Microbe-based management for colorectal cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent, most lethal cancers in the world. Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of CRC. The normal microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining gut barrier function and the immune microenvironment. Recent studies have identified carcinogenic bacteria such as enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and Streptococcus gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus), as well as protective bacterial such as Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), as potential targets of CRC treatment. Gut microbiota modulation aims to restore gut dysbiosis, regulate the intestinal immune system and prevent from pathogen invasion, all of which are beneficial for CRC prevention and prognosis. The utility of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary inventions to treat CRC makes them novel microbe-based management tools. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in bacteria-derived colorectal carcinogenesis and summarized novel bacteria-related therapies for CRC. In summary, we hope to facilitate clinical applications of intestinal bacteria for preventing and treating CRC.

Advance of exosomes in ischemic stroke / 中国病理生理杂志

Stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability in China and even worldwide.At present, treatment of stroke has been traditionally focused on reducing death of ischemic cells.However,clinical trials have shown that none of neuroprotective drugs tested achieve clinical benefit after acute stroke.Exosomes are 30~100 nm extracellular vesicles derived from cells with cell membrane structure.Many studies suggest exosomes play essential roles in intercellular communication by transferring their cargo between source and target cells in brain.Emerging data show that exsomes also make a contribution to brain recovery via regulating highly interactive process pathway after stroke.Here,we review these advances and highlight the potential therapeutic functions of exosomes in brain remodeling after stroke.