Comparison of acute kidney injury following brain death between male and female rats

Abstract Background Clinical reports associate kidneys from female donors with worse prognostic in male recipients. Brain Death (BD) produces immunological and hemodynamic disorders that affect organ viability. Following BD, female rats are associated with increased renal inflammation interrelated with female sex hormone reduction. Here, the aim was to investigate the effects of sex on BD-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) using an Isolated Perfused rat Kidney (IPK) model. Methods Wistar rats, females, and males (8 weeks old), were maintained for 4h after BD. A left nephrectomy was performed and the kidney was preserved in a cold saline solution (30 min). IPK was performed under normothermic temperature (37°C) for 90 min using WME as perfusion solution. AKI was assessed by morphological analyses, staining of complement system components and inflammatory cell markers, perfusion flow, and creatinine clearance. Results BD-male kidneys had decreased perfusion flow on IPK, a phenomenon that was not observed in the kidneys of BD-females (p< 0.0001). BD-male kidneys presented greater proximal (p= 0.0311) and distal tubule (p= 0.0029) necrosis. However, BD-female kidneys presented higher expression of eNOS (p= 0.0060) and greater upregulation of inflammatory mediators, iNOS (p= 0.0051), and Caspase-3 (p= 0.0099). In addition, both sexes had increased complement system formation (C5b-9) (p=0.0005), glomerular edema (p= 0.0003), and nNOS (p= 0.0051). Conclusion The present data revealed an important sex difference in renal perfusion in the IPK model, evidenced by a pronounced reduction in perfusate flow and low eNOS expression in the BD-male group. Nonetheless, the upregulation of genes related to the proinflammatory cascade suggests a progressive inflammatory process in BD-female kidneys.

Non-surgical periodontal treatment for drug-influenced gingival enlargement: a four-year follow-up case report

ABSTRACT: Drug-influenced gingival enlargement is considered to be an important side effect related to the use of some medications and often produces important esthetic changes for patients, as well as clinical symptoms such as pain, bleeding, abnormal tooth movement and occlusion problems. Anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants and antihypertensive drugs have been reported as the main inducers of these periodontal disorders. This case report describes the 4-year clinical follow-up of a young patient with a history of excessive gingival enlargement as a consequence of drug therapy for epilepsy (phenytoin and phenobarbital); the nonsurgical periodontal treatment of the excessive gingival enlargement was associated with the replacement of the patient's epilepsy medications with valproic acid. We conclude that intensive mechanical control of bacterial biofilms, instruction on oral hygiene guidelines and behaviors and the substitution of alternative anticonvulsant medications are the best way to control the drug-influenced gingival enlargement.

Avaliação da eficácia da carboxiterapia na melhora da sensibilidade tátil, da satisfação corporal e do aspecto de estrias albas na região glútea em mulheres: um ensaio clínico randomizado / Evaluation of the effectiveness of carboxitherapy in improving tactile sensitivity, body satisfaction and appearance of stretch marks in the gluteus region in women: a randomized clinical trial

Introdução: Estrias são lesões dérmicas lineares que acometem ambos os sexos, sendo duas vezes mais comuns em mulheres. Objetivos: Investigar se a carboxiterapia é eficaz para melhorar a sensibilidade tátil, a satisfação corporal e o aspecto de estrias albas localizadas na região glútea de mulheres. Métodos: 38 mulheres hígidas com estrias albas bilateralmente na região glútea participaram do estudo. A aplicação da carboxiterapia foi realizada em um glúteo e porção superior da coxa através da introdução da agulha hipodérmica paralelamente as estrias. Foram realizadas doze sessões com duração média de 20 minutos cada, com intervalo de sete dias. A eficácia da intervenção foi avaliada através de registros fotográficos, avaliação da dor, avaliação da sensibilidade tátil, e autoavaliação de satisfação pós-tratamento. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle no que diz respeito à avaliação dos registros fotográficos. Houve redução significativa entre a dor e melhora da sensibilidade nas voluntárias. Também houve diferença significativa da satisfação com a aparência do próprio glúteo antes e após o tratamento. Conclusão: A carboxiterapia foi eficaz em melhorar a sensibilidade tátil e a satisfação com o corpo de mulheres hígidas com estrias albas na região glútea. (AU)

