Contributions of parenting styles and parental drunkenness to adolescent drinking

Objective: To estimate the association of parental drunkenness and parenting style with alcohol consumption among adolescents and the contributions of parental drunkenness and parenting style to the prevalence of binge drinking among adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of secondary students aged 13 to 18 from 27 Brazilian state capitals (n=17,028). Private and public schools were included. A self-report questionnaire collected data on adolescents' alcohol drinking behavior, parenting styles, and parenting and peer models of drunkenness. Results: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness are associated with binge drinking among adolescents. Authoritarian, indulgent, and negligent parenting styles were associated with 1.50-, 2.51-, and 2.82-fold increases in prevalence of adolescent binge drinking, and parental drunkenness, with a 1.99-fold increase. The non-authoritative parenting style made a larger contribution than parental drunkenness to adolescent binge drinking. Conclusions: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness seem to play an important role in adolescents' binge drinking behavior. At the population level, parenting style appears associated with a greater contribution to this behavior among adolescents. Prevention strategies targeting parental drunkenness may be bolstered if a broader approach including parenting styles is in place.

Estilos parentais como fator de proteção ao consumo de tabaco entre adolescentes brasileiros / Estilos parentales como factor protector para el consumo de tabaco entre adolescentes brasileños / Parenting styles as a tobacco-use protective factor among Brazilian adolescents

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre o uso de tabaco (no mês e frequente) com os estilos parentais e o comportamento de fumar dos pais, em uma amostra de estudantes do Ensino Médio. Foram avaliados 17.246 estudantes do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e privadas das 27 capitais brasileiras. A prevalência do uso de tabaco na vida foi de 25,2%, 15,3% no ano, 8,6% no mês, e 3,2% para uso frequente. Em relação aos estilos parentais, 39,2% dos pais foram classificados como negligentes, 33,3% autoritativos, 15,6% como indulgentes e 11,9% autoritários. Comparados a estudantes com pais autoritativos, filhos de pais negligentes ou indulgentes tiveram maior chance de relatar o uso no último mês ou frequente de tabaco. Observou-se uma associação entre o estilo parental e uso de cigarros por estudantes do Ensino Médio. O estilo parental autoritativo foi associado à proteção ao uso de tabaco no mês e frequente entre os adolescentes.

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar la asociación entre el consumo de tabaco (durante el mes y su frecuencia) con los estilos parentales y el hábito de fumar de los padres, en una muestra de estudiantes de secundaria. Los participantes fueron reclutados de escuelas públicas y privadas de 27 capitales estatales de Brasil (n = 17.246). La prevalencia de uso en la vida fue un 25,2%, en el último año 15,3%, en el último mes 8,6%, y 3,2% de uso frecuente. El consumo de tabaco parental fue reportado por un 28,6% de los estudiantes. 39,2% de los padres fueron clasificados como negligentes, 33,3% autoritativos, 15,6% indulgentes y 11,9% autoritarios. Comparados con los adolescentes con padres autoritativos, aquellos con padres negligentes o indulgentes reportaron más uso de tabaco durante el último mes o uso frecuente. Se encontró asociación entre estilos parentales y uso de tabaco por parte de los estudiantes. El estilo parental autoritativo se asoció con la protección para el uso del tabaco en el mes y frecuencia entre los adolescentes.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the relationship between tobacco use (previous month and frequent use), parenting styles and parental smoking behavior in a sample of high school students. Participants were recruited from public and private high schools from 27 Brazilian state capitals (N = 17,246). The overall prevalence of tobacco use in life was 25.2%; 15.3% in the previous year; 8.6% in the previous month; and 3.2% for frequent use. Tobacco use by the parents was reported by 28.6% of the students. Regarding parenting styles, 39.2% were classified as negligent, 33.3% authoritative, 15.6% as indulgent and 11.9% authoritarian. Compared to adolescents with authoritative parents, those with negligent or indulgent parents were more prone to report tobacco use during the last month or frequent use. This study showed an association between parenting styles and tobacco use by high school students. Authoritative parents were associated with protection from frequent and previous month tobacco use among adolescents.