Distribution of pathological types and epidemiological characteristics based on kidney biopsy in Northwest China

The spectrum of biopsy-confirmed kidney disease varies with regions and periods. We describe the distribution of pathological types and epidemiological characteristics of kidney diseases in Northwest China due to regional differences in geographical environment, social economy, and dietary habits. Methods: Kidney biopsy cases from 2005 to 2020 in Xijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological characteristics of patients in different periods were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends in pathological types and disease spectrum. Results: A total of 10,528 eligible patients were included. Primary glomerular disease (PGD) accounted for the majority of the cases and exhibited an obvious downward trend, whereas secondary glomerular disease (SGD) showed an obvious upward trend. Among PGD, immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remained the most common pathological type, and the detection rate of membranous nephropathy (MN) was significantly increased. Among SGD, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) was the most common pathological type and may present a significant characteristic of Northwest China. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) exhibited the most obvious upward trend in the whole process, whereas the fastest growth since 2012 was in hypertensive nephropathy. Conclusion: The proportion of SGD increased whereas PGD declined. IgAN remained the most common PGD, and HSPN was the most common SGD. MN and DN showed the most obvious upward trend among PGD and SGD, respectively. Changes in the spectrum of kidney disease, especially the constituent ratio of SGD, pose a great challenge to public health.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor alleviates diabetic kidney disease mouse tubulopathy / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor on tubulopathy in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) mice.Methods C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10) and DKD model group (n=30),by giving a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ 150 mg/kg to establish a DKD model.After established successfully,the mice in DKD model group were randomly divided into DKD group (n=10),benazepril group (n=10) and IGF-1R inhibitor group (n=10).IGF-1R inhibitor group was given intraperitoneal injection of IGF-1R inhibitor (30 mg· kg-1· d-1) and benazepril group was given intraperitoneal injection of benazepril (30 mg· kg-1· d-1).Normal control group and DKD group were given an equal amount of normal saline.After 8 weeks of feeding,mice were euthanatized.Body weight and kidney weight were recorded.Blood,urine and kidney samples were collected.Biochemical tests such as blood glucose and urine albumin were measured by automatic biochemical instruments and albumin excretion rate was calculated.Pathological changes of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS).Phosph (p) IGF-1R expression level was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Compared with the normal control group,blood glucose,kidney weight/body weight and urinary albumin excretion rate were significantly higher in DKD group (all P ＜ 0.01).In DKD mice,glomerular expansion,tubular stenosis,tubular swelling and tubular atrophy were significantly detected.Meanwhile,the number of proximal tubular epithelial (PTE) cells was decreased,and the renal tubular injury scores,the average glomerular volume,and plGF-1R protein expression were increased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the DKD group,albumin excretion rate was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01),the above pathological changes were alleviated and the effect of IGF-1R inhibitor was more significant.Compared with the DKD group,the pIGF-1R protein expression was reduced in IGF-1R inhibitor group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the benazepril group,the pIGF-1R protein expression was reduced in IGF-1R inhibitor group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion IGF-1R inhibitor has better effect than benazepril on alleviating the tubulopathy of DKD mice.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor alleviates diabetic kidney disease mouse tubulopathy / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor on tubulopathy in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) mice.@*Methods@#C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10) and DKD model group (n=30), by giving a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ 150 mg/kg to establish a DKD model. After established successfully, the mice in DKD model group were randomly divided into DKD group (n=10), benazepril group (n=10) and IGF-1R inhibitor group (n=10). IGF-1R inhibitor group was given intraperitoneal injection of IGF-1R inhibitor (30 mg·kg-1·d-1) and benazepril group was given intraperitoneal injection of benazepril (30 mg·kg-1·d-1). Normal control group and DKD group were given an equal amount of normal saline. After 8 weeks of feeding, mice were euthanatized. Body weight and kidney weight were recorded. Blood, urine and kidney samples were collected. Biochemical tests such as blood glucose and urine albumin were measured by automatic biochemical instruments and albumin excretion rate was calculated. Pathological changes of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS). Phosph (p) IGF-1R expression level was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.@*Results@#Compared with the normal control group, blood glucose, kidney weight/body weight and urinary albumin excretion rate were significantly higher in DKD group (all P<0.01). In DKD mice, glomerular expansion, tubular stenosis, tubular swelling and tubular atrophy were significantly detected. Meanwhile, the number of proximal tubular epithelial (PTE) cells was decreased, and the renal tubular injury scores, the average glomerular volume, and pIGF-1R protein expression were increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the DKD group, albumin excretion rate was significantly reduced (P<0.01), the above pathological changes were alleviated and the effect of IGF-1R inhibitor was more significant. Compared with the DKD group, the pIGF-1R protein expression was reduced in IGF-1R inhibitor group (P<0.05). Compared with the benazepril group, the pIGF-1R protein expression was reduced in IGF-1R inhibitor group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#IGF-1R inhibitor has better effect than benazepril on alleviating the tubulopathy of DKD mice.