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Alzheimer's disease is a common disease among the elderly.It seriously affects the quality of life of patients.There is still no effective treatment.The existence of blood-brain barrier further limits the efficacy of therapeutic drugs.As a highly safe nano-carrier,liposomes can not only carry drugs into the brain,but also have the advantages of reducing toxicity and side effects.Therefore,liposomes are promising in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.This paper summarized the application of different types and functions of liposomes in various therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease,aiming to provide an effective delivery strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus medication in treating sudden hearing loss.Method Sixty patients with sudden hearing loss were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus medication, while the control group was intervened by medication alone. The two groups were treated once a day, 10 d as a treatment course. The pure-tone hearing threshold, plasma endothelin (ET) content, comparative and absolute counting of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were observed before the treatment and after 2 treatment courses, and the clinical efficacies were compared. Result The pure-tone hearing threshold, plasma ET content, comparative counting and absolute counting of EPCs were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05). After the intervention, the pure-tone hearing threshold, plasma ET content, comparative counting and absolute counting of EPCs in serum of the treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 92.6% in the treatment group versus 82.1% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus medication is an effective method in treating sudden hearing loss.
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AIM To study the effects of No.1 Weiyan Decoction (Codonopsis Radix,Paeoniae Radix alba,Taraxaci Herba,etc.) on hypoxia and hypoxic tolerance in gastric mucosal epithelial cells in rats with precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC).METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into normal,model,Vitacoenzyme Tablets and No.1 Weiyan Decoction groups.Except for the normal group,the rats in the other groups were given with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and Little Chengqi Decoction to establish a PLGC rat model.Ten weeks after the administration,the gastric mucosal epithelial microvascular ultrastructure was observed,the expressions of Hif1a mRNA,HIF-1 α protein and VEGF protein in gastric mucosal epithelium were detected.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the number of microvasculatures in gastric mucosal epithelium was decreased;lumen was severely stenosed or expansive;inner wall was not smooth and had adhesion;vascular endothelial cells were swollen;the expression of Hif1α mRNA showed an increasing trend;the expressions of HIF-1α protein and VEGF protein were anomalous in the model group.Compared with the model group,the gastric mucosal vascular lesion of PLGC rats was improved,and the expressions of Hif1a mRNA,HIF-1α protein and VEGF protein were significantly decreased in the No.1 Weiyan Decoction group.CONCLUSION No.1 Weiyan Decoction can improve hypoxia and hypoxia tolerance,and induce angiogenesis in gastric mucosal epithelium in PLGC rats.
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Objective To understand the overall development of TCM technique patent in Guangdong Province through the analysis on the patent application and authorization status of TCM technique patent in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2015. Methods CNIPR and State Intellectual Property Office platform was searched, and 2006-2015 TCM technique patent application literature in Guangdong Province were obtained, the patent application and authorization status were analyzed. Results The number of application for TCM technique patent in Guangdong Province was 1434 during 2006-2015, and the number of application and authorization rates were increasing. The number of application in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of Guangdong Province was greater than that of the non-PRD regions, with individual application of 65.9% and enterprise application of 25.9%; A61K36 accounted for 98.7% in TCM technique patent classification statistics. Conclusion The quantity of patent application of TCM technique in Guangdong Province is large, but the number of application of non-individuals, the rate of authorization, technology statistical classification and innovation ability of TCM technique are low.
