RESUMO
Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins are regarded as the main active constituents of Gynostemma longipes C.Y.Wu. By using MCI and silica gel column chromatography, as well as preparative HPLC, we isolated four new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from the polar saponin fraction of G. longipes C.Y.Wu. Their structures were determined by comprehensive analyses of NMR and MS data and identified as (20S)-3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-19-oxo-24-ene-3-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-21-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (20S)-3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-24-ene-19-oxo-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-21-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (20S)-3β,19,20,21-terahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-21-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (20S)-3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-21-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 1-4 are new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins which contain five glycosyl residues.
RESUMO
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is one of the critical epigenetic modifiers responsible for de novo DNA methylation. DNMT3A mutations are identified in some kinds of hematological malignancies, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with high frequency, indicating poor prognosis. Recent researches have shown that abnormalities of epigenetic related genes such as DNMT3A play important roles in the development and progression of hematological malignancies, which was named as class Ⅲ mutation associated with the pathogenesis of AML. In this review, the progresses of clinical and basic researches about DNMT3A mutation in hematological malignancies were summarized.
RESUMO
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is one of the critical epigenetic modifiers responsible for de novo DNA methylation. DNMT3A mutations are identified in some kinds of hematological malignancies, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with high frequency, indicating poor prognosis. Recent researches have shown that abnormalities of epigenetic related genes such as DNMT3A play important roles in the development and progression of hematological malignancies, which was named as class Ⅲ mutation associated with the pathogenesis of AML. In this review, the progresses of clinical and basic researches about DNMT3A mutation in hematological malignancies were summarized.