Diferencias e influencia en la Conducta Adaptativa por las regiones colombianas

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo describir las diferencias e influencia de las regiones colombianas en las Habilidades Adaptativas Específicas y Dominios de la Conducta Adaptativa en niños colombianos entre 0-15 años, sin alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo y sin etiología de daño cerebral. Participaron padres y profesores de 2081 niños, divididos por 4 regiones geográficas: Andina, Caribe, Orinoquía y Pacífico. Se aplicó el cuestionario de conducta adaptativa ABAS-II en sus versiones Infantil padres a los padres de niños de 0 a 1,11 años, y las versiones escolar padres y escolar profesores a los padres y profesores de niños de 2 a 15 años. Los resultados indicaron que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los menores de las diferentes regiones, siendo los resultados más altos los de la región Pacífico y los más bajos los de la región Orinoquía. Con estos resultados se considera que es importante tener en cuenta los aspectos culturales, sociales, ambientales e históricos de cada región del país para la evaluación de su conducta adaptativa, entendiendo que estas diferencias no marcan o indican mayor susceptibilidad a patología, sino variaciones culturales dentro de los términos considerados como lo esperado.

The present research aimed to describe the differences and influence of Colombia geographic regions on Specific Adaptive Skills and Domains of Adaptive Behavior in Colombian children between 0-15 years of age without neurodevelopmental alterations and without etiology of cerebral disease. 2081 Colombian children´s parents and teachers participated, divided into 4 regions: Andean, Caribbean, Orinoquía and Pacific. The ABAS-II questionnaire was applied the chindren´s parent version to parents of children from 0 to 1,11 years and the school parents`and school teachers` versions to parents and teachers of children from 2 to 15 years of age. The results indicated that there are statistically significance differences between the children of the different regions, the highest results being those of the Pacific region and the lowest those of the Orinoquía region. It is considered with the results that it is important to take into account the cultural, social, environmental and historical aspects of each region of the country for the evaluation of their adaptive behavior; these differences do not mark or indicate greater susceptibility to pathology, but rather cultural variations within of the terms considered as the expected.

Recursos parentales en familias con hijos sordos / Parental Resources in Families with Deaf Children

Resumen Este artículo describe los recursos parentales que las familias con hijos sordos construyen para promover y potencializar el desarrollo del niño. Es un estudio mixto de corte transversal, se entrevistó a cinco madres oyentes de niños sordos, incluye datos de una encuesta sociodemográfica de un grupo de 245 niños sordos de Colombia. Se concluye que el asumir la discapacidad desde el diagnóstico, la búsqueda de apoyo institucional, enfocarse en las capacidades de sus hijos, reorganizar las rutinas y responsabilidades familiares, la mirada positiva al futuro y la perseverancia, la espiritualidad son algunos de los recursos parentales empleados por las madres.

Abstract This article describes the parental resources that families with deaf children build to promote and potentialize child's development. It is a mixed cross-sectional study. Five hearing mothers of hearing-impaired children were interviewed, including data from a sociodemographic survey of a group of 245 hearing-impaired children from Colombia. It is concluded that by assuming disability from diagnosis, the search for institutional support, by focusing on the capacities of their children, by reorganizing family routines, and responsibilities, a positive look to the future and perseverance, spirituality are some of the parental resources employed by mothers.

Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 e 3 são preditores de mortalidade iguais? Estudo de concordância com base em unidade de terapia intensiva / Are the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 and 3 equal predictors of mortality? An intensive care unit-based concordance study