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Objective@#To compare the outcome of radiofrequency catheter ablation under local anesthesia/sedation (S) or general anesthesia(GA) in atrial fibrillation patients.@*Methods@#Data of 498 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation in our departmentfrom January 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred and twenty patients assigned to the GA group, the other 278 patients to the S group. Patients were followed clinically every 3 months within one year after procedure. Immediate electrocardiogram was performed in patients with palpitation or choking sensation in chest. The end point of the study was recurrence of any atrial tachyarrhythmia lasting >30 seconds in device interrogation, 24-hour Holter monitoring or 12-lead electrocardiogram after a single procedure. After the ablation procedure, a blanking period of 3 months was allowed according to the guidelines. Procedure time, radiofrequency time, fluoroscopy time, the detection of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, the success rate and the complications were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#There was no difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups, such as age, gender, BMI, complications, LVEF, LAD (all P>0.05). The duration of procedure ((117.8±51.7)minutes vs.(115.4±36.9)minutes, P=0.79), duration of fluoroscopy((12.5±11.2)minutes vs. (10.4±10.2)minutes, P=0.35), duration of radiofrequency((40.1±12.9)minutes vs. (48.6±44.3)minutes, P=0.48) were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with S group, discovery of the frequency of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) was significantly lower in GA group (0 vs. 3.6%(10/278), P<0.01), but the difference disappeared with repeat electrophysiological examination when patients become conscious from GA(3.2%(7/220) vs. 3.6%(10/278), P=0.311). The difference of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) was similar between the two groups(0.9%(2/220) vs. 0.7%(2/278), P=0.841). Compared with S group, reflection of vagus nerve was less in GA group (1.4%(3/220) vs. 8.6%(24/278), P=0.026). After following up of (356±92) days, freedom from atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter/atrial tachyarrhythmia was similar between the two groups(77.9%(162/208) vs. 79.9%(215/269), P=0.818).@*Conclusion@#General anesthesia is a promising method to atrial fibrillation ablation, in view of stable patient status and safety for the procedure. There is no difference in complications, recurrence of arrhythmia between the two groups, but detection rate of AVNRT is lower in GA group.
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Aim To investigate the protective effect of Panax Notoginseng Saponins ( PNS ) on Aβ25-35-in-duced apoptosis in PC12 cells and molecular mecha-nism. Methods The cell viability of PC12 cells was detected by MTT assay. The levels of LDH leakage, ROS,MDA,Caspase-3 activity and antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activity were de-termined by respective kits. The apoptosis of cells was decteced by Western blot. Results PNS could signifi-cantly inhibit the decrease of cell viability and LDH leakage, reduce the production of MDA and ROS( P<0. 01), increase the activity of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px ( P <0. 01 ) , and the mitochondrial membrane poten-tial, inhibit the activation of caspase-3 ( P <0. 01 ) in PC12 cells which were induced by Aβ25-35 . PNS could incrase nuclear Nrf2 and up-regulate HO-1 . The neu-roprotective of PNS could be inhibited by HO-1 inhibi-tor ZnPP. Conclusion PNS may inhibit Aβ25-35-in-duced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating subjective tinnitus.Method Seventy subjective tinnitus patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional medication, while the treatment group was by acupuncture in addition to the medication given to the control. The serum zinc level, copper level, and pure-tone hearing threshold were observed before and after intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result After intervention, the serum zinc and copper levels, and pure-tone hearing threshold were significantly changed in both groups (P<0.05). The serum zinc and copper levels, and pure-tone hearing threshold of the treatment group were significantly different from that of the control group after intervention (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.8% in the treatment group versus 87.9% in the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus medication is an effective way in treating subjective tinnitus.
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Objective To observe the effects of Weipixiao on the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa capillaries in rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer ( PLGC). Methods The rats were randomized into six groups, including normal group, model group, Vatacoenayme Tablets group ( 0.2 g·kg-1·d-1) , and high-, middle-, and low- dose Weipixiao groups ( 15, 7.5, and 3.75 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively) . The rats received spontaneous intake of N-methyl-N’-nitro-nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG, 200 μg/mL) solution combined with irregular diet and intragastric administration of purgative herbs Xiao Chengqi Decoction ( 2 mL, containing 1 g/mL crude drug) for 18 weeks to induce spleen-deficiency PLGC. The pathological changes in gastric mucosa and the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa capillaries were observed under the transmission electron microscope. Results The model has been established successfully. Transmission electron microscopy results in the model group showed as severely swollen endothelial cells of gastric mucosa capillaries, severely-narrowing or even blocked vascular lumens, rough and discontinuous basement membrane, and swollen, degenerated or even absent pericytes. And the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa capillaries in high-, middle-, and low- dose Weipixiao groups were improved to some degrees, the effect of low-dose Weipixiao group being the best. Conclusion The improvement of the mucosal microcirculation of spleen-deficiency PLGC rats may be one of the pathohistological mechanisms of Weipixiao for spleen-deficiency PLGC.
