Advances in neutrophil extracellular traps in bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 国际儿科学杂志

Due to the development of neonatal intensive care, the survival rate of very preterm infants and very low birth weight infants has been significantly improved, and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been obviously increasing year by year.The pathogenesis of BPD has not been clear, it is considered that inflammation is an important link in the occurrence and development of BPD at present.Neutrophils can use their neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and kill pathogens and reduce inflammation, but excessive formation of NETs is easy to induce inflammatory imbalance, so as to damage normal cells or tissues and participate in the pathophysiological process of BPD.This paper reviews the structure, formation, function and regulatory role of NETs in BPD, and the targeted treatment strategies and potential research directions of NETs in BPD.

Effects of adenovirus-mediated interleukin-37 on the growth and radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To analyze the effects of adenovirus-mediated interleukin-37 (IL-37) on the growth and radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549, and to explore the possibility of IL-37 as a new radiosensitizer.Methods:Human NSCLC cell line A549 was used as the research object. A549 cells were divided into three groups: normal A549 cells (control group), empty virus transfected A549 group [NC group, the multiple of infection (MOI) was 100], Ad-IL-37 group (A549 cells were transfected by adenovirus with IL-37, MOI was 100). The expression of IL-37 protein in three groups was detected by Western blot. The three groups were irradiated with 4 Gy irradiation dose at the same time. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to detect the absorbance (A) values and observe the proliferation of A549 cells; flow cytometry was used to observe the phase changes of A549 cells in each group after irradiation; Western blot was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (bax, bcl-2, Caspase-3, and Survivin) in each group after irradiation.Results:The expression level of IL-37 in the control group was 0.17±0.04, NC group was 0.29±0.14, and Ad-IL-37 group was 1.17±0.23 (F = 24.263, P = 0.001); there was no statistical difference in A values among the three groups at 24 h after irradiation (F = 2.587, P = 0.160), while the differences of A values among the three groups at 48, 72, 96, 108 h after irradiation were statistically significant (F values were 21.662, 33.635, 33.663, and 31.909, P values were 0.005, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the cell proliferation inhibition rate between NC group and Ad-IL-37 group at 24 h after irradiation (t = 1.620, P = 0.247), while the differences were statistically significant at 48, 72, 96, 108 h after irradiation (t values were 5.414, 7.233, 15.306, and 19.035, P values were 0.032, 0.019, 0.004, and 0.003, respectively). The combination of IL-37 and radiation could affect the cell cycle, the proportion of S-phase cells was (36.4±1.0)% in the control group, (31.3±0.6)% in the NC group, and (27.2±2.9)% in the Ad-IL-37 group (F = 12.96, P = 0.007), and the proportion of in G 2/M-phase cells was (20.5±0.8)% in the control group, (24.7±2.9)% in the NC group, and (41.4±4.1)% in the Ad-IL-37 group, (F = 27.92, P = 0.001). IL-37 could up-regulate the expressions of pro-apoptotic factors bax and Caspase-3 proteins in A549 cells after irradiation (F values were 10.31 and 14.51, P values were both 0.01), and down-regulate the expressions of apoptotic factors bcl-2 and Survivin proteins (F values were 8.95 and 5.52, P values were 0.02 and 0.04). Conclusion:IL-37 could inhibit the growth of human NSCLC cell line A549 and has potential radiosensitization effects, which may be caused by affecting the apoptosis of tumor cells.

Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression in early adolescence / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between Adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) and depression in early adolescence, and to provide scientific basis for effectively coping with the impact of ACEs on adolescents’ mental health.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select adolescents in grade 6-8 in three middle schools of Shanghai during November and December of 2017. Adolescents were investigated anonymously using computer assisted self-interview approach via the tablets. Information including demographic characteristics, ACEs, and depression was collected. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between ACEs and depression, after controlling potential confounders.@*Results@#Totally 1 629 eligible records were obtained. 65.25% of the respondents had experienced of neglect, followed by those abused(61.26%), and the incidence of family dysfunction was relatively low(20.81%). About 79.01% of the respondents had experienced at least one ACE, and more than half(61.45%) of the respondents had experienced at least two ACEs, and 10.01% of the respondents had experienced five or more ACEs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abuse and neglect experienced by male and female adolescents was associated with depression severity, with the OR values ranging from 2.62 to 3.60. Family dysfunction was found to be associated with depression only in male adolescents, with the OR of 1.91. The cumulative effect of ACE score on depression was observed.@*Conclusion@#Different types of ACEs in early adolescents are associated with depression, and ACEs have cumulative effects on depression severity.

Progress in application of the combination of neural stem cells and Schwann cells for nerve repairing / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Neural stem cells (NSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) both play an important role in the recovery and regeneration of peripheral nerve injury, which makes them become the focus in the field of nerve injury research. SCs provide a suitable microenvironment for the recovery and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve through secreting various cytokines and other related factors, and they can significantly promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons. Recently with the development of microsurgical technique, using nerve conduits along with NSCs and SCs to bridge nerve stumps so as to repair peripheral nerve injury has now attracted increasing research interest. In this article, we focus on the effects and mechanisms of NSCs and SCs on peripheral nerve injury and regeneration process, and describe the future trend and potential clinical application of the technology combining both two cells and nerve conduits to repair peripheral nerve injury.

Surgical treatment for severe stenosis of esophageal access / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the surgical management for the severe stenosis of peripheral esophageal access.@*METHOD@#Twenty-three patients who underwent severe stenosis of peripheral esophageal access from 2000 to 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical plan was selected by considering the stage of stenosis, dilatation, reconstruction of hypopharynx, oesophagus or larynx.@*RESULT@#Twenty-two patients resumed a normal oral diet and 21 cases succeeded in decannulation, no stenosis recurred after a 1-9 years follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#The severe stenosis of peripheral esophageal access can get good results when the appropriate surgical plan were choice.

Study on self-assessment, acoustic analysis, laryngoscopy for patients with voice surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the self-assessment, acoustic analysis, laryngoscopy and its relationship for patients with voice disorders before and after surgery.@*METHODS@#Fifty patients with voice disorders were undergone self-assessment, acoustic analysis, and laryngoscopy before and after voice surgery. Self-assessment were done by voice handicap index (VHI) Scale Chinese version, including functional (F), physiological (P), emotion (E) and its sum denoted as T. Acoustic analysis were made for patient samples by Dr. Speech voice analysis software and jitter (J), shimmer (S), normalized noise energy (NNE) were selected as three parameters. Laryngoscopic examination were used to record the closure of vocal cord morphologically (C).@*RESULT@#In addition to E, F, P and T(VH) of VHI scale had a good correlation. In acoustic analysis J, S and NNE had a good correlation between them. F, P and T(VH) of VHI scale and acoustic analysis parameters J, S and NNE had a good correlation. Closed degree C and the VHI scale F, P and T(VH) as well as acoustic analysis parameters J, S, NNE had a good correlation. All the above data use were analyzed by Pearson correlation test.@*CONCLUSION@#VHI scale Chinese version make the patient's subjective feelings as the center, thus it has some limitations for the impact of East-West cultural differences, age, educational level and other factors. Acoustic analysis can show a detailed objective aspect of the patient's voice quality and evaluate the result of surgical treatment. Laryngoscopy provide an excellent morphological evidence. Consistency of three methods can do a comprehensive assessment for the voice disease.