Clinicopathological analysis of benign mammary ductal cystic papillomatosis with loss of myoepithelial cells / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of benign apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of the breast with loss of myoepithelial cell layer. Methods: The clinical data, histopathological features and immunohistochemical profile of patients with benign apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of breast with loss of myoepithelial cell layer from January 2016 to December 2021 were examined, in which six patients were identified. Results: All six patients were female, aged 36-61 years (median 46 years), who presented with a breast mass; three cases were from the left breast and three cases were from the right breast. Microscopic examination of all cases showed breast hyperplasia with apocrine cysts, accompanied by different degrees of micropapillary and papillary hyperplasia of apocrine cells. One case was associated with lobular carcinoma in situ, and one case was associated with apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ with intraductal dissemination in adenosis. Immunohistochemical staining of CK5/6, p63, SMA, SMMHC, Calponin and CD10 showed complete absence of myoepithelial cell layer surrounding ducts in apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia. Conclusions: The myoepithelial cells of apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of the breast may undergo abnormal changes and may even be completely lost. The diagnosis should be comprehensively considered along with cytomorphological and histological features to avoid overdiagnosis.

Melanin synthesis and regulation in vivo and commonly used melanin inhibitors from natural products and traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Melanin is an important factor affecting human skin color. This study defines its synthetic pathways and regulatory pathways have the practical significance for the treatment of diseases caused by pigmentation problems, such as chloasma. Besides, it also provides a theoretical basis for screening out melanin inhibitors and developing whitening and freckle products. At present, the melanin inhibitors used in whitening and freckle products mainly come from natural products and traditional Chinese medicine. This article first introduces the melanin biosynthesis pathway with tyrosinase as the core, defines the synthesis, transport and catalytic activity of tyrosinase as the three key factors affecting melanin synthesis, and then reviews two common types of melanin inhibitors, namely tyrosinase synthesis inhibitors and tyrosinase inhibitors derived from natural products and traditional Chinese medicine. This article provides guidance for the development of new melanin inhibitors, and puts forward the idea for combining and synergizing inhibitors according to different mechanisms, in order to develop new whitening formulas.

Chemical constituents from Garcinia multiflora fruits / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Garcinia multiflora. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analyses. Results Six compounds were obtained and identified as multiflorone A (1), sargaol (2), δ-tocotrienol (3), luteolin (4), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (5), terephthalic acid bis (2-ethyl-hexyl) ester (6). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new homoadamantyl type phloroglucinol, and compounds 2, 3 and 6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.