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Objective To observe the morphology changes in articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis ( KOA) model rats after intervention with Shudi Jisheng Zhuanggu Decoction (SJZD). Methods SD rats were randomized into 7 groups, namely blank control group, model group, Paracetamol group ( 0.270 g/kg) , Zhuangu Guanjie Pills group ( 1.08 g/kg) , and high-, middle- and low-dosage SJZD groups ( 27.450, 13.725, 6.863 g/kg, respectively). Rats were injected with papain solution into the right knee joint to build models of KOA before administration of drugs. Thickness of right knee joint was measured to evaluate the effect of SJZD on the swelling degree of knee joint. Histological changes of knee cartilage were evaluated by Mankin scoring method after the cartilage sections being stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Results Swelling degree of knee joint and Mankin scores were significantly increased in the model group compared to the blank control group ( P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, the swelling degree of knee joint and Mankin scores of SJZD groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the pathological changes were relieved. Conclusion SJZD can ameliorate the pathological changes of knee articular cartilage in rats with KOA, so as to delay cartilage degeneration and protect the cartilage.
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Objective To observe the effect of Weipixiao, a compound recipe which has the actions of strengthening spleen, resolving stasis and removing toxins, on the histopathological changes of gastric mucosal tissue in rats with gastric precancerous lesions ( GPL) . Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Vitacoenzyme group (0.2 g·kg-1·d-1), and high-, middle-, and low-dose Weipixiao groups ( in the dose of 15, 7.5, 3.75 g·kg-1·d-1, respectively) . Except for the normal control group, the rats in other groups received spontaneous intake of N-methyl-N’-nitro-nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG) solution combined with irregular diet and oral use of purgative herbs for 18 weeks to induce GPL. From the 9th week, the mediation groups were simultaneously given corresponding medicine for 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the histopathological changes of gastric mucosal tissue in all groups were observed. Results Pathological scores of intestinal metaplasia and epithelial dysplasia in rat gastric mucosa of the model group were significantly increased ( P<0.01 compared with those of the normal group) , but were decreased in three Weipixiao groups to various degrees, particularly in low-dose Weipixiao group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Weipixiao can block and reverse gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in GPL rats to certain degrees, and low-dose Weipixiao may have better long-term effect for the prevention and treatment of GPL.
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Objective To study the influence of swimming training for different periods on rat liver function, and to evaluate the quality of exercise-induced fatigue rat model established by swimming training for different periods. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely blank group, and 7-, 14-, 21-and 28-day exercise groups, 8 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group were fed with normal diet, but were not given exercise training. The other groups were given exercise training for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively, two times a day, 15 minutes every time and with 10-minute resting interval between the two times. At the last day of the experiment, all rats were executed by neck dislocation for the sampling of blood and liver tissues, and then the serum contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. And the contents of total anti-oxidization capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactic acid (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose (Glu) in liver tissues were also examined. Results Compared with the blank group, the contents of ALT and AST were increased in 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups, especially in 21-and 28-day exercise groups (P<0.01) . The contents of T-AOC and MDA were increased in 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups (P<0.01), the effects on T-AOC in the 21-and 28-day exercise groups and on MDA in the 28-day exercise group being more obvious (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . The LA content and LDH activity were increased and the glycogen was decreased in the liver tissues of 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups, and the increase of LA content in 21- and 28-day exercise groups and that of LDH activity in 28-day exercise groups were more significant ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The hepatic glycogen content in 14-, 21-, and 28-day exercise groups were lower than that in the other groups (P<0.01). Conclusion With hepatic function injury in exercise-induced fatigue as the criteria, the exercise-induced fatigue rat model has been successfully established in this study, and the model established by swimming training for 21 and 28 days is more steady.
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This study was aimed to analyze the environment and situation of patent strategy implementation of manufacturing industry of Chinese patent medicines in G uangdong province . This article pointed out that G uang-dong Chinese patent medicines manufacturing implementation patent strategy faced huge opportunities and chal-lenges. It was suggested that the fully understanding, mastering and using of beneficial conditions as well as con-trolling and eliminating the adverse factors will contribute to the better implementation of Chinese patent medicines manufacturing patent strategy in G uangdong province .