Introduction: Stretch marks are linear lesions that affect both sexes, being twice as common in women. Objectives: To investigate whether carboxytherapy is effective in improving tactile sensitivity, body satisfaction and the appearance of stretch marks located in the gluteal region of women. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy women with bilateral stretch marks in the gluteal region participated in the study. Carboxitherapy was applied to a gluteus and upper thigh by introducing the hypodermic needle in parallel as stretch marks. Twelve sessions were held with an average duration of 20 minutes each, with an interval of seven days. The assessment of the intervention was assessed through photographic records, pain assessment, assessment of tactile sensitivity and automatic assessment of satisfaction after treatment. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group regarding the evaluation of photographic records. We observed a significant reduction between pain and improved sensitivity in the volunteers, and a significant difference in satisfaction with his appearance before and after treatment. Conclusion: Carboxytherapy was effective in improving tactile sensitivity and body satisfaction in healthy women with stretch marks in the gluteal region. (AU)

Eficácia da criolipólise para redução de gordura subcutânea: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise / Effectiveness of cryolipolysis for subcutaneous fat reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introdução: a criolipólise produz um resfriamento seletivo e controlado e baseia-se no conceito de que tecidos ricos em lipídios são mais suscetíveis a lesões por frio, reduzindo gordura subcutânea. Objetivo: revisar a literatura para avaliar a eficácia da criolipólise na redução de gordura subcutânea. Métodos: revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos publicados nas bases de dados EBSCOhost, LILACS e PUBMED. Resultados: apenas um estudo não apresentou redução significativa na gordura subcutânea quando comparado o grupo de intervenção ao grupo controle. Houve diferença entre os estudos em relação aos parâmetros. Conclusão: a criolipólise é uma ferramenta eficaz para redução de gordura localizada.

Introduction: Cryolipolysis produces selective, controlled cooling, and it's based on the concept that lipid-rich tissue is more susceptible to cold injury, reducing subcutaneous fat. Objective: To review the literature to assess the effectiveness of cryolipolysis in reducing subcutaneous fat. Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies published in the EBSCOhost, LILACS, and PUBMED databases. Results: Only one study did not present significant reduction in subcutaneous fat compared to the control group. There was a difference among the parameters in the studies. Conclusion: Cryolipolysis is an effective tool for localized fat reduction.

Long-term lung inflammation is reduced by estradiol treatment in brain dead female rats

OBJECTIVES: Lung transplantation is limited by the systemic repercussions of brain death (BD). Studies have shown the potential protective role of 17β-estradiol on the lungs. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of estradiol on the long-lasting lung inflammatory state to understand a possible therapeutic application in lung donors with BD. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups: BD, subjected to brain death (6h); E2-T0, treated with 17β-estradiol (50 μg/mL, 2 mL/h) immediately after brain death; and E2-T3, treated with 17β-estradiol (50 μg/ml, 2 ml/h) after 3h of BD. Complement system activity and macrophage presence were analyzed. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 gene expression (RT-PCR) and levels in 24h lung culture medium were quantified. Finally, analysis of caspase-3 gene and protein expression in the lung was performed. RESULTS: Estradiol reduced complement C3 protein and gene expression. The presence of lung macrophages was not modified by estradiol, but the release of inflammatory mediators was reduced and TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression were reduced in the E2-T3 group. In addition, caspase-3 protein expression was reduced by estradiol in the same group. CONCLUSIONS: Brain death-induced lung inflammation in females is modulated by estradiol treatment. Study data suggest that estradiol can control the inflammatory response by modulating the release of mediators after brain death in the long term. These results strengthen the idea of estradiol as a therapy for donor lungs and improving transplant outcomes.

