Neonatal bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit: analysis of causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Background: Bangladesh has a neonatal death rate that is substantially high and demands urgent attention. Objective: This retrospective study was performed to determine the incidence of bacterial neonatal sepsis condition in the Chittagong area of Bangladesh with focus on various demographic characteristics of neonates, causative organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility. Methodology: Blood culture was performed on all neonates with risk factors or signs of suggestive sepsis. Blood samples were cultured using tryptone soya broth (TSB- blood broth) according to standard method. Results: From the 1400 neonates 104 had positive blood culture for neonatal sepsis infection. Among the infected children 40 (38.46%) were born in the hospital and 64 (61.54%) were born at home. The EONS (Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis) accounted for 68 (65.38%) and LONS (Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis) accounted for 36 (34.62%). Among the isolated organism Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 79 (75.96%), Serratia marcescens 19 (18.27%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 04 (3.85%) and Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 02 (1.92%). Among the isolated species 102 were attributed to G (-ve) bacteria and 02 were attributed to G (+ve) bacteria. Most of the G (-ve) bacteria showed resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftriaxon and gentamicin. In this study all isolates showed sensitivity to the imipenem. Conclusion: Collection of up-to-date data is mandatory for appropriate use of antibiotics.

Unusual presentation of chronic suppurative otitis media

We prevent an unusual case of discharging ear with associated neck swelling that was diagnosed initially as infected cholesteatoma complicated by Bezold abscess. Due to the unusual pale abundant granulation tissue encountered intraoperatively and after the results of histopathology of the granulation tissue and Ziehl-Neelsen stain of the neck swelling aspirate the diagnosis was revived

Complications of cataract surgery in diabetics

In retrospective study, eighty diabetic patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction [ECCE] and intraocular lens [IOL] implantation. Fifty of them with retinopathy and the other thirty without retinopathy. The age of the patient at the time of surgery ranged from 40-60 years [mean 49]. Forty four patients had insulin dependent and thirty six patients had non insulin depedent. Follow-up examination were performed one day, three days, one week, four weeks and then every two months. The postoperative data included best visual acuity, any change in the state of retinopathy, cystoid macular oedema, opacification of the posterior capsule and additional surgical procedure including yag laser capsulotomy

Does the use of topical dorzolamide hydrochloride limit the role of glaucoma surgery

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the recently introduced topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. [Dorzolamide Hydrochloride 2% [Trusopt 2%]] as an additional therapeutic agent in selected patients suffering from chronic open angle glaucoma. Forty eight eyes [48] in twenty eight [28] patients were included in this study, that was held at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, 12 males and 16 females, mean age was [46.14 years] [Range from 31-68 years]. They were diagnosed as chronic simple glaucoma, non of them was subjected to previous glaucoma surgery. These patients were divided into three groups, first group [11 eyes] previously using pilocarpine eye drops only, second group [21 eyes], using Beta-blockers and third group [16 eyes], using combination of both pilocarpine and beta blockers. All patients were submitted to complete eye examination. Then topical 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride was given to all patients every 8 hours in addition to their original treatment, and the patients were followed-up for 6 months. The LO.P. reduction, were recorded. In the first group, the mean reduction was 4.04, in the second group was 3.99, in the third group it was 3.45 which is statistically significant in three groups. So we concluded that Dorzolamide Hydrochloride 2% was a useful as adjunctive therapy in control the elevated intraocular pressure, deviation and in stabilizing otherwise inadequately controlled cases

Some epidemiological aspects of eye injuries

200 patients presenting with eye injuries [El] at outpatient ophthalmic clinic of Al-Zahraa [A1-Azhar University Hospital] were interviewed to identify some of the possible epidemiological aspects that may be related to eye injuries. The results revealed that: the majority of El occurred during out door activities [work 30.5%, public activities 27.5% school 17.5%, and shooting 7.5%], males were more affected [74%] than females [26%], the majority of El [47%] occurred as a result of negligence, responsible for 54.5% where 84.9% of them occurred in extrreme degrees of temperature, past history of El was also presented among 11% of patients and only 3% were unable to continue their previous work

Some risk factors for cataract in Al-Azhar University Hospitals

A case control study was directed to determine some risk factors related to cataract. The sample size was 1060 subjects and 600 were controls. They were nearly matched in age and sex. The sample was taken from Al-Azhar university hospitals. Malnutrition, diabetes, myopia since childhood, glaucoma medically controlled, glaucoma with surgical intervention, outdoor working, peripheral neuropathy, head injuries and severe diarrhoea were identified as risk factors for cataract. Many recommendations were suggested aiming to restore the eye of cataractous patients from blinding