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a concordância da classificação do risco de mortalidade por meio do uso dos escores Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 e 3. Métodos: Avaliação de uma coorte retrospectiva pela análise dos pacientes admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica entre abril de 2016 e dezembro de 2018. Calculamos o risco de mortalidade por meio do PIM 2 e do 3. Realizaram-se análises para determinar a concordância entre a classificação de risco obtida com ambas as escalas pela utilização do cálculo do Kappa não ponderado e linearmente ponderado. Resultados: Incluímos 722 pacientes, sendo que 66,6% destes tinham uma condição crônica. A mortalidade global foi de 3,7%. O coeficiente Kappa de concordância para classificação dos pacientes, segundo o risco com o PIM 2 e o 3, foi moderado: 0,48 (IC95% 0,43 - 0,53). Após ponderação linear, a concordância foi substancial: 0,64 (IC95% 0,59 - 0,69). Para pacientes de cirurgia cardíaca, a concordância para a classificação de risco foi regular: 0,30 (IC95% 0,21 - 0,39); após ponderação linear, a concordância foi apenas moderada: 0,49 (IC95% 0,39 - 0,59). O PIM 3 acusou um risco mais baixo do que o PIM 2 em 44,8% dos pacientes desse subgrupo. Conclusão: Nosso estudo comprova que o PIM 2 e o 3 não são clinicamente equivalentes e não devem ser usadas de forma intercambiável para avaliação da qualidade em diferentes unidades de terapia intensiva. Devem ser conduzidos estudos de validação antes que se utilizem os PIM 2 e 3 em situações específicas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the concordance of mortality risk classification through the use of the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 and 3. Methods: Through a retrospective cohort, we evaluated patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit between April 2016 and December 2018. We calculated the mortality risk with the PIM 2 and 3. Analyses were carried out to determine the concordance between the risk classification obtained with both scales using unweighted and linearly weighted kappa. Results: A total of 722 subjects were included, and 66.6% had a chronic condition. The overall mortality was 3.7%. The global kappa concordance coefficient for classifying patients according to risk with the PIM 2 and 3 was moderate at 0.48 (95%CI 0.43 - 0.53). After linear weighting, concordance was substantial at 0.64 (95%CI 0.59 - 0.69). For cardiac surgery patients, concordance for risk classification was fair at 0.30 (95%CI 0.21 - 0.39), and after linear weighting, concordance was only moderate at 0.49 (95%CI 0.39 - 0.59). The PIM 3 assigned a lower risk than the PIM 2 in 44.8% of patients in this subgroup. Conclusion: Our study proves that the PIM 2 and 3 are not clinically equivalent and should not be used interchangeably for quality evaluation across pediatric intensive care units. Validation studies must be performed before using the PIM 2 or PIM 3 in specific settings.

Implantación de stent en drenaje venoso anómalo supracardiaco obstructivo / Stent implantation in obstructive supracardiac anomalous drainage

Resumen El drenaje venoso anómalo pulmonar total representa un grupo de defectos cardíacos congénitos con baja incidencia pero alto potencial de complicaciones. Se expone el caso de una lactante menor de bajo peso al nacer, con drenaje venoso anómalo pulmonar total obstructivo, programada para implante de stent en vena vertical y posterior cirugía correctiva, evidenciando obstrucción residual mínima en la llegada de la vena pulmonar derecha y reducido tamaño auricular izquierdo, con prolongada estancia en cuidado intensivo secundaria a dificultad para el destete de la ventilación mecánica debido a edema venocapilar. Este caso demostró que la intervención endovascular es una opción en neonatos de alto riesgo con drenaje venoso anómalo pulmonar total obstructivo como parte de la estrategia de estabilización cardiovascular preoperatoria; la cirugía correctiva debe considerarse una vez las condiciones clínicas lo permitan, con el objetivo de minimizar la morbilidad asociada al compromiso de la distensibilidad de las cavidades izquierdas.

Abstract Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a group of congenital cardiac defects. They have a low incidence but a high potential for complication. The case is presented of a young infant of low birthweight, with total obstructive anomalous pulmonary venous return, scheduled for a stent implant in a vertical vein, and subsequent corrective surgey. This showed evidence of a minimal residual obstruction on reaching the right pulmonary vein, and a reduced left atrial size. She had a long stay in intensive care secondary to difficulty in weaning off mechanical ventilation due to the presence of venous-capillary edema. This case demonstrates that endovascualr intervention is an option in high risk infants with a total obstructive anomalous pulmonary venous return as part of the strategy of pre-operative cardiovascular stabilisation. Corrective surgery should be considered when the clinical conditions permit it, with the aim of minimising the morbidity associated with the compromise of the distensibility of the left cavities.

Actividad antifungica de los extractos acuosos de Baccharis trinervis, Baccharis latifolia y Solanum dolichosepalum / Antifungal activity in the aqueous extracts of Baccharis trinervis, Baccharis latifolia and Solanum dolichosepalum

Se estudió la actividad antifungica in vitro por el método de dilución con suspensión de esporas de los extractos acuosos de las plantas Baccharis trinervis (Chilca), Baccharis latifolia (Algodoncillo) y Solanum dolichosepalum (Frutillo) contra Trichophyton rubrum y Candida albicans. Los extractos de S. dolichosepalum mostraron actividad antifungica contra Trichophyton rubrum a una concentración de 16 mg/ml (800 ug de extracto), mientras que B. trinervis la presentó a 64 mg/ml (3,2 mg de extracto). Los extractos obtenidos de B. latifolia no mostraron actividad frente a ninguna delas cepas utilizadas en el ensayo.

The antifungal activity in vitro was studied by the dilution method with the suspension of spores of the aqueous extracts of Baccharis trinervis, Baccharis latifolia and Solanum dolichosepalum against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans. The extracts of S. dolichosepalum showed antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum in a concentration of 16 mg/ml (800 ¦Ìg of extract), whilst B.trinervis displayed activity in 64 mg/ml (3.2 mg of extract). The extract obtained of B. latifolia did not present any activity against the strains used in this trial.