Estradiol prevented intestinal ischemia and reperfusion-induced changes in intestinal permeability and motility in male rats

OBJECTIVES: Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in the intestine could lead to severe endothelial injury, compromising intestinal motility. Reportedly, estradiol can control local and systemic inflammation induced by I/R injury. Thus, we investigated the effects of estradiol treatment on local repercussions in an intestinal I/R model. METHODS: Rats were subjected to ischemia via the occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (45 min) followed by reperfusion (2h). Thirty minutes after ischemia induction (E30), 17β-estradiol (E2) was administered as a single dose (280 μg/kg, intravenous). Sham-operated animals were used as controls. RESULTS: I/R injury decreased intestinal motility and increased intestinal permeability, accompanied by reduced mesenteric endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin (ET) protein expression. Additionally, the levels of serum injury markers and inflammatory mediators were elevated. Estradiol treatment improved intestinal motility, reduced intestinal permeability, and increased eNOS and ET expression. Levels of injury markers and inflammatory mediators were also reduced following estradiol treatment. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our findings indicate that estradiol treatment can modulate the deleterious intestinal effects of I/R injury. Thus, estradiol mediates the improvement in gut barrier functions and prevents intestinal dysfunction, which may reduce the systemic inflammatory response.

Network prediction of the potential molecular mechanisms in birds of prey exposed to organochlorine pesticides / Red de predicción de potenciales mecanismos moleculares en aves de presa expuestas a pesticidas organoclorados

Abstract In the 1960s, organochlorine compounds were responsible for the decline of birds of prey populations such as Haliaee- tus leucocephalus and Falco peregrinus. Pesticides similar to DDT cause bioaccumulation in birds, affecting their eggshell com- position and compromising their development. Using system biology tools, the goal of this study was to better comprehend how organochlorines act on birds. We performed a literature review, using the STITCH 5.0 platform, searching for the terms DDT and TCDD. The sub-networks were amplified in 100 interactions in STRING 10.5 and joined by the Cytoscape 3.4.0 Merge software, using the experimental animal model Gallus gallus. Clusterization, gene ontology, and centrality were the parameters evaluated in the resulting network. The resulting network had 1,417 interactions and 137 nodes. The clusterization indicated four clusters and the gene ontology pointed to biological processes related to cell signaling and morphological development. The centrality analysis indicated ESR1 and HSP90AB1 as hub/bottleneck proteins involved in the estrogen pathway and calcium transport. Therefore, it is possible that HSP90 proteins have increased expression in birds contaminated with organochlorine pesticides, favoring ESRI-organochlorines interaction and disturbing the calcium availability related to the eggshell formation. The presence or absence of heat shock proteins, such as HSP90, influences several aspects of reproduction in many species. Therefore, the relationship between the HSP90 protein expression and thin-shell syndrome was identified for the first time in this in silico study.

