Fatty acid profile variations after exposure to textile industry effluents in Indian Major Carps

Abstract Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species due to different concentrations of industrial wastes. The water samples were collected from the river Chenab at the site where it receives industrial wastewater via Chakbandi drain. After exposure to 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% dilutions of collected water in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in selected fish species were decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P 0.05). These findings suggest that untreated wastewater not only deteriorate the fatty acid profile of aquatic animals but also these toxic substances can reach human body through fish meat and pose further health hazards. Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies.

Resumo As carpas indianas são as espécies de peixes mais consumidas no Paquistão, sendo uma fonte barata de proteínas e de ácidos graxos insaturados e boa para a saúde cardiovascular. A poluição da água por causa do descarte de resíduos industriais não tratados em corpos dágua contamina essa preciosa fonte de nutrientes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deterioração do perfil de ácidos graxos de três principais espécies de carpas indianas em diferentes concentrações de resíduos industriais. As amostras de água foram coletadas do rio Chenab no local onde recebe esgoto industrial via dreno de Chakbandi. Após a exposição a diluições de 1,5%, 3% e 4,5% da água coletada em diferentes aquários, foi observado que a proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados em espécies de peixes selecionadas diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da intensidade da dose (P 0,05). Por outro lado, o nível de ácidos graxos saturados aumentou com a elevação da dose de tratamento (P 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que águas residuais não tratadas não apenas deterioram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos animais aquáticos, mas também essas substâncias tóxicas podem atingir o corpo humano por meio da carne de peixe e representar mais riscos à saúde. Portanto, é recomendável que os efluentes industriais sejam tratados antes de serem despejados em corpos dágua.

Fine needle aspiration cytology; diagnostic accuracy in thyroid nodules

Goiter is a common problem in southern Punjab and thyroid surgery is frequently performed in surgical units of BVH Bahawalpur. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is the investigation of choice in detection of carcinoma thyroid. It is simple and quick to perform and can be readily repeated. The aim of the study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in thyroid nodules. Cross sectional study. June 2009 to November 2009. Department of Surgery, BVH Bahawalpur. Fifty patients of goiter of age ranging from 16 to 60 years, irrespective of gender, presenting with a thyroid nodule and undergoing surgery were included in the study at Department of Surgery, BVH Bahawalpur. Information of each patient was collected on a structural Performa and then analyzed on SPSS to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the FNAC. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 72.2% and 97.8% respectively. FNAC should be performed in all cases of thyroid nodules because of its high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the benign as well as the malignant lesions of thyroid