11/2. there had no change found in the important antigenic epitope sites, the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes of the other rubella viruses. All the 145 strains isolated had the same amino acid change (Leu338--Phe338) in E1 protein. These findings suggested that genotype 1E of rubella virus was the predominant genotype in Liaoning province. the rubella prevailed in recent six years was mainly caused by rubella viruses genotype 1E with multi-transmission routes.