RESUMO
Introduction: Elimination of pathological microflora of root canal systems is a major goal in endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication and antibacterial photodynamic therapy [aPDT] against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in teeth with periapical [PA] lesions
Methods: This in vivo study was conducted on 20 patients with single-rooted mandibular premolar with previously failed endodontic treatment. This study was performed as a clinical trial [IRCTID: IRCT2016090429686N1]. After conventional chemo-mechanical root canal preparation [hand and rotary instruments and 2.5% NaOCl], microbiological samples were obtained using sterile paper points, then stored in thioglycolate solution and transferred to a microbiology laboratory. Group 1 [n = 10] specimens underwent aPDT [diode laser 808 nm + 50 mg/mL methylene blue], while creamy calcium hydroxide paste was used in group 2 for a duration of 1 week. A control sample was taken with sterile paper points and F3 Protaper rotary file. The samples were dispersed in transport medium, serially diluted, and cultured on selective mediums to determine the number of colony forming units [CFUs]. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test at 5% significance level. The significance level for all analyses was set at P < 0.05
Results: Number of CFU significantly decreased in both groups after the interventions [P < 0.001]; however, there was no significant difference in the colony count between the 2 groups
Conclusion: aPDT and calcium hydroxide therapy showed the same antimicrobial efficacy on E. faecalis and C. albicans
RESUMO
Propolis, a natural product of the honeybee, is currently used as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. Using different antibacterial agents is an important step to reduce the number of microorganisms within the root canal and improve the endodontic treatment prognosis. The present in vitro study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis against Enterococcus faecalis compared to calcium hydroxide. In this experimental study, 42 single-rooted human teeth were selected and their smear layer was completely removed after access cavity and canal preparation. After infecting the prepared canals with Enterococcus faecalis species, negative control group was used during sterilization period and in two groups of 18 each, canals were filled with 30%propolis extract and calcium hydroxide, respectively. No material was added to the positive control group. The specimens were stored in CO[2] incubator for 72 hours, 1 week and 1 month and afterwards, samples were taken from inside the canals and Enterococcus faecalis colonies were counted. Number of colonies at different time intervals was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the number of colonies after using the understudy medicaments. Number of colonies was 55,000 +/- 46,368.09 and 43,333.33 +/- 48,027.077 after incubation for 72 hours and using 30% Propolis extract and calcium hydroxide, respectively. After 1 week incubation, number of colonies was 166.67 +/- 408.25 in the Propolis group and zero in the calcium hydroxide group. No colonies were observed after 1 month incubation in both groups. No significant differences were noted between two medicaments at different time intervals. In general, antimicrobial activity of Propolis against Enterococcus faecalis species was comparable with that of calcium hydroxide at different time intervals. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative natural material for disinfection of canals during endodontic treatment