Resumen En los años 60, los organoclorados fueron responsables del declive de aves de rapiña como Haliaeetus leucocephalus y Falco peregrinus. Pesticidas como el DDT, causan biomagnificación en las aves, afectando las cáscaras de los huevos y dañando su desarrollo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue, a través de herramientas de biología de sistemas, comprender cómo los organoclorados actúan en el organismo de las aves. A través de una revisión bibliográfica se incluyeron dos compuestos, DDT y TCDD. Estos fue ron prospectos en la plataforma STITCH 5.0. Las subredes encontradas fueron aumentadas en 100 interacciones en la plataforma STRING 10.5 y unidas por la herramienta Merge del programa Cytoscape 3.4.0, usando el modelo experimental Gallus gallus. En la red resultante se analizaron la clusterización, la ontología génica y la centralidad. La red resultante presentó 137 nudos y 1.417 interacciones. El análisis de clusterización indicó 4 clusters, siendo que el análisis y ontología génica apuntó procesos biológicos ligados a la señalización y al desarrollo morfológico. El estudio de centralidad apuntó a ESR1 y HSP90AB1 como los hubs-bottle- neck proteínas que estaban involucradas en la vía de recepción de estrógeno y en el transporte de calcio. De acuerdo con los resultados podemos inferir que las proteínas HSP90 tienen su expresión aumentada, en aves contaminadas con pesticidas organoclo rados, favoreciendo la interacción entre ESRI y DDT / TCDD. Con ello, la interacción ESRI y la hormona estrógeno se compromete perjudicando el transporte de calcio y consecuentemente la formación de la cáscara del huevo en aves expuestas. La expresión de proteínas de choque térmico ha sido asociada a varios aspectos de la reproducción en muchas especies, sin embargo, una asociación entre HSP90 y el síndrome de la cáscara fina del huevo fue identificada por primera vez en este experimento in silico.

Acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer por enfermeiros da atenção primária / Acompañamiento de personas con cáncer por enfermeros de la atención primaria / Follow-up of People with Cancer by Primary Health Care Nurses

Introdução: O acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer tem o papel não só de estabelecer a construção e o fortalecimento do vínculo entre usuário, família e unidade de saúde, como também permite que a equipe possa prestar uma assistência de qualidade, priorizando as necessidades do indivíduo. Objetivo: Compreender o processo de acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer por enfermeiros da atenção primária. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com uso da abordagem qualitativa, realizado com dez enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família de um município do nordeste do Brasil. Foram feitas entrevistas, cujos depoimentos foram transcritos na íntegra e analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. Resultados: Verificou-se que o acompanhamento de pessoas com câncer é feito através das visitas domiciliares onde são realizados cuidados de acordo com as necessidades individuais, entretanto esse cuidado demanda suporte de uma equipe multiprofissional, bem como a utilização da rede de atenção à saúde. Conclusão: Desvelou-se que os enfermeiros necessitam de suporte e capacitação para o acompanhamento aos usuários com câncer(AU)

Introducción: El seguimiento de las personas con cáncer tiene el papel no solo de establecer la construcción y el fortalecimiento del vínculo entre el usuario, la familia y la unidad de salud, sino que también permite que el equipo pueda prestar una asistencia de calidad, priorizando las necesidades del individuo. Objetivo: Comprender el proceso de seguimiento de personas con cáncer por enfermeros de la atención primaria. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con uso del abordaje cualitativo, realizado con diez enfermeros de la estrategia salud de la familia de un municipio del nordeste de Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas, cuyos testimonios fueron transcritos en su totalidad y analizados por medio de la técnica de análisis de contenido modalidad temática. Resultados: Se verificó que el acompañamiento de personas con cáncer es hecho a través de las visitas domiciliarias, donde se realizan cuidados de acuerdo con las necesidades individuales. Sin embargo, ese cuidado demanda soporte de un equipo multiprofesional, así como la utilización de la red de atención a la salud. Conclusión: Se desveló que los enfermeros necesitan apoyo y capacitación para el acompañamiento a los usuarios con cáncer(AU)

Introduction: The follow-up of people with cancer has the role not only of establishing the construction and strengthening of the link between the user, the family and the health unit, but also allows the team to provide quality care, prioritizing the needs of the individual. Objective: To understand the process of following up people with cancer by primary care nurses. Methods: This is a descriptive study using the qualitative approach, conducted with ten nurses from the family health strategy of a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Interviews were conducted, whose testimonies were fully transcribed and analyzed by means of the thematic modality content analysis technique. Results: It was verified that the follow-up of people with cancer is performed through home visits, where care is carried out according to individual needs. However, this care demands support from a multi-professional team, as well as the use of the health care network. Conclusion: It was revealed that nurses need support and training to follow up cancer users(AU)