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The learning theory of constructivism, formed by the development of cognitive psychology, shaped well thecognitive structure of medical students. It paid attention to the curriculum configuration and integration, and also thoughtmuch of the situated instruction. The theory embodied the main ideology of regarding medical students as the instruc-tional central and the principle of independent study. It offered the theoretical basis and a new view for the setting ofclinical integrate curriculum.
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Objective To observe the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 group on the structure and function of rat skeletal muscle with exercise-induced fatigue.Methods SD rats were randomized into blank control group,model group and ginsenoside Rg1 group.The rats in the model group and ginsenoside Rg1 group received medium-intensity treadmill running to induce exercise-induced fatigue.Ginsenoside Rg1 group was given ginsenoside Rg1 50 mg?kg-1?d-1 for 2 continuous weeks during the modeling.After treatment,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,superoxide dismustase(SOD) activity,mitochondrial membrane potential and free calcium content in the rat skeletal muscle were measured.Meanwhile,ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle was observed under the electron microscope.Results In the model group,SOD activity,mitochondrial membrane potential,and free calcium content were decreased,MDA content was increased,and the difference was significant as compared with the blank control group(P
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Objective This report describes the mechanism of Ginsenoside Re to resist Exercise-induced fatigue based on the observation of effects on MDA content and SOD activity.Methods Thirty male SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly:Ginsenoside Re group,model group and control group,10 rats in each group.Rats in Ginsenoside Re group were given gastric gavage of Ginsenoside Re once a day,while rats in model and control groups were given the same volume of normal saline.One hour after administration,rats of Ginsenoside Re groups and Model groups received medium-intensity treadmill exercise for 20 minutes at the speed of 15m/min,with a slope of 0 degree,and after 40-mimute break repeated it for another 20minutes.Fourteen days later,MDA content and SOD activity have been tested.Results MDA content in the serum,liver tissue and muscle tissue of Ginsenoside Re group was obviously lower than that in the model group (P
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Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of Qingre Anchuang Tablets(QAT) processed by new or old technology on rabbit ear acne.Methods Experimental rabbit ear acne was induced by coal tar.After the modeling,the rabbits were administrated with QAT processed by new or old technology.The thickness,weight and PGE2 level of the acne ear were measured,and the pathological changes of the acne ear were also examined.Results QAT processed by new or old technology could decrease the thickness,weight and PGE2 level of the ear significantly,and relieve the pathological changes of the acne ear.The effects of QAT processed by new technology was better than that of QAT processed by old technology.Conclusion QAT processed by new technology has a better therapeutic effect on rabbit ear acne than QAT processed by old technology.
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Objective To study the effects of Xinkeshu capsule (mainly com po sed of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Puerariae, Fructus Crataegi, Radix Not oginseng, Radix Auklandiae,etc.) on hemorheology of experimental atherosclerosis rabbits. Methods FASCO- 300 viscosity meter was used to detect whole blood v iscosity and plasma viscosity, hematocrit (Wen's tube) and erythrocyte sedimen tation (Wintrobe tube) were tested, and other items of hemorheology were exami ned. Results Xinkeshu capsule significantly inhibited the abnormal rise of who le blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood reduced viscosity, erythr ocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte sedimentation (ES), ES rate K, erythro cyte rigid index and Tk in the rabbits with atherosclerosis induced by high fat foodd( P
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AIM: To observe the hemostatic effect and hemostasis mechanism of XHJ (Auena fatua L.) oral Liqnid on animals. METHODS: Bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) were measured by means of tail cutting and glass slide method on mice, Von willebrand factoe (vWF), prothrombin time (PT) and Kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT) were observed by immunoterbidimerry and coagulase test, antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ) by chromophoric matrix method platelet count by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activatore inactivator (PAI). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that XHJ has remarkable effect on hemostasis; Its mechanism is related to accelerating blood coagulatlon, inhibiting fibrinolytic activity, adding blood vessel endothelial cell release and improving platelet adhesiveness and